방담:민스크 하늘에 태극기 날리고

정동구,김화경,백승현,양정모 북한연구소 1975 北韓 Vol.- No.47

美國 大學 및 國家代表 Wrestling 選手 養成과 트레이닝 프로그램 硏究

鄭東求 韓國體育大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

Wrestling의 Rule改定에 따른 競技內容 分析

鄭東求 韓國體育大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

This study was undertaken to discuss the content of the wrestling perfomance skills based on the wrestling rules revised in FILA Congress during the Moscow Olpmic Games in 1980 and to make the comparative researches on the perormance of San Diego World Wrestling Championships in1981, KBS College Wrestling Championships and the 62nd National Athletic Games. The implications of the study are as follows- 1. Wrestling games became more speedy than ever before the revision of the rules. The technical points were centralized on from one to seven points. 2. The probailies in winning by falls of Korean wrestlers ere lower than those of foreign wrestlers. 3. Completion of the matches was changed from falls at 9 minutes into points at 6 minuttes matches. 4. Most countries, especially USSR, focused on the points-orienteed wrestling matches. 5. Caution scores were distributed ranging from 4.19 times at 9minutes to 1.19 at 6 minutes matches. 6. Fioreign werestlers showed no difference in the acquistion of the technical points durring the first and second round, while Korean wrestlers showed a variety of differences concerned with the above performance ability. 7. Theaverage length of foreign wrestlers in performance skills was much longer then that of Korean wrestlers and the age reaching the full maturicy was 23,9 years.

학교체육 활성화를 위한 정책적 과제

정동구 東國大學校 比較法文化硏究所 2002 比較法硏究 Vol.3 No.-

21세기의 사회는 생활여건이 개선됨에 따라 국민 각자의 건강과 풍요로운 삶의 질적 향상을 추구하려는 체육활동이 활발히 이루어 질 것이다. 또한 21세기에도 엘리트스포츠의 위력은 조금도 위축되지 않고 오히려 더욱 증대되어 올림픽과 세계선수권 등에서 스포츠 선진강국의 각축이 이루어지면서 스포츠마케팅 또한 그 규모가 확대될 것으로 미래학자들은 예측하고 있다. 이러한 사회적 변화에 따라 국민체육의 근간이 되는 학교체육의 중요성은 더욱 강조될 것이다. 우리나라의 교육의 목적은 지․덕․체의 조화로운 발달을 위한 전인 교육임을 상기할 때, 학교체육은 아무리 어려움이 있다하더라도 잠시라도 그 기능을 멈추지 않고, 활성화를 위한 실질적인 노력을 기울여야 할 것이다. 신체적․정신적으로 미완성 상태인 학생들에게 학교체육 활동은 미래주역의 건전한 사회인 육성을 도모 할 수 있는 인성과 체력을 가져다 줄 것이다. 그 동안 정부 당국의 학교체육에 대한 지원과 관심의 부족으로 세계 10위의 체육강국에 걸맞지 않게 학교 교육 과정의 운영이 부실해지고 턱없이 부족한 체육예산으로 학교체육 시설과 프로그램은 후진성을 면치 못하고 있는 게 현실이다. 또한 교육현장에서는 체육시간은 점차 감축되고 그나마 입시 입시위주의 교육풍토에 밀려 다른 시간으로 대체되고 스포츠클럽이 많으므로 학생들이 그곳에서 운동하면 된다는 탁상공론은 운동장 없는 학교설립이 추진되는 등, 체육에 대한 무지와 철학의 빈곤으로 학교체육은 다 죽어 가고 있다. 이제는 학교체육 활성화를 저해하고 있는 실질적인 문제점을 보다 상세히 진단하여야 하며, 그 해결방안이 무엇인지 가감 없이 밝혀내어야 한다. 발표자는 학교체육의 활성화를 위하여 시급히 선행되어야 할 사항으로 세 가지를 주장하였다. 첫째, 중앙정부의 학교체육전담 기구를 설치하여 학교체육관련자들의 상충되는 이해 속에서 힘있게 개혁을 추진시켜 나갈 수 있도록 하여야 한다. 학교체육을 포함한 국내 체육의 전반적인 문제점의 파악과 해결방안은 무엇인지를 사심 없이 밝혀내고 관련기구와 정책의 결정과 시행을 위한 영향력 있는 정부의 공식기구가 필요한 것이다. 둘째, 체육과목을 교과과정의 한 과목으로만 생각하지 말고 우리나라의 교육목적인 지․덕․체의 한 축으로 학교체육의 중요성을 인정하여 체육을 필수과목으로 하여야 한다. 셋째, 후진성을 면치 못하는 현 학교체육을 보다 효과적으로 운영하기 위해서는 시설확충과 다양한 체육 프로그램이 있어야 하며 이를 위한 정책적 재정지원 또는 체육기금의 마련이 시급하다. 끝으로 학교체육의 활성화를 이루기 위해서는 정부, 지역사회, 학교당국자, 교사, 학부모, 학생 등 학교체육과 관련된 모든 제반 영역에서의 힘과 노력을 합하여 시너지 효과를 내어야 한다. 즉 정부가 학교체육 활성화의 의지를 갖고 주관 부서를 정하며, 사회전체가 학교체육에 관심을 갖고 대안을 정부에 제시하여야 한다. 또한 언론은 대중스포츠나 해외 스포츠보다 학교체육과 소년체전 등에 더 많은 관심을 쏟아야 할 것이다.

韓國體育史에 나타나는 양궁과 레슬링에서의 運動用語 使用頻度와 國際競技 成績과의 相關 硏究

정동구 韓國體育大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

In searching for the cause for Korean sports to enter the top 10 status in the international sports arena during the last 50 years, there are mainly of two opinions : first, it is the national output of politics, economy, society, culture and education as a whole; and second, it is the output of the improved general sports environment such as the national sports policy, facility, technical training, base population for each sports, and training programs. However, this analysis attempts to find another possible explanation for the international success of particular sports in Korean History, i.e., through the finding of numerous sports terminologies used frequently for archery and wrestling in historical documents and tradition, the cause for and origin of the success may be ascertained. These terminologies have been passed down either literally or orally through history and can be used as historical markers of a continuing tradition. Archery and wrestling are selected for the analysis because they contained more frequent use of and a larger volume of sports terminologies than other sports. A previous research found that these characteristics coincided with the success of the sports. Therefore, the frequency of the sports terminologies used for archery and wrestling was employed to establish a historical perspective. As a result, the history of archery is found to date from New Stone Age, indicating archery has been deeply rooted in the life of Koreans for a very long time. Wrestling(Ssireum) is found to appear since the prehistoric age. Also, the fact that these two sports have significantly larger selection of native sports terminologies than other sports indicates that they have been a very close part of life for koreans.

韓國 레슬링(씨름)의 歷史的 理解를 爲한 一硏究

鄭東求 韓國體育大學校 1999 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

I have attained results that a purpose for thesis of the Korea history of physical education on the wrestling event with tracking base on historical side light to the present phase of the Korean's wrestling, as follow. I made choiced of wrestling and Tsirum for a track the history of Korean's Wrestling event, because these two events have the similarity by wrestle with each other. The Tsirum's history in the Korea have written the recording the era of Cchung Hea King in the Korea dynasty generally. And, the Tsirum's history have presented to the era of Chu Mong from the presence by the Korea mural, he was the founder of the Korea dynasty. The Korea's history of Tsirum previous to China it, realistically 400 years. But, in this study, I certified that the Korean's history of Tsirum to the era of Chi Woo Chun dynasty, the nation of Bea Dal, from the presence. For that reason, I intend that the Korean's history of Tsirum must be set up to BC 2500 from now. I could knew what Korean's Trirum have lived in life through a servey the Korean's mother tongue. Like this, these competitional methods by wrestle with each other have existed in total process of the Korea history of physical education, I have known. In now, the introduction of wrestling conveyed through Korean students studying in the Japan, but the Korean's historical background of Tsirum had assimilated it excellently. After the liberatior of Korea, the Korea Amateur wrestling federation organized, and then, we have participating in the Olympic game, etc events. If understanding centering around Olympic games, I have considered that the poor grades of the 14th ∼ the 17th(1948 ∼ 1960) Olympic games were caused by the political, social economical circumstances, and the good grades of the 18th ∼ the 21th(1964 ∼ 1976) Olympic games were caused by the social stability and the systematic facilities or trainings. Moreover, in the 25th(1992) Olympic games, we had awarded four gold medals, South and North Korea each 2ea. We have known what these excellent grade of wrestling event were not unrelated to the perpetual history of Tsirum events. Therefore, we must to be sought the historical basis of Korean's wrestling event in Tsirum. Until now, though we kept on record historical facts to the era of the Korea these historical facts of Tsirum from now, but these must be lengthen to the ancient times, the era of Chi Woo Chun dynasty in the nation of Bea Dal. When we regard as the BC 2500 a history of Tsirum, in the same manner, the history of wrestling must be lengthen to the prehistoric age from now, be over the Korea history of physical education. consequently, we convinced that the Korean wrestling event have gotten the phase of the powers of the world, it is by no means chance.

中華人民 共和國 建國初期의 近代體育 發展過程 硏究

정동구 한국체육대학교 부속체육연구소 1995 체육연구소논문집 Vol.13 No.-

This study was to consider from historical records data on the modern physical education of the new-people's republic of China in the early days. There are results. In the beginning establishment of the people's republic of China, the purpose of physical education was on the basis of the thought of Marxism and Mo, Teak Dong. These are characters, as follows. The first, the modern sport of China was transmitted the new sport's methods and rules by the christian missionary group, and then, several students studying abroad extend them, and the former China selected the physical education in school by the new education system. etc The above can divided three route. The second, these sports activities of the China Soviet are prosperous things in a long way. We can know that a sporting event of the new peole's republic of China start from and epoch of revolution. These leaders do have coincide with the military affairs and the sports. Among leaders of a liberated area, Mo Teak Dong, Chu Duk, Chu En Rae etc, take a serious view of physical activities, because they thought that physical activities help to the physical strength and the revolutionary government education. They thought sports, a strong army and a wealthy country etc, equally. The third, we know that the sports development of the new people's republic of China promoted from the influence of the Soviet Union. At that time, the new China had received contents of the Soviet's sports. These are as follows, tell briefly ① The national management system ② The intentional training method of excellent players ③ A factory worker, the organizational management of sport association for factory workers. The new China has received the state amateurism, and then carry out it. These contents were received by Soviet Union's sport contribute to stronged the foundation of the new China. But, because of the one-sided receive, the new China has a lack of a characteristic and diversity of nation's culture. In the sports culture activities of new China, the central role was to school sports and sports associations. The school sports bring up the mass sports, in process of the physical education to emphasize certainly. The purpose of China's education is to nurture necessary men in socialistic construction. Through the organization and the role of sport's Association, we could examined these concrete practical items and results of the political measure on the sport activities of China. After establishment of the people's Republic of China, founded sport's associations are following three items. ① The All China Sports Federation founded in 1949 It was nationwide sports organization. Its main duties and works were to band together these sports enterprise association, to develop the mass sports association, to encourage sports project. Therefore, as the representative group of the China, it was endeavory group to modernize the China with invitation, competence detachment, control capability. ② The State Physical Education and Sports founded in 1952. Its chairman undertaked a cabinet minister. Its first minister was Ha Ryong. He was a person of merit of China revolution, and the vice prime minister of a minster of state. So, we could understand that the China government take a serious view of the sport. Its main duties is to regulate, direct and supervise sport culture enterprise. Besides, It has duties to support and supervise the All China Sports Federation and the China Olympic Committee. ③ The China Olympic Committee was a national organization to construct the China's sports development and Olympic movement promotion and ti promotes and propagates the sport objective of China Olympic and exchanges international Olympic committee. The International Olympic Committee recognized it to legitimate sports group, and then admissed in IOC. The IOC have authorized a power of representation of China, and then the China could participate in the Olympic and the Asian games in officially. The China encourages sports activities with the purpose of success of the anti-Japan revolution struggle. The sports project has the goal of the physical education to reinforcement the health and mental power of the people, strengthen the production growth and the power of national defense. The China also supports the international interchange with view of the struggle of diplomacy politics. Therefore, foundamental factors of the rapid development in china are in propel of the special policy of physical education. Because these political measures have propulsived with the people's own strength, the suffering inauguration of an enterprise, the strenuous exertion mental power. They have pushed ahead with continuance. Also, the sport development of the China was in the thought of actual truth pursuit, in the political philosophy on reconciliation of both extremities, in results of a mission and a subject of the times.

체육사 : 조선체육회(朝鮮體育會) 창립취지서(創立趣旨書)에 대(對)한 역사적(歷史的) 이해(理解)

정동구,장성수 한국체육학회 1996 한국체육학회지 Vol.35 No.3

This study got these results from the intention for the groping of significant with reappreciation by the historical sight of JoSeon Amateur Sports Association.The imperialist Japan schemed an obscurantist policy through the law of education after the Japanese annexation of Korea in 1910. Under these circumstances, also the physical education enforced on form a line in the chain of a colonial policy in school or society. Ultimately, the physical education failed into more the stage of stagnation than the end of the JoSeon.The 3 ·1 movement provided a momentum for the activation of our physical activities. This movement could. not choose but converted a colonial policy to a culture; policy. After one year, the sports organization established, it was the JoSeon Amateur Sports Association. This prospectus's contents had a good value with historical materials, because Its contents had the intention of the times circumstance, the organization spirit and the propulsional direction etc.These contents of the prospectus could sected 4 paragraph. In these contents, a part of introduction was put into the recognition of human's physical limitation and the inside of the conquest aspiration through reverence and love of the nature.In a part of the main discouse, it could divided 2 paragraph. In I section, these contents waked up the could help but incurring the national degeneration resulted from the weakness in negligence in spite of the natural relationships of man and the natural law are in health and wealth. And, in II section, These contents put emphasis on the health of individual and the wealth of the nation were inevitable relationship with emphasis on performance of physical education for the conquest of social pathology and the national development preferentially.In a part of the conclusion, these contents promulgated the oughtness on the organization of JoSeon Amateur Sport Association.The key in these contents emphasized the unification of all support and backing for the activation of each sport organization in the whole nation.This sports thought of prospectus had a good effected on the sponsorship and backing of a competition, the formation of local unit and the study activity and the sports management, and It got ready for the basis of congest the Japan. Since it is so, it had a considerable meaning.Therefore, this prospectus of JoSeon Amateur Sport Association got ready for the mental basis to conquest the Japan ultimately, with inspiration of anti-Japanese sentiments through the completion of the internal coordination and the competent concentration, and it gave emphasis to the realization of physical health through physical activities for the self-esteem of a nationality preferentially in a whole sentence.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha deficiency impairs host defense against Streptococcus pneumoniae

정동구,서진희,허승호,최양규,정의숙 한국실험동물학회 2015 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.31 No.2

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major human pathogen that is involved in community-acquired pneumonia. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that activates immune responses against infection, invasion, injury, or inflammation. To study the role of TNF-α during S. pneumoniae infection, a murine pneumococcal pneumonia model was used. We intranasally infected C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and TNF-α knockout (KO) mice with S. pneumoniae D39 serotype 2. In TNF-α KO mice, continuous and distinct loss of body weight, and low survival rates were observed. Bacterial counts in the lungs and blood of TNF-α KO mice were significantly higher than those in WT mice. Histopathological lesions in the spleen of TNF-α KO mice were more severe than those in WT mice. In TNF-α KO mice, severe depletion of white pulp was observed and the number of apoptotic cells was significantly increased. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-12p70 and IL-10 levels in serum were significantly increased in TNF-α KO mice. TNF-α is clearly involved in the regulation of S. pneumoniae infections. Early death and low survival rates of TNF-α KO mice were likely caused by a combination of impaired bacterial clearance and damage to the spleen. Our findings suggest that TNF-α plays a critical role in protecting the host from systemic S. pneumoniae infection.

서울시립 동대문운동장의 건강생활체육공원화 방안

정동구,하웅용 한국체육정책학회 2004 한국체육정책학회지 Vol.3 No.-