사선 / 사선을 돌파하고!! (2)

전인철 기독교대한성결교회 활천사 1924 활천 Vol.25 No.-

후면(프리폼가공) 디자인과 전면(몰드가공)디자인의 누진굴절력렌즈 비교분석

전인철,김학준,고경호,장만호,마기중 대한시과학회 2011 대한시과학회지 Vol.13 No.2

목적: 본 연구에서는 기존 몰드 방식의 전면 누진굴절력렌즈(PAL)와 프리폼 가공의 후면 누진굴절력렌즈를 착용하였을 때 시기능의 개선 및 시력 만족도를 비교하였다. 방법: 전신질환이나 안질환이 없고 굴절이상 수술 또는 사시수술 병력이 없는 자로 43세에서 64세 사이 의 성인 21명(남자 11명, 여자 10명)을 대상으로 현성 굴절상태에서 자각식 및 타각식 검사를 실시하여 굴절 이상을 측정하였다. 기존 몰드 방식의 전면 PAL와 프리폼 가공 후면 PAL 를 10일간 격일로 착용시킨 후 처음 착용과 착용 10일 후의 각 렌즈에 대한 만족도를 설문을 통해 비교 평가하였다. 결과: 후면 및 전면 PAL에 대하여 착용 1일째와 10일째 시력의 만족도를 비교한 결과 원거리의 선명도 는 후면 PAL가 7.81점과 7.67점이었고, 전면 PAL는 7.05점과 5.38점(t=2.921, p=0.008)이었다. 원거리 주변부 시야는 후면 PAL가 7.52점과 6.86점이었고, 전면 PAL는 6.52점과 5.38점(t=2.434, p=0.024)이었다. 중간거리의 선명도는 후면 PAL가 7.81점과 7.62점이었고, 전면 PAL는 6.67점과 4.62점(t=2.815, p=0.011) 이었다. 중간거리의 주변부 시야는 후면 PAL가 7.38점과 6.71점이었고, 전면 PAL는 6.52점과 4.67점 (t=4.349, p=0.0003)이었다. 근거리의 선명도는 후면 PAL가 6.67점과 7.48점이었고, 전면 PAL는 6.10점 과 7.46점(t=2.156, p=0.043)이었다. 근거리의 주변부 시야는 후면 PAL가 6.62점과 6.95점이었고, 전면 PAL는 6.05점과 4.43점(t=3.442, p=0.003)이었다. 시선을 이동할 때 자연스러움은 후면 PAL가 7.24점과 7.43점이었고, 전면 PAL는 6.48점과 4.24점(t=3.420, p=0.003)이었다. 불편함에 대한 적응도는 후면 PAL 가 7.05점과 7.86점이었고, 전면 PAL는 6.29점과 4.57점(t=3.151, p=0.005)이었다. 외부활동 시 어지러움은 후면 PAL가 7.10점과 7.95점이었고, 전면 PAL는 6.14점과 4.62점(t=2.591, p=0.017)이었다. 울렁거림 현상은 후면 PAL가 7.19점과 7.86점이었고, 전면 PAL는 6.05점과 4.05점(t=3.534, p=0.002)이었다. 결론: 자각적 만족도와 적응도는 후면 누진굴절력렌즈가 전면 누진굴절력렌즈보다 높게 나타났고, 착용 1일째와 10일째의 전반적인 만족도를 비교한 결과 후면 누진굴절력렌즈는 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 전면 누 진굴절력렌즈는 시간이 지날수록 만족도가 유의하게 저하되었다. 후면 누진굴절력렌즈가 전면 누진굴절력렌즈에 비해 자각적 만족도와 적응도가 전반적으로 우수한 것으로 나타났다. Purpose: The purpose of this study was compared fine difference of improvements and satisfactions of vision when wearing the existing mold`s front PAL`s and the back surface PAL`s. Method: The refractive error was measured in 21 normal subjects(male 11, female 10) between 43 and 64 years of age using the dry subjective refraction and auto-refraction. The difference of improvements and satisfactions of vision were estimated by using questionnaires for 10 days. Results: The score for distance vision of back surface PAL`s in first visit and final visit were 7.81 and 7.67, and the front PAL`s in first visit and final visit were 7.05 and 5.38(t=2.921, p=0.008), respectively. The peripheral distance vision of back surface PAL`s in first visit and final visit were 7.52 and 6.86, and the front PAL`s in first and final visit were 6.52 and 5.38(t=2.434, p=0.024), respectively. The middle distance vision of back surface PAL`s in first visit and final visit were 7.81 and 7.62, and the front PAL`s in first and final visit were 6.67 and 4.62(t=2.815, p=0.011), respectively. The peripheral intermediate vision of back surface PAL`s in first visit and final visit were 7.38 and 6.71, and the front PAL`s in first and final visit were 6.52 and 4.67(t=4.349, p=0.0003), respectively. The near vision of back surface PAL`s in first visit and final visit were 6.67 and 7.48, and the front PAL`s in first and final visit were 6.10 and 7.46(t=2.156, p=0.043), respectively. The peripheral near vision of back surface PAL`s in first visit and final visit were 6.62 and 6.95, and the front PAL`s in first and final visit were 6.05 and 4.43(t=3.442, p=0.003), respectively. The stability and naturalness of back surface PAL`s in first visit and final visit were 7.24 and 7.43, and the front PAL`s in first and final visit were 6.48 and 4.24(t=3.420, p=0.003), respectively. The peripheral near vision of back surface PAL`s in first visit and final visit were 6.62 and 6.95, and the front PAL`s in first and final visit were 6.05 and 4.43(t=3.442, p=0.003), respectively. The adaptation for uncomfortable with back surface PAL`s in first visit and final visit were 7.05 and 7.86, and the front PAL`s in first and final visit were 6.29 and 4.57(t=3.151, p=0.005), respectively. The dizziness with back surface PAL`s in first visit and final visit were 7.10 and 7.95, and the front PAL`s in first and final visit were 6.14 and 4.62(t=2.591, p=0.017), respectively. The swimming effect with back surface PAL`s in first visit and final visit were 7.19 and 7.86, and the front PAL`s in first and final visit were 6.05 and 4.05(t=3.534, p=0.002), respectively. Conclusion: The subjective satisfaction and adaptation in back surface PAL`s is higher than that of front surface PAL`s. The general satisfaction of first visit and final visit were not showed significant difference in back surface PAL`s, but the general satisfaction for front surface PAL`s were showed significant decrease with increasing wearing time. Therefore, there is considered that the subjective satisfaction and adaptation in back surface PAL`s generally is better than that of front surface PAL`s.

시력보정용 안경렌즈의 기계적 강도 시험

전인철,김학준,마기중 대한시과학회 2012 대한시과학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Purpose: To test the mechanical strength and to evaluate safety of uncut finished spectacle lenses available on domestic market, and to suggest fundamental data for regulating guideline of quality control. Methods: We collected 240 uncut finished spectacle lenses made by two kinds of materials(120 lenses of NK 55 material, n = 1.56 and 120 lenses of MR 8 material, n = 1.60) to test mechanical strength by two different standards. We tested mechanical strength of uncut finished spectacle lenses by using ISO standards and U.S.A. FDA standards (ANSI Z80.1-410 FDA. Sec 801-410) regulation. Results: In the quasi-static loading type test, 6 of 60 lenses were made of NK 55 material were not passed because of fracture or deformation, but all of 60 lenses were made of MR 8 material were satisfied criteria for mechanical strength. 14 of 60 lenses(NK 55 material) and 8 of 60 lenses(MR 8 material) were not passed in drop ball test because of cracked, perforated, and broken. Conclusion: To ensure against risk related to mechanical strength, the ophthalmic lenses should be manufactured at least with required center thickness for withstanding against mechanical impact. Also the appropriate regulation should be applied to uncut finished spectacle lenses. 목 적: 국내에서 유통되고 있는 안경렌즈의 기계적 강도를 측정하고 안전성을 평가하여 품질관리를 위한 가이드라인의 제정을 위한 기초 자료를 제시하고자 한다. 방 법 : 두 가지 기준으로 기계적 강도를 평가하기 위해 NK 55 재질(n = 1.56)과 MR 8 재질(n = 1.60)로 제조된 렌즈를 각각 120개씩 모두 240개의 렌즈를 선정하였다. 기계적 강도는 ISO 기준에서 제시하는 정하중 검사와 미국 FDA의 기준(ANSI Z80.1-410 FDA. Sec 801-410)에 제시되어 있는 낙하구 시험을 실시하였다. 결 과 : 정하중 시험을 실시한 대상 시료 120개 중 NK 55 재질(n=1.56) 60개 렌즈의 10%인 6개가 파쇄 또는 변형이 있어 부적합 판정을 받았으며, MR 8 재질(n=1.60)은 대상 시료 60개 모두 판정 기준을 통과하였다. 낙하구 시험을 실시한 120개의 렌즈에서 NK 55 재질(n=1.56) 60개 렌즈 중 14개가 크랙, 관통 또는 깨짐이 있어 부적합 판정을 받았으며, MR 8 재질(n=1.60)은 대상 시료 60개 중 8개가 부적합한 것으로 나타났다. 결 론 : 안경렌즈의 기계적강도와 관련하여 안전성을 확보하기 위해서는 기계적 충격을 견딜 수 있도록 일정 두께 이상으로 제조되고 이에 대한 기준규격이 엄격하게 적용되어야 할 것이다.

근거리 주시각도에 따른 조절과 폭주기능의 변화

전인철,김학준,김동필,마기중 대한시과학회 2012 대한시과학회지 Vol.14 No.3

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of convergence and accommodative function in 3 different direction of gaze at near. Method : The subjects were 49 adults(24.51±2.82yrs.) who had over 0.9 of visual acuity at distance and near and did not have any ocular diseases. We measured horizontal and vertical heterophoria, vergence and amplitude of accommodation at near with 3 different gazes(primary, upward to 25cm and downward to 25cm gazes). Result : In the upward gaze, the amplitude of accommodation and convergence were no significant difference. However, there was increased the amplitude of accommodation(binocular 1.58D, right 1.54D, left 0.99D) and heterophoria(0.69△ exo) in the down gaze. But there was decreased the PFV(4.38△) and vertical vergence(supra 0.55△, infra 0.88△) in the down gaze. Conclusion : The results of phoria, vergence and accommodation are changed depend on each 3 different gazes. Thus, changes in visual function of subjects due to taking the work environment should be considered when prescribing is considered. 목 적 : 근거리에서 주시각도를 달리하여 사위도와 폭주기능 및 조절력을 측정하고, 주시각도에 따라 그 결과에 차이가 있는지 알아보고자 한다. 방 법 : 전신질환이나 안질환이 없고 원거리와 근거리 교정시력이 0.9 이상인 성인 49명(24.51±2.82세)을 대상으로 근거리(40cm)에서 정면, 상방 25cm 그리고 하방 25cm에 시표를 위치시킨 상태에서 수평사위, 수직사위, 수평융합버전스, 수직융합버전스 및 조절력을 측정하였다. 결 과 : 제1안위를 기준으로 상방주시에서는 유의한 변화가 없었지만, 하방주시에서는 수평사위도는 0.69△ 외사위 방향으로 증가하였고, 양안 조절력은 1.58D, 우안과 좌안 조절력은 각각 1.54D와 0.99D 증가하였다. 근거리 수평방향의 양성융합력은 하방주시에서 4.38△, 근거리 수직융합력은 상방주시와 하방주시에서 각각 0.55△과 0.88△ 감소하였다. 결 론 : 주시각도에 따라 사위도, 융합력 및 조절력은 달라진다. 따라서 시기능을 평가할 때 피검자의 작업환경에 따른 시기능의 변화를 고려할 필요가 있다고 사료된다.

The Effectiveness of External Support on Hip Abduction Strength in Subjects with Insufficient Core Stability

전인철 KEMA학회 2022 근골격계과학기술학회 Vol.6 No.2

Background The core stability is important for the performance of hip joint in the standing position. However, little research in comparison of the hip abductor strength in the standing position according to core stability has been reported. Purpose Core stability was important to manage chronic lower back pain and improve standing balance. This study investigated the influence of core stability on hip abductor strength in standing. Study design A parallel-groups design Methods 34 subjects with sufficient and insufficient core stability between 20–31 years. Hip abductor strength was measured using Smart KEMA tensiometer, with subjects between sufficient and insufficient core stability. Two groups were classified by using the double bent leg lowering test. The hip abductor strength were measured in standing with and without an external support. The two-way mixed analysis of variance was applied. Results In the group with insufficient core stability, The hip abductor strength in standing was greater with external support than the condition without external support. No significant difference was found in the hip abductor strength in the subjects with sufficient core stability between the conditions with and without external support. Conclusions The performance of the hip abductor strength can be influenced by core stability in standing. In the group with insufficient core stability, the hip abduction strength in standing is better with external support, as compared to the condition without external support. Therefore, core stability exercise can be recommended in individuals with insufficient core stability to improve the hip abductor performance in standing.

賞罰이 Personality形成과 學習效果에 關한 硏究

全寅哲 龍仁大學校 1985 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

The aim of this study is to examine the influence of the environmental variables and the learner's over the degree of learning achievement on the promise that all human actions are made within his environment and situations and are products of the interaction between the individual and his environment. Especially the main subject of the research on the influence of the reward and punishment both physical and mental over the learner's formation of personality (sociability, impulsiveness, and character) and over learning effect resulted as follows. Firstly, both physical reward and mental reward were deeply related to the impulsiveness. Both physical punishment and mental punishment all showed a significant positive correlation with sociability. Secondly, compared with punishment, reward contributed to the increase of learning level and to the discrease of individual difference. When mental reward and physical reward are given simultaneously, the learning level and individual difference showed a significant change in the learning behaviour. Thirdly, reward and punishment given to respective individual variable became active motives and reinforcement. Physical reward equaled or was superior to physical punishment in learning behaviour. Lastly, sociability and impulsiveness are deeply related to learning. Practice of proper rewatd and punishment with a positive correlation to these variables resulted in a significant change in learning level and individual difference.

職場敎育에 있어서 職場體育活動의 現況

全寅哲 龍仁大學校 1989 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.5 No.-

A man with a job spends much of a day in his company.Vocational education is necessary for the production of personnel required of the company.Among leisure and recreation, sports activities, enhancement of workmen's health, bone setting for unbalanced body, annulment of stress, and improvement of operation efficiency and productivity, sports activities for businessman are essential. With an understanding of current company sports conditions, some proposals for activitizing company sports are presented as follows. 1.The head of a company should have a deep interest in company sports for both improvement of operation efficiency and enhancement of health for the workers. 2.The act for the promotion of national health should be practised rightly. 3.Proper facilities and selection of teachers should be provided in advance, 4.Development of programs will lead to the wide spread of company sports

敎育社會學의 學問的 性格에 關한 再考

全寅哲 龍仁大學校 1995 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.11 No.-

The purpose of this thesis is to examine closely the characteristics of the sociology of education in the educational point of view. In order to do that, the thesis analyzes systematically the nature of the sociology of education, its formation and development, and applications of the Korean sociology of education. The sociology of education is 'to describe, explain, predict, and control' the process of education focused on the social nature of education. With this purpose the sociology of education started as the educational sociology which tended to be a science of its its own ; and since the middle of the 20th century, it has developed into the new sociology of education. Whether the study of the sociology of education tried to improve the practice of education under the lead of the educators, or develop the theory of sociology under the lead of the systematical effort to describe, explain, predict, control social phenomena of education in the educational point of view and to establish the study as an individual theory of education. One of the major causes for the indistinct nature of the sociology of deucation is, to say nothing of the established tendency of the study of the sociology of education which was a subordinate area of the sociology, that the study of the educational sociology led by the educators has neglected to explain social phenomena of education systematically, focusing excessively on the practical principles of education and development of prescriptions for the teachers and the teachers of the future, It would be meaningless to develop the principles and prescriptions to improve the educational practice, if there would be no theory to explain social phenomeana of education systematically and logically in the educational point of view. In conclusion, the future study of the sociology of education should try to establish an individual theory of education by examining social phenomana of education scientifically and logically in the educational point of view.

공익(公益)에 관한 이론과 판단근거

전인철 용인대학교 1998 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.15 No.-

안정피로 개선을 위한 조절이완장치의 임상성능 분석

전인철,김학준,노정훈,이항석,마기중 대한시과학회 2011 대한시과학회지 Vol.13 No.4

Purpose : To analyze the clinical performance of the accommodation release apparatus at VDT task, which has been designed to improve the asthenopia. Methods : We examined the refractive error, near and distant visual acuity, negative and positive fusional vergence at near, near point of convergence, amplitude of accommodation, binocular and monocular accommodative facility for 30 subjects(mean age 26.5±4.8 years) without using accommodation release device(EK-075/30, STech, Co., kor.) and with using EK before and after VDT task. They were analyzed about their general health conditions, basic information in regards to VDT,detectible symptoms, and apparatus utilization related items were researched and analyzed through a 4-stage survey. Results : From the exam after VDT without EK, refractive error was also significantly increased and the near visual acuity reduced. The distance and near phoria increased in the direction of the eso-phoria but binocular and monocular accommodative facility were significantly reduced both. From the exam for after VDT with EK, refractive error also, distance and near visual acuity,distance phoria did not show a statistically significant difference, but near phoria also increased in the direction of the eso, monocular accommodative facility was significantly increased. After VDT tasks with using EK, above transient myopia induced by nearwork and esophoria were shown as a decreasing growth. Accommodative facility resulting from the use of equipment rather seen as a result of increased accommodation and relaxation the effect of training that will feed. Conclusions : The visual functions were improved by wearing the accommodation release apparatus before and after VDT, and therefore it was assumed that wearing the device can lower chronic eye fatigue and can increase work efficiency; however, further studies are required in order to increase the preference for using the device. 목 적 : 안정피로 개선을 위해 고안된 조절이완장치를 사용하여 VDT 작업과 관련한 임상성능을 분석하고자 한다. 방 법 : 성인 30명(26.5±4.8세)을 대상으로 조절이완장치(EK-075/30, 에스테크(주), 한국)를 사용하지않은 상태에서 VDT 작업 전과 후 그리고 조절이완 장치를 착용 상태에서 VDT 작업 후에 굴절이상도, 원거리와 근거리의 시력 및 수평사위도, 폭주근점, 조절근점, 양안 및 단안 조절용이성, 융합버전스를 비교분석하였으며, 총 4단계의 설문을 통해 대상자의 전반적인 건강상태와 VDT 작업 관련 기본사항, VDT 작업 중느끼는 자각증상, 기기착용과 관련한 사항을 설문하였다. 결 과 : 조절이완장치를 사용하지 않은 상태에서 VDT 작업 후 굴절이상도가 유의하게 증가되었고 근거리 시력이 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 원거리 사위도와 근거리 사위도는 내사위 방향으로 유의하게 증가하였고 조절용이성은 양안과 단안 모두 유의하게 감소하였다. 조절이완장치를 사용한 상태에서의 VDT 작업후 굴절이상도, 원거리 시력, 근거리 시력, 원거리 사위도는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 근거리 사위도는 내사위 방향으로 증가하였고 단안 조절용이성도 유의하게 증가하였다. 결 론 : 조절이완장치의 착용으로 VDT 작업 후의 일시적인 근시화와 내사위의 증가가 감소되고 조절용이성이 증가된 결과로 보아 조절과 조절이완의 훈련 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다. 조절이완장치의 착용이근거리 작업과 관련한 안정피로를 경감시키고 근거리 작업효율을 향상시키며 나아가 삶의 질 향상에도 기여할 것이라고 생각된다.