Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Postharvest Fungal Pathogens

정래동,신은정,추은희,박해준 한국식물병리학회 2015 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.31 No.2

Postharvest diseases cause losses in a wide variety of crops around the world. Irradiation, a useful nonchemical approach, has been used as an alternative treatment for fungicide to control plant fungal pathogens. For a preliminary study, ionizing radiations (gamma, X-ray, or e-beam irradiation) were evaluated for their antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, and Rhizopus stolonifer through mycelial growth, spore germination, and morphological analysis under various conditions. Different fungi exhibited different radiosensitivity. The inhibition of fungal growth showed in a dose-dependent manner. Three fungal pathogens have greater sensitivity to the e-beam treatment compared to gamma or X-ray irradiations. The inactivation of individual fungal-viability to different irradiations can be considered between 3-4 kGy for B. cinerea and 1-2 kGy for P. expansum and R. stolonifer based on the radiosensitive and radio-resistant species, respectively. These preliminary data will provide critical information to control postharvest diseases through radiation.

屈原의 生涯와 作品

丁來東 成均館大學校 中文學會 1962 中國文學 Vol.1 No.-

中國小說이 韓國文學에 끼친 影響

丁來東 국어국문학회 1964 국어국문학 Vol.- No.27

中國敍事詩硏究

丁來東 成均館大學校 1963 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

The nature of the Chinese epic is different from that of the so-called European epic. The Chinese epic is generally known as a narrative poem. When compared with Odyssey or Iliad, the Chinese epic was composed about 10 centuries later, for which I point out briefly some reasons as follow; (1) The ancient Greek society is different in its construction from the ancient Chinese society. (2) In Chinese literature, there were no epics inherited by mouth until the middle of the Han dynasty. (3) Realistically, most of the Chinese people were so impoverished that they could not afford to compose imaginative or fantastic poems. (4) The Chines language is made of symbolical characters which have meanings in themselves, while the European characters are nothing but phonetic symbols; therefore, even a short Chinese sentence can express as much as a long sentence in any European can. The Chinese epics are generally divided as follows: The first part;Epics from the end of the Han dynasty(漢) to the six kingdoms(六朝) 1. Songs of indignation(悲憤詩) by Chai-En(察琰) 2, Herb-picking on the mount(상산채미무) 3. A peacock flies south-easterly(孔雀東南飛) 4. An Ode to orphans(孤兒行) 5. Songs of a Chin maiden named Newshyu(秦女休行) by Fu-Shuan(傳玄) 6. Songs of a maiden named Muran(木蘭辭) The second part;Epics composed by poets of the Tang dynasty(唐) 1. An Ode on lamentation(長恨歌) by Bue-jui-i(白居易) 2. A gray haired lady of Sangyang Palace(上陽白髮人) by Bue-jui-i(白居易) 3. An old man with a broken arm in a county called Shinpoong (新豊折臂翁) by Bue-jui-i(白居易) 4. An aged charcoal dealer(賣炭翁) 5. An Ode on lamentation(長恨歌) by Uan-Jain(원진) 6. A gray haired lady of Sang yang palace(上陽白髮人) by Uan-Jain(원진) The third Part; Epics of the Tang Song dynasty(唐宋) 1. The chant literature of Buddhism (講唱文學)......, the most representative work of this field is "Mulen visits his mother"(木連訪母) 2. Epics whose subject matters are historical figures; U-Tsu-Shu(吳子胥變文) Wong-So-June(王昭君變文)etc. The epics of the Tang Song dynasty are called Ben-Wen style (變文), a kind of literary style peculiar to that period. Besides, Joo kung Tyo(諸宮調), Tantsu(彈詞), Kutsu(鼓詞) are also worth mentioning, but I reserve them for another occasion and omit to mention here.

韓中目連故事의 比較

丁來東 成均館大學校 1966 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

The tales of Mu-Len (目連) are still remaining in China in a prose-verse form, and the original text of Mu-Len remains with us in Korea together with its prose translation and a verse known as "The Thousand Rivers (月印千江之曲)" (canto 500-519). The writer has attempted to explain about the text of Mu-Len first and then th refer to the origin of the so-called prose-verse form and its stylistic problems. The writer has also made an inquiry into a relationship between the prose translation of the Mu-Len text and the poem "The Thousand Rivers", and moreover has pointed out the fact that the poem "The Thousand Rivers" is no more a verse from translated from a Chinese verse than a poem "Yong-bi O-Chon-ga(龍飛御天歌)" is, and the vocablary employed in translation is free from Chinese loan words, and instead, only Korean words are employed throughout the translation. The translated text prose and poem "The Thousand Rivers" are excellently done and they are perfect models of Korean prose and verse, but the translated tales of MuLen are not so charming or moving enough to strongly influence the readers of the text that they may convert to Buddhists. In China, these tales of Mu-Len are very popular among the general people, whereas in Korea they are only known in the court and in the temples. The main reason why the tales of Mu-Len are so widely spread and appreciated among the upper-class society, the cultured society, as well as among the general people is that the idea of filial duty and the doctorine of transmigration (i.e. the principal of cause and effect) common to the oriental people are well embodied concisely in so short a tale.

Control of Postharvest Bacterial Soft Rot by Gamma Irradiation and its Potential Modes of Action

정래동,추은희,박덕환,박해준 한국식물병리학회 2016 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.32 No.2

Gamma irradiation was evaluated for its in vitro andin vivo antibacterial activity against a postharvest bacterialpathogen, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora(Ecc). Gamma irradiation in a bacteria cell suspensionresulted in a dramatic reduction of the viable counts aswell as an increase in the amounts of DNA and proteinreleased from the cells. Gamma irradiation showedcomplete inactivation of Ecc, especially at a dose of 0.6kGy. In addition, scanning electron microscopy of irradiatedcells revealed severe damage on the surfaceof most bacterial cells. Along with the morphologicalchanges of cells by gamma irradiation, it also affectedthe membrane integrity in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanisms by which the gamma irradiation decreasedthe bacterial soft rot can be directly associatedwith the disruption of the cell membrane of the bacterialpathogen, along with DNA fragmentation, results indose-dependent cell inactivation. These findings suggestthat gamma irradiation has potential as an antibacterialapproach to reduce the severity of the soft rot of paprika.

중국어문학 제 2 집

정래동 영남중국어문학회 1981 중국어문학 Vol.2 No.1

N/A

李淸照의 詞와 生涯

丁來東 淑明女子大學校 亞細亞女性問題硏究所 1976 아시아여성연구 Vol.15 No.-

Li Ching Chao was born in 1083 in Jin Nan, China. Her life story can be traced until 1151. We are not sure how long she lived, since there is no known record on her life after 7.151. Her father was a high official and a fine writer. Her mother was also gifted with literary talent. Li married to Chao Ming Cheng when she was 18 years old. Her husband Chao, a. son of a high ranking official, was interested in archaeology and literature. He served as a local official in various localities since 1121. In 1126 the Chin army invaded the Sung Empire. When the Chin army retreated in. 1127. They have taken prisoners the Emperors Hul Chung, Chin Chung and their wives. When the war rampaged, Li's family fled from place to place to find refuge. Her house, books, antiques and other valuable belongings were burnt and destroyed by Chin soldiers. During these war years, Li Ching Chao wrote poems of sadness. In 1129, when she was 46 years old, her husband -died of illness in Chen Kang. In. December of the same year the Chin invaded again. She lost once again the vast collection of books for the war, and she journeyed many places as a refugee. There. is no evidence that she had any child. According to historical records, Li Ching Chao wrote 7 prosaic hooks and 6 books of Tzu, and 12 of them remained until Ming dynasty. Bat, among her works, today we have only 50 pieces of Tzu; one prosaic writing and a few poems on her life written. in the epilogue of the book titled $quot;Archaeology.$quot; Despite the small amount of her works found today, literary critics rank her as one: of the most distinguished poets in the entire history of China. This is because of the fact that her literay and musical talent and sophisticated womanly mind were so. amply demonstrated in her remaining works. Li Ching Chao was born to and raised in a upper class noble family. Her childhood family life influenced her refined emotional growth. Pains of war and refugee life contributed to the formation of sharper literary insights and mental maturity. Her delicate womanly passion was finely expressed in her works. And she was successful in harmonizing litters and phrases. This seemed to be possible for her musical sensitivity.

Induced Disease Resistance of Satsuma Mandarins against Penicillium digitatum by Gamma Irradiation

정래동 (사)한국방사선산업학회 2017 방사선산업학회지 Vol.11 No.2

Gamma irradiation, which is a type of ionizing radiation, can be used as a fruit inducible factor. In the present study, the effects of gamma irradiation on the resistance of mandarin fruits against Penicillium digitatum, the causal agent of postharvest green mold disease, were investigated. Pretreatment of a low dose of gamma irradiation effectively reduced the disease incidence and lesion diameter of mandarin fruits inoculated with P. digatatum during storage for 14 d. Interestingly, exposed to 400 Gy of gamma irradiation significantly maintained firmness and stimulated the synthesis of defense-related enzymes, (e.g., β-1,3-glucanase, phenylalanine, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase) and pathogenesis-related (PR) genes (e.g., PR-1 and PR-2). Therefore, the gamma irradiation-induced resistance against P. digatatum involves both changes of phenolic compounds and the induction of expression of defense-related genes. In addition, scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that induced disease resistance by gamma irradiation significantly inhibits the growth of P. digatatum in mandarin fruits. These results suggest that the exposure of gamma irradiation is a potential methods for inducing the disease resistance of fruit to postharvest fungal pathogens and for extending the postharvest life of mandarin fruit.

讀書와 默想 (p.196-197)

丁來東 文章社 1940 文章 Vol.2 No.8