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낭성 뇌동맥류의 파열과 연관된 전교통동맥의 드문 해부학적 변이
전요한,이상한,최상준,박지현,이종규,여남석 대한법의학회 2023 대한법의학회지 Vol.47 No.2
Although most cerebral aneurysms are considered as acquired degenerative lesions, diverse anatomical variations in the circle of Willis have been encountered, some of which may play an important role in lesion hemodynamics and pathogenesis. The coalescence of the small vascular plexus to form the anterior communicating artery at the 6-7-week embryological stage may lead to developmental variations, such as fenestration and duplication. Herein, we report a rare anatomical variant of the anterior communicating artery that was concomitantly identified with a ruptured aneurysm. Both the right and left anterior cerebral arteries were connected by three anterior communicating arteries. A vertical segmental artery was present and connected the two anterior communicating arteries, forming an H-shape or plexiform structure. Furthermore, a 0.6×0.4 cm-sized saccular aneurysm with antero-inferior projection was present in the middle anterior communicating artery. The combination of triplication and H-shape in the present case was compared to previously reported anatomical variants.
Colorectal epithelial neoplasm associated with gut-associated lymphoid tissue
전요한,안지현,장희경 대한병리학회 2020 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.54 No.2
Background: Colorectal epithelial neoplasm extending into the submucosal gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) can cause difficulties in the differential diagnosis. Regarding GALT-associated epithelial neoplasms, a few studies favor the term “GALT carcinoma” while other studies have mentioned the term “GALT-associated pseudoinvasion/epithelial misplacement (PEM)”. Methods: The clinicopathologic characteristics of 11 cases of colorectal epithelial neoplasm associated with submucosal GALT diagnosed via endoscopic submucosal dissection were studied. Results: Eight cases (72.7%) were in males. The median age was 59 years, and age ranged from 53 to 73. All cases had a submucosal tumor component more compatible with GALT-associated PEM. Eight cases (72.7%) were located in the right colon. Ten cases (90.9%) had a non-protruding endoscopic appearance. Nine cases (81.8%) showed continuity between the submucosal and surface adenomatous components. Nine cases showed (81.8%) focal defects or discontinuation of the muscularis mucosae adjacent to the submucosal GALT. No case showed hemosiderin deposits in the submucosa or desmoplastic reaction. No case showed single tumor cells or small clusters of tumor cells in the submucosal GALT. Seven cases (63.6%) showed goblet cells in the submucosa. No cases showed oncocytic columnar cells lining submucosal glands. Conclusions: Our experience suggests that pathologists should be aware of the differential diagnosis of GALT-associated submucosal extension by colorectal adenomatous neoplasm. Further studies are needed to validate classification of GALT-associated epithelial neoplasms.
전요 중앙대학교 법학연구원 문화.미디어.엔터테인먼트법연구소 2011 문화.미디어.엔터테인먼트 법 Vol.5 No.2
현재 중국은 사회변화의 특수한 시기에 처해있다. 사회의 개혁과정에서 여러 가지 문제가 동반하는 것은 당연하다고 본다. 일부 농촌부녀들은 토지제도개혁에서 제일 큰 약세집단으로 되고 그 토지권익은 큰 침해를 받고 있다. 또한 이러한 약세집단에 대한 법제도상의 보호가 결핍하고 예전의 전통문화의 영향으로 말미암아 농촌 부녀들의 권익이 침해를 받는 현상이 보편적으로 존재한다. 따라서 국가는 약세집단에 대한 특별한 보호제도를 제정하여야 하고, 권리구제방법을 정비하여야 하며, 부녀들의 합법적 권익이 실제로 보호되도록 하여야 한다. 我国正处于社会转型的特殊时期, 社会的改革必定会带来各种问题的产生, 部分农村妇女在土地制度变革中成为最大的弱势群体, 其土地权益受到严重的侵害。加之, 法律制度对弱势群体的保护存在缺失, 旧的文化传统影响严重, 从而导致农村妇女权益受侵害现象普遍存在。因此, 国家不仅需要对弱势群体制定不同的倾斜性保护制度, 还需要完善权利救济机制和途径, 将保障妇女合法权益落到实处。