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全尙武,康世鎭,康承桂,具秀會,李明馥 최신의학사 1972 最新醫學 Vol.15 No.4
This study was undertaken to find out the developmental features of the carotid artery and its branches measureing the external diameter of these arteries based upon 508 dissections of Korean fetuses, which were injected with 8% vinylite solution added 3% fast red B in acetone. The results were summerized as follows: 1. All of these arteries developed rapidly until the sixth month of the fetal period and thereafter they develooped regularly as that of the external form of the fetuses. 2. The order of the size of the arterial branches of the external carotid arteries in the full term fetuses was (1) the maxillary artery, (2) the occipital artery, (3) the superficial temporal artery, (4) the facial artery, (5) the superior thyroid artery, (6) the lingual artery, (7) the posterior auricular artery, (8) the ascending pharyngeal artery and (9) the sternocleidomastoid artery,
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全尙武,丁炳相,鄭鎭宇,李明馥 최신의학사 1972 最新醫學 Vol.15 No.4
The systematic studies on the esophageal branchs originated from the left gastric artery and other arterial branches of the celiac artery system were relatively few. This investigation was untertaken to find out the modus of the origins and distributions with their variants of the esophageal branches based upon 418 dissections of Korean fetuses, which were injected with 8% vinylite solution added 3% fast red B in acetone. The results were summerized as follows: 1. The number of the esophageal branches was from one to six branches and the cases which had two esopageal branches were most abundant. 2. The esophageal branches originated from the left gastric artery were appeared most abundant and the next orders were from the accessory left gastric, accessory left hepatic and the replaced left hopatic arteries. 3. The esophageal branches originated from the celiac artery, common hepatic artery, the splenic artery and the abdominal aorta were appeared few.
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Regulatory T-cell vaccination independent of auto-antigen
David W Pascual,Xinghong Yang,Kathryn Holderness,전상무,Massimo Maddaloni,Irina Kochetkova 생화학분자생물학회 2014 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.46 No.-
To date, efforts to treat autoimmune diseases have primarily focused on the disease symptoms rather than on the cause of the disease. In large part, this is attributed to not knowing the responsible auto-antigens (auto-Ags) for driving the self-reactivity coupled with the poor success of treating autoimmune diseases using oral tolerance methods. Nonetheless, if tolerogenic approaches or methods that stimulate regulatory T (Treg) cells can be devised, these could subdue autoimmune diseases. To forward such efforts, our approach with colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) fimbriae is to establish bystander immunity to ultimately drive the development of auto-Ag-specific Treg cells. Using an attenuated Salmonella vaccine expressing CFA/I fimbriae, fimbriae-specific Treg cells were induced without compromising the vaccine’s capacity to protect against travelers’diarrhea or salmonellosis. By adapting the vaccine’s anti-inflammatory properties, it was found that it could also dampen experimental inflammatory diseases resembling multiple sclerosis (MS) and rheumatoid arthritis. Because of this bystandereffect, disease-specific Treg cells are eventually induced to resolve disease. Interestingly, this same vaccine could elicit the required Treg cell subset for each disease. For MS-like disease, conventional CD25þ Treg cells are stimulated, but for arthritisCD39þ Treg cells are induced instead. This review article will examine the potential of treating autoimmune diseases without having previous knowledge of the auto-Ag using an innocuous antigen to stimulate Treg cells via the production of transforming growth factor-b and interleukin-10.
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