Staphylococcus aureus의 增殖과 enterotoxin産生에 미치는 pH, 溫度 및 食品添加物의 影響

Gab Soo Chung(鄭甲洙),Ryun Bin Tak(卓鍊斌) 한국예방수의학회 1993 예방수의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

In this study, field isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from the fresh chicken carcasses and from the pathological lesions of chickens with staphylococcosis were subjected to determine the growth characteristics and the immunological toxin types. In addition, effective food additives were screened to inhibit the growth and enterotoxin production of S. aureus in order to promote the food safety. When one hundred and twenty fresh chicken carcasses obtained from 6 poultry processing plants at Kyong-gi area from March to November in 1990 and chicken specimens diagnosed as staphylococcosis during 4 years from 1989 to 1992 were examined, total of 83 and 106 strains of S. aureus isolated, respectively. Among those, 4 of 83 isolates from the fresh chicken carcasses, and 74 of 106 strains from chickens with staphylococcosis were typed as enterotoxigenic strains of S. aureus, respectively. All these enterotoxigenic strains produced an enterotoxin type D only, and these enterotoxins from the 48 strains tested all caused an emetic response in cat. To determine the production of staphylococcal enterotoxin, 10 isolates and 4 reference strains(ATCC 13565, 14458, 19095 and 23235) of S. aureus were inoculated into NZ-medium at a concentration of 10⁴ cells/ml and incubated at various temperature. At 10℃, all fourteen strains did not grow and produce enterotoxins until 240 hours. At 15℃, 3 strains(ATCC 13565, 14458 and 1 isolate) produced an enterotoxin after 72 hours of incubation, and 8 strains(ATCC 23235 and 7 isolates) produced after 96 hours of incubation, respectively. Nevertheless the remaining 3 strains(ATCC 19095 and 2 isolates) did not produce unitl 96 hours. At 37℃, eleven out of 14 strains produced enterotoxin after 4 to 7 hours of incubation, and each 1 strain produced after 8, 9 and 10 hours, respectively. When ground chicken meats inoculated with S. aureus were incubated at 22℃, all 14 strains produced enterotoxin in the raw meat after 24 hours of incubation, and 12 strains produced enterotoxin in the heated meat(100℃, 30 minutes) after 6 to 12 hours. When 21 food additives were tested for inhibitory effects on the growth and enterotoxin production of S. aureus in brain heart infusion broth, butyl p-hydroxybenzoate(BH), butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA) and lactic acid(LA) showed a significant inhibitory effects. The lower pH of media, the greater inhibiotry effects of BH, BHA and LA were observed. In addition, a combination of BH or BHA with NaCI had a greater inhibitory effect than when either BH or BHA were used alone. Complete inhibition of S. aureus growth occured in BHI broth with 156.3ppm BH or 200ppm BHA. In combination with 2% NaCI, however, 100ppm BH or 150ppm BHA exerted bacteriocidal effects. The bacteriocidal effect was also observed when 0.4% LA was supplemented in the culture medium. When 0.2% LA, 0.2% sorbic acid, 25ppm BH+2% NaCI, 25ppm BHA+2% NaCI, or 0.15% erythorbic acid+0.26% potassium sorbate+0.01% sodium nitrite+2% NaCI were added to raw chicken meat production of enterotoxin from the inoculated S. aureus was completely inhibited until 48 hours of storage at 22℃.

축산물의 잔류물질 관리현황 및 방지 대책

정갑수 ( Gab Soo Chung ),조병훈 ( Byung Hoon Cho ),손성완 ( Seong Wan Son ),임채미 ( Chae Mi Lim ),박수정 ( Su Jeong Park ),권현정 ( Hyung Jeong Kwon ),하혜정 ( Hae Jeong Ha ) 한국수의공중보건학회 2006 예방수의학회지 Vol.30 No.2

流通중 動物藥品 成分檢査成績(1987-1988)

Tae Haeng CHO(趙太行),Gab Soo CHUNG(鄭甲洙),Young Min IN(印英玟),Sun NAMGOONG(南宮琁) 한국예방수의학회 1989 예방수의학회지 Vol.13 No.1

A total of 454 samples consisted of the nutritives(134 samples) and therapeutics(320 samples) collected from the market during 1987-1988 was examined for the quality control of the animal drugs. A total of 50 cases(11.0%) out of 454 samples was recognized as unqualified. The number of items unqualified was 21 cases(6.6%) and 29 cases(21.6%) in the therapeutics and in the nutritives, respectively. Among the samples of 454, unqualified items with content-shortage were 40 cases(8.8%) and with content-11 cases(2.4%). The shortage in the therapeutice were 21 case all, whereas, in the nutritives 18 cases(13.4%) and 11 cases(8.2%), respectively.

2008-2009년 국내 폐사 야생조류 및 동물 체내의 잔류농약 분석

장정희,봉영훈,김동규,김미경,정갑수,손성완,Jang, Jung-Hee,Bong, Young-Hoon,Kim, Dong-Gyu,Kim, MeeKyung,Chung, Gab-Soo,Son, Seong-Wan 대한수의학회 2010 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.50 No.3

Pesticides are useful to eliminate harmful insects and grow crops however, misuse and abuse of pesticides may cause a death of wild birds, livestock, and companion animals. We analyzed residual pesticides in the ingesta and tissues from the dead wild birds, livestock, and companion animals which were suspected pesticide poisoning based on the diagnosis of the Animal Disease Diagnostic Center of National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS). The samples were primarily brought to NVRQS from local communities and veterinary diagnostic laboratories. The 231 suspicious samples of pesticide poisoning based on the necropsy were analyzed by GC/NPD, GC/FPD, GC/ECD, or GC/MSD in 2008 and 2009. Pesticides were identified from the 55 samples of total 143 samples analyzed in 2008 and from the 34 samples of total 88 samples analyzed in 2009. The pesticide identification rates in 2008 were higher than the rates in 2009. It may have relevance to the increased samples with the outbreak of avian influenza in 2008 in Korea. The concentrations of pesticides found in the dead animals varied and exceeded the respective $LD_{50}$ of pesticides in many cases. Monochrotophos, phosphamidon, and methomyl were the most common pesticides found and those pesticides are high rank sales in Korea. The cause of pesticide poisoning in animal is assuming a misuse and an abuse of commonly used pesticides in Korea.

流通중 收去 動物用醫藥品 檢査 成績(1991-1992)

Tae Haeng Cho(趙太行),Gab Soo Chung(鄭甲洙),Doo Hag Yun(尹斗鶴),Kwang Jick Lee(李光稙),Sun Namgoong(南宮琁) 한국예방수의학회 1993 예방수의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

A total of 731 samples consisted of the therapeutics (594 samples) and nutritives (137 samples) collected from the markets during 1991-1992 was examined for the quality control of the animal drugs. A total of 33 cases (4.5%) out of 731 samples was recognized as unqualified. The number of items unqualified was 23 cases (3.9%) and 10 cases (7.3%) in the therapeutics and the nutritives, respectively. Among the samples of 731, unqualified items with content-shortage were 29 cases (4.0%) and with content-surplus 4 cases (0.5% ). The shortage and surplus in the therapeutics were 22 cases (3.7%) and 1 case (0.2%), respectively.

각국의 동물용 의약품 관리제도 및 조직체계 비교

홍기성 ( Kee Sung Hong ),정우진 ( Woo Jin Chung ),이선미 ( Sun Mi Lee ),정갑수 ( Gab Soo Chung ),최춘배 ( Choon Bae Choi ),이제용 ( Jae Yong Lee ),지정현 ( Jeong Hyun Jee ),조창호 ( Chang Ho Cho ),김지선 ( Ji Sun Kim ),위성환 ( Su 한국수의공중보건학회 2006 예방수의학회지 Vol.30 No.2

국내 종계에서 난계대 전염병 감염 실태 보고

권용국(Yong Kuk Kwon),강민수(Min Soo Kang),오재영(Jae Young Oh),정병열(Byeong Yeal Jung),김혜령(Hye Ryoung Kim),김하영(Ha Young Kim),신소연(So Yeon Shin),권준헌(Jun Hun Kwon),정갑수(Gab Soo Chung) 韓國家禽學會 2010 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.37 No.3

본 조사 연구는 종란을 생산하는 원종계, 종계, 백세미씨 알 생산 농장을 대상으로 수직 감염(난계대전파)되는 전염성 질병인 추백리/가금티푸스, 닭마이코플라즈마증(MG, MS), 전염성 빈혈증, 조류아데노바이러스 감염증에 대한 항원 및 항체 검사를 실시하였다. 조사 기간은 2009년 8월부터 12월까지 5개월간 원종계 45계군, 종계 1,018계군, 백세미씨알 생산 54계군에 대한 성적이다. 추백리/가금티푸스 항원 검사에서는 모든 계군이 음성으로 확인되었으나, 항체 검사결과 종계 3.2%, 백세미씨알 생산계군 3.0%의 항체 양성율이 관찰되었다. 계종별 가금티푸스의 발생률은 종계군의 항원 검사 결과와 상반되어 육계 44.3.7%, 백세미 26.2%, 산란계 15.7%, 토종닭 12.6%, 육용 종계 1.08%였다. MG 항체 검사 결과, 원종계 71.1%, 종계 및 백세미씨알 생산계군 각 88.7% 항체 양성율이 확인되었으며, MS 항체 검사 결과도 비슷한 수준으로 나타났다. 닭 전염성 빈혈 바이러스 검사 결과, 원종계 42.2%, 종계 18.0%가 바이러스를 갖고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 항체 양성율도 86% 이상이었다. 이와 함께 조류 아데노바이러스항원검사결과에서는원종계4.4%, 종계2.7%, 백세미씨알 생산계군 9.35%가 바이러스를 보유하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 결론적으로 국내 종계군은 닭 마이코플라즈 마증과 닭 전염성 빈혈에 상당히 높은 수준으로 감염되어 있는 것으로 판명되어 질병별 적절한 예방책이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. A survey of transovarially transmitted diseases, including salmonellosis [(pullorum disease; PD)/(fowl typhoid; FT)], mycoplasmosis, avian infectious anemia (CIA), and fowl adenovirus infection was conducted in the breeder chickens from August to December in 2009. The numbers of flocks sampled out were: Grand Parents Stock (GPS), 45; Parents Stock (PS) 1,018, Baeksemi breeder (BSB) 54. The seroprevalence of salmonellosis (PD/FT) were 0% (GPS), 3.2% (PS), and 3% (BSB), respectively. A total of 983 chicken farms were affected with FT outbreaks between 2000 and 2008. The incidence of FT in commercial broilers, Baeksemi, commercial layers, native chickens, and broiler breeders was 44.3%, 26.2%, 15.7%, 12.6% and 1.08%, respectively. Of the affected broilers, over 90% birds were under 2 weeks of age, indicating it was possible that they were infected with S. gallinarum via vertical transmission. The sero-positive flocks against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) were 71.1% (GPS), 88.7% (PS), 88.7% (BSB), while the rates of positive flocks against Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) were 86.0% (GPS), 77.0% (PS), and 98.0% (BSB). In GP and parent farms, the detection rates on specific genes of CIA virus were 19/45 (42.2%), and 169/1039 (18.0%), respectively, whereas the seroprevalence of CIA were 86.0% in GPS and 93.7% in PS flocks. In addition, positive flocks of fowl adenoviruses were 4.4% (GPS), 2.7% (PS) and 9.35% (BSB), respectively. As the results, avian mycoplasmosis and CIA have been more prevailing in chicken breeder than avian salmonellosis and fowl adenovirus infection in Korea.

동물용 생 바이러스 백신에서 Mycoplasma 검출을 위한 PCR 기법 적용

전우진,김병한,정병열,안동준,이철현,장환,정갑수,Jeon Woo-Jin,Kim Byoung-Han,Jung Byeong-Yeal,An Dong-Jun,Yi Chul-Hyun,Jang Hwan,Chung Gab-Soo 한국미생물학회 2005 미생물학회지 Vol.41 No.4

동물용 생 바이러스 백신 내에 mycoplasma를 검출하기 위해 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)기법과 2가지의 상품화된 PCR 검출킷트를 평가하였다. PCR기법은 시험에 사용된 모든 mycoplasma를 특이적으로 검출할 수 있었으나, 2가지의 상품화된 PCR 검출킷트는 일부의 mycoplasma를 검출하지 못하였다. 또한, PCR기법의 검출 특이도는 조류 유래 mycoplasma에 속한 4주의 표준주 및 7주의 야외분리주를 모두 검출할 수 있었다. PCR기법의 민감도는 9 CFR Mycoplasma액체배지에서 배양한 Mycoplasma 속균 및 Acholeplasma속균에 대해 $1\~100$ colony forming units/ml까지 검출할 수 있었다. 동물용생 바이러스 백신에 대해 PCR기법의 적용가능성을 평가하기 위해, 돼지 전염성위장염 및 로타바이러스 흔합백신과 개 파보바이러스 백신내에 A. laidlawii를 인공적으로 접종한 후, PCR기법의 민감도를 조사하였을 때 배양액을 이용한 검출한계와 유사하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 PCR 기법은 동물용 생 바이러스 백신내의 mycoplasma를 신속하고 민감하게 검출할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. We evaluated the PCR assay and two commercialized PCR kits for the detection of mycoplasma in veterinary via live vaccines. The PCR assay could specifically detect all the tested Mycoplasma spp. and Acholeplasma spp., whereas two commercialized PCR kits did not. Also, the specificity of the PCR assay showed that 4 reference strains and 7 field isolates belonging to avian mycoplasma species could be all detected. The sensitivity of the PCR assay was determined using pure cultured Mycoplasma spp. and Acholeplasma spp. with a range of 1 to 100 colony forming units/ml in 9 CFR Mycoplasma broth. To test the availability of the PCR assay for veterinary live viral vaccines, A. laidlawii was artificially inoculated into the swine transmissible gastroenteritis-rota virus combined vaccine and canine parvovirus vaccine, respectively and the sensitivity of the PCR assay was similar with the result of cultured samples. In this study, the PCR assays could be used as rapid and sensitive methods for the detection of mycoplasma in veterinary live viral vaccines.

우리나라 폐사 야생조류에서의 농약 분석

김미경,윤선종,김동규,봉영훈,김희진,장정희,정갑수,Kim, MeeKyung,Yun, Seon Jong,Kim, Dong-Gyu,Bong, Young-Hoon,Kim, Heuijin,Jang, Jung-Hee,Chung, Gab-Soo 대한수의학회 2008 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.48 No.2

Pesticides are extensively used for the control of crop pests in agriculture and forestry. Organophosphate (OP) and carbamate pesticides are especially effective for the control of a variety of harmful insects. However, these cholinesterase inhibitors are also dangerous to non-target organisms (wildlife and other animals) because of their high acute toxicity. Most poisonings by pesticides occur as a result of misuse or accidental exposure, but intentional killing of unwanted animals also occurs. At the request of a local autonomous entity, we investigated wild bird poisonings by pesticides from 2003 to 2007. The 207 suspicious samples of pesticide poisoning based on the necropsy were analyzed by GC/NPD, GC/FPD, or GC/MSD. We looked for trends in the identification of pesticides in wild birds thought to have died from poisoning. Pesticides were determined in 59% of the total samples analyzed. Phosphamidon and monochrotophos were the most common pesticides identified, which amounted to 77% of the subtotal. Other OP and carbamate pesticides were also found in various concentrations from dead wild birds. The determined rates of pesticides were as high as 86% and 76% in 2003 and 2006, respectively, during an outbreak of avian influenza in Korea.

개 코로나바이러스 불활화 백신에 대한 개와 기니픽 간의 면역반응 비교

안동준,김병한,정병열,이철현,전우진,이필수,정갑수,An, Dong-jun,Kim, Byoung-han,Jung, Byeong-yeal,Yi, Chul-hyun,Jeon, Woo-jin,Lee, Pil-soo,Chung, Gab-soo 대한수의학회 2005 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.45 No.2

Canine coronavirus (CCV) causes a mild gastroenteritis in dogs. The virus is highly contagious. Although the virus was isolated more than thirty years ago, canine coronavirus infection continues to be a widespread problem. Mixed infections with both CCV and canine parvovirus (CPV) are common. Four kinds of commercial killed CCV vaccines are available in Korea. All the commercial vaccines should pass the National Assay for Veterinary Biologicals prior to release. For the potency test of CCV vaccine, it is necessary to use CCV antibody free dogs. The test requires not only kennels but high cost. To develop easy, efficient and economic potency test method for killed CCV vaccine using laboratory animals, a series of experiments with rabbits and guinea pigs were carried out in this study. In the preliminary test, the guinea pigs showed better immune responses than rabbits. The guinea pig was also easy to manage. So guinea pig was selected for the potency test animals. When the guinea pigs were inoculated twice with one dose of vaccine intramuscuarly each, slower and a little lower SN antibody titers were induced in guinea pigs than in dogs (about 2 kg body weight Beagle strain) given the same posology as guinea pigs'. It was concluded that guinea pigs could be substituted for dogs in the potency test of killed CCV vaccine.