인삼 근권 토양에서 분리한 Stenotrophomonas sp. 4KR4의 Ginsenoside Rb1 전환능 및 분류학적 특성

전인화,조건영,한송이,유선균,황경숙,Jeon, In-Hwa,Cho, Geon-Yeong,Han, Song-Ih,Yoo, Sun Kyun,Whang, Kyung-Sook 한국미생물학회 2013 미생물학회지 Vol.49 No.4

인삼 근계(근권, 근면, 근내부)로부터 ginsenoside Rb1 전환효소인 ${\beta}$-glucosidase 생산 균주(BGB)를 분리하였다. 인삼 근계부터 분리된 BGB 28균주의 계통학적 특성을 확인한 결과, 근권에서 Stenotrophomonas 속(3균주), Pseudoxanthomonas 속(1균주), Bacillus 속(1균주)로 확인되었다. 근면로부터 분리된 BGB는 Stenotrophomonas 속(16균주), Streptomyces 속(1균주), Microbacterium 속(1균주)이며, 근내부는 Stenotrophomonas 속(3균주), Lysobacter 속(2균주)를 포함하는 다양한 계통군이 확인 되었다. 특히 인삼 근계로부터 분리된 BGB 균주의 90%가 Stenotrophomonas 계통군에 속하는 특징을 나타내었다. 근권으로부터 분리된 4KR4 균주는 108.17 unit의 ${\beta}$-glucosidase 활성을 나타내었으며, ginsenoside Rb1을 Rd, Rg3 그리고 minor ginsenoside Rh2로 전환되었다. 4KR4 균주는 Stenotrophomonas rhizophila e-$p10^T$ (AJ293463)와 99.65%의 높은 상동성을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 분리된 ginsenoside 전환세균 4KR4 균주의 계통학적 위치와 표현형적 특징, 균체 지방산조성, 생리 생화학적 특성을 검토한 결과, Stenotrophomonas sp. 4KR4 (=KACC 17635) 균주로 확인되었다. We isolated the ${\beta}$-glucosidase producing bacteria (BGB) in ginseng root system (rhizosphere soil, rhizoplane, inside of root). Phylogenetic analysis of the 28 BGB based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, BGB from rhizosphere soil belong to genus Stenotrophomonas (3 strains), Bacillus (1 strain), and Pseudoxanthomonas (1 strain). BGB isolates from rhizoplane were Stenotrophomonas (16 strains), Streptomyces (1 strain) and Microbacterium (1 strain). BGB from inside of root were categorized into Stenotrophomonas (3 strains) and Lysobacter (2 strains). Especially, Stenotrophomonas comprised the largest portion (approximately 90%) of total isolates and Stenotrophomonas was a dominant group of the ${\beta}$-glucosidase producing bacteria. We selected strain 4KR4, which had high ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity (108.17 unit), could transform ginsenoside Rb1 into Rd, Rg3, and Rh2 ginsenosides. In determining its relationship on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence, 4KR4 strain was most closely related to Stenotrophomonas rhizophila e-$p10^T$ (AJ293463) (99.62%). Therefore, on the basis of these polyphasic taxonomic evidence, the ginsenoside Rb1 converting bacteria 4KR4 was identified as Stenotrophomonas sp. 4KR4 (=KACC 17635).

고종시 감나무 부위별 수용성 추출물의 항산화 및 항염 활성

전인화(In Hwa Jeon),강현주(Hyun Ju Kang),이현서(Hyun-Seo Lee),신준호(Jun Ho Shin),박용균(Yong Gyoun Park),정승일(Seung-Il Jeong),장선일(Seon Il Jang) 한국식품과학회 2014 한국식품과학회지 Vol.46 No.4

본 연구는 고종시 감나무 부위별 수용성 추출물의 항산화 및 항염증에 대한 효과를 조사하였다. 감꼭지와 감잎은 DPPH, ABTS 및 NO 등 라디칼을 효과적으로 제거하는 활성뿐만 아니라 환원력도 우수한 항산화 활성을 보였다. 또한 LPS에 의해 활성화된 설치류 유래 대식세포주인 RAW 264.7 세포에서 NO 생성억제는 감꼭지 추출물이 가장 우수하였지만, PGE₂ 생성의 경우 모든 부위의 추출물에서 탁월한 억제 효과가 있었다. 더욱이 활성화된 RAW 264.7 세포에서 감꼭지, 감잎 및 감껍질 추출물은 농도에 의존적으로 TNF-α와 IL-1β를 효과적으로 억제하였다. 이러한 결과는 고종시 감나무 부위별 추출물 중 감꼭지와 감잎은 항산화제뿐만 아니라 항염증에 효과적인 물질이라는 것을 제시해주었고, 감껍질의 경우 비록 항산화 효과는 낮았지만, 우수한 항염효과를 나타내는 물질임을 제시해주었다. 그러므로 고종시 감나무수용성 추출물은 항산화와 항염 기능을 발휘할 수 있는 식품으로 활용될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다. Kojongsi persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) is the major cultivar of dried persimmon in Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of water-soluble extracts from the calyx (PCE), peel (PPE) and leaf (PLE) of Kojongsi persimmon. PCE showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents. In addition, the antioxidant activities (diphenylpicrylhydrazyl, 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), nitric oxide and reducing power) of PCE were higher than those of PPE and PLE. Moreover, PCE, PPE and PLE significantly suppressed the production of inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide and prostaglandinE₂) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interluekin-1β) by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. PCE showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, these results suggest that the calyx of Kojongsi persimmon may be highly valuable as a natural product owing to its high-quality functional components as well as its-antioxidant, antiinflammatory activities.

고욤(Diospyros lotus)잎 유래 Ethyl Acetate 분획물의 항산화 및 항가려움 활성

전인화(In Hwa Jeon),강현주(Hyun Ju Kang),김상준(Sang Jun Kim),정승일(Seung Il Jeong),이현서(Hyun-Seo Lee),장선일(Seon Il Jang) 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.43 No.11

본 연구는 고욤잎 유래 EA 분획물의 항산화 및 항가려움 활성을 조사하였다. EA 분획물은 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성이 수용성 및 MeOH 추출물보다 매우 우수하였을 뿐만 아니라 합성 항산화제인 BHT보다 현저히 높았다. 또한 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성도 수용성과 MeOH 추출물뿐만 아니라 Trolox보다 현저히 높았다. 본 연구에 사용된 EA 분획물과 수용성 및 MeOH 추출물은 세포에 대한 독성이 없었다. 또한 EA 분획물은 농도에 의존적으로 활성화된 비만세포로부터 히스타민 방출 억제와 TNF-α 생성 억제 효과가 있었으며, 같은 농도에서 수용성 및 MeOH 추출물보다 억제 효과가 우수하였다. 더욱이 EA 분획물은 농도 의존적으로 compound 48/80으로 유도된 가려움증을 효과적으로 억제하는 활성이 있었고, 같은 농도에서 항가려움 약제로 알려진 azelastine보다는 그 효과가 낮았지만 수용성 및 MeOH 추출물뿐만 아니라 methysergide보다 우수한 항가려움 효과를 발휘하였다. 앞으로 이러한 항가려움 효과에 대한 EA 분획물의 분자적 작용기전을 규명해야 할 필요가 있으며, 고욤잎 유래 EA 분획물은 강력한 항산화 및 항가려움 활성을 지닌 우수한 소재라 사료된다. Diospyros lotus has been cultivated for its edible fruits, which are considered to have medicinal importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antipruritic activities of water-soluble, methanol extract, and ethyl acetate (EA) fractions from D. lotus leaves. The EA fraction showed the lowest IC50 vale (DPPH: 5.3 μg/mL, ABTS: 53.8 μg/mL). Therefore, we further investigated anti-inflammatory and antipruritic effects of the EA fraction. TNF-α production increased by PMA plus A23187 treatment was significantly inhibited by the EA fraction in a dose-dependent manner. The EA fraction also inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells stimulated by compound 48/80, which promotes histamine release. Furthermore, EA fraction had inhibitory effects on scratching behavior induced by compound 48/80 in Balb/c mice. These results suggest that the EA fraction from D. lotus leaves has potential as ameliorative agent against oxidative stress and pruritus-related disease.

인삼 근계로부터 다당 생성세균의 분리 및 특성

조건영,전인화,한송이,황경숙,Cho, Geon-Yeong,Jeon, In-Hwa,Han, Song-Ih,Whang, Kyung-Sook 한국미생물학회 2013 미생물학회지 Vol.49 No.3

인삼근계(근권, 근면, 근내부) 내 EPS 생성세균의 밀도를 측정한 결과, 근권토양 내에는 $2.4{\times}10^6$ CFU/g, 근면에는 $9.1{\times}10^6$ CFU/g, 그리고 근내부에는 $2.0{\times}10^4$ CFU/g로 확인되어 다수의 EPS 생성세균이 분포하고 있음이 확인되었다. 인삼 근계로부터 EPS 생성 우수 균주 24균주를 순수분리하고 계통학적 특성을 확인한 결과, 근권(RS)으로부터 분리된 EPS 생성세균은 Arthrobacter 속 6균주, 그리고 Rhizobium 속 1균주로 나타났다. 근면(RP)으로 부터 분리된 EPS 생성세균은 Arthrobacter 속 6균주, Rhodococcus 속 1균주, Pseudomonas 속 1균주로 나타났다. 근내부(IR)에서 분리된 EPS 생성세균은 Rhizobium 속 6균주, Bacillus 속 1균주 그리고 Rhodococcus 속 1균주, Pseudomonas 속 1균주로 나타났다. 근권과 근면에서 분리된 EPS 세균 중 Arthrobacter 속에 속하는 균주는 가장 특징적인 세균으로 밝혀졌으며, Rhizobium 속은 근내부에서 분리된 가장 특징적인 EPS 생성세균으로 나타났다. EPS 생성 우수균주 Rhizobium sp. 1NP2 (KACC 17637)는 10 g/L 그리고 Arthrobacter sp. 5MP1 (KACC 17636)는 4.9 g/L의 다당을 생성하였으며, 당단백질의 구성당 성분을 확인한 결과, galactose, glucose, mannose를 구성하고 있었으며, glucosamine의 아미노당이 나타났다. 특히, glucose는 72.7-84.9%로 주요 구성당임이 확인되었다. EPS producing bacteria were enumerated in ginseng root system (rhizosphere soil, rhizoplane, inside of root). EPS producing bacterial density of rhizosphere soil, rhizoplane and inside of root were distributed $9.0{\times}10^6$ CFU/g, $7.0{\times}10^6$ CFU/g, and $1.4{\times}10^3$ CFU/g, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the 24 EPS producing isolates based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, EPS producing isolates from rhizosphere soil (RS) belong to genus Arthrobacter (6 strains) and Rhizobium (1 strain). EPS producing bacteria from rhizoplane (RP) were Arthrobacter (6 strains), Rhodococcus (1 strain) and Pseudomonas (1 strain). EPS producing bacteria from inside of root (IR) were categorized into Rhzobium (6 strains), Bacillus (1 strain), Rhodococcus (1 strain), and Pseudomonas (1 strain). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Arthrobacter may be a member of representative EPS producing bacteria from ginseng rhizosphere soil and rhizoplane, and Rhizobium is typical EPS producing isolates from inside of ginseng root. The yield of EPS was 10.0 and 4.9 g/L by Rhizobium sp. 1NP2 (KACC 17637) and Arthrobacter sp. 5MP1 (KACC 17636). The purified EPS were analyzed by Bio-LC and glucose, galactose, mannose and glucosamine were detected. The major EPS sugar of these strains was glucose (72.7-84.9%).

고욤(Diospyros lotus L.)잎 Ethyl Acetate 분획물의 멜라닌형성 억제 효과

최병민,전인화,김상준,유강열,장선일 한국생약학회 2014 생약학회지 Vol.45 No.3

Diospyros lotus has been cultivated for its edible fruits and leaves which are considered for its medicinal importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-melanogenesis of ethyl acetate (EA) fractions from D. lotus leaves in B16 cells. The order of the total polyphenol content with regard to the different solvent fractions from D. lotus leaves was EA>butanol>metahanol>chloroform> n-hexane. The major compounds of EA fraction from D. lotus leaves by HPLC analysis were myricitrin and myricetin. Cellular TYR activity and melanin content in response to treatment with 100 mg/mL of EA fraction was inhibited more strongly than group treated with arbutin. Further, EA fraction exhibited significant anti-melanogenesis effects by reducing the levels of microphthalima-associated transcription factor (MITE), inhibiting the synthesis of TYR, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) and TRP-2. Therefore, EA fractions from D. lotus leaves may be a good source of skin-whitening agents in the future development of medicine-based trouble skin therapy.

고욤(Diospyros lotus L.)잎 추출물의 항알레르기 및 항가려움 효과

김현수,장선일,전인화,목지예,강현주,신준호,박용균,정승일 한국생약학회 2013 생약학회지 Vol.44 No.1

The worldwide prevalence and severity of allergic diseases including atopic and contact dermatitis has increased dramatically over the past decade, especially in developed countries. Mast cells are important effector cells in allergic reactions. The purpose of this study was undertaken to investigate the anti-allergic and anti-pruritic effects of Diospyros lotus leaf extract (DLE). DLE was prepared by extracting with distilled water. In the present study, we investigated the effect of DLE on the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1α) and histamine in rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs), and on the skin lesion, leukocyte infiltration and scratching behavior in mice. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore A23187 significantly increased TNF-α and IL-1β production compared with media control. However, TNF-α and IL-6 production increased by PMA plus A23187 treatment were significantly inhibited by DLE in a dose-dependent manner. DLE also inhibited the histamine release from RPMCs stimulated by compound 48/80, which promotes histamine release. Moreover, DLE administration had an inhibitory effects on the scratching behavior induced by pruritogen (compound 48/80,histamine) in ICR mice. Furthermore, DLE inhibited the skin lesions, inflammatory and mast cells in hairless mice sensitized by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). DLE administration reduced the IL-4 and IgE production induced by DNFB sensitization in hairless mice. These results suggest that DLE has a potential use as a herb medicine for treatment against allergy and pruritusrelated disease.

Accumulation of γ‑linolenic acid and stearidonic acid in rapeseeds that heterologously express the Phytophthora citrophthora Δ6 desaturase gene

이경렬,유하미,전인화,김경환,박종숙,이주호,김현욱 한국식물생명공학회 2019 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.13 No.4

Most oilseeds contain polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) that are important essential fatty acids for human health. γ-Linolenic acid (GLA) and stearidonic acid (SDA), synthesized from LA and ALA by Δ6 desaturase, respectively, are mainly obtained from algae and fish. Given the benefits of GLA and SDA to human health, many researchers have investigated ways to produce these fatty acids in oilseed crops. Canola-type oilseed rape (Brassica napus), widely cultivated in temperate and microthermal zones, accumulates oleic acid to a relatively greater extent (60–70% oleic acid content) than do other oilseed crops. We transformed the Phytophthora citrophthora Δ6 desaturase (PcD6DES) gene under the control of seed-specific vicilin into canola-type oilseed rape ‘Youngsan’. D6DES products (GLA, SDA, and 18:2Δ6,9) accumulated in mature PcD6DES-transformed rapeseeds and leaves. D6DES products of PcD6DES rapeseeds were over 20% in T1 and more than 25% in T2. Expression levels of the PcD6DES gene and the content of D6DES products coincided with each other and were related to expression levels and fatty acid composition in leaves and developing seeds 15, 25, 35, and 45 days after flowering. Seed weights of PcD6DES rapeseeds were not lower than those of Youngsan. In this study, PcD6DES oilseed rapes accumulated GLA, SDA, and putative 18:2Δ6,9 content to a maximum of 25% in the seed oil. Results show that PcD6DES rapeseed oil can potentially be used as a health food to improve human health.

염화제2철이 유도하는 경동맥 손상 렛트 모델에서 상엽 추출물의 혈행개선 효과

강현주(Hyun Ju Kang),전인화(In Hwa Jeon),권태오(Tae Oh Kwon),최지원(Jiwon Choi),김성주(Sung Zoo Kim),장선일(Seon Il Jang) 한의병리학회 2014 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.28 No.6

사매 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 및 항염증 효과

이덕재(Deok Jae Lee),전인화(In Hwa Jeon),김현수(Hyeon Soo Kim),조일영(Il Young Cho),장선일(Seon Il Jang) 한의병리학회 2012 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.26 No.1

임자잎과 모과 에탄올 추출물의 피부 가려움증 억제 효과

김현수(Hyeon Soo Kim),전인화(In Hwa Jeon),목지예(Ji Ye Mok),강현주(Hyun Ju Kang),장선일(Seon Il Jang) 한의병리학회 2012 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.26 No.3