첨두 출력 1.5 kW급 준연속 이터븀 첨가 광섬유 레이저

전민지,정예지,김지원,정훈,Jeon, Minjee,Jung, Yeji,Kim, Jiwon,Jeong, Hoon 한국광학회 2016 한국광학회지 Vol.27 No.3

본 논문에서는 이터븀(Yb)이 첨가된 이중 클래딩 광섬유를 이용한 고출력 고품질 준연속 레이저 시스템에 대한 연구 개발과 레이저 특성에 대해 보고한다. 이론적 수치 모사를 통해 최적화된 준연속 레이저 발진 조건을 찾았고, 그것을 바탕으로 공진기 구조와 MOPA (Master-Oscillator Power-Amplifier) 구조를 가진 광섬유 레이저 시스템을 각각 구축하였다. 두 레이저 시스템 모두 10 Hz 반복률, 10 ms로 작동시킬 때 최고 평균 출력 >150 W, 첨두 출력 >1.5 kW 이상의 준연속 레이저 빔을 발생시키는데 성공하였고, 레이저 발진 특성 및 빔 특성을 각각 비교하였다. 그리고 향후 더 높은 출력을 얻기 위한 방법과 전망에 대해 논의할 것이다. High-power quasi-continuous-wave (qcw) operation in Yb-doped double-clad fiber lasers with near-diffraction-limited quality of the output beam is reported. Based on numerical simulation, we built a simple, all-fiberized Yb fiber laser, and a fiber-based master-oscillator power amplifier (MOPA). Both laser systems have successfully produced qcw output with average power greater than 150 W at 1080 nm and 10 ms pulse duration at 10 Hz repetition rate, corresponding to a peak power greater than 1.5 kW for 205 W of pump power at 976 nm. Laser performance, including beam quality and slope efficiency, was characterized in both configurations. Prospects for power scaling and applications are discussed.

Active Surveillance as an Effective Management Option for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma

전민지,김원구,김태용,송영기,김원배 대한내분비학회 2021 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.36 No.4

Active surveillance (AS) for low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has been accepted worldwide as safe and effective. Despite the growing acceptance of AS in the management of low-risk PTMCs, there are barriers to AS in real clinical settings, and itis important to understand and establish appropriate AS protocol from initial evaluation to follow-up. PTMC management strategiesshould be decided upon after careful consideration of patient and tumor characteristics by a multidisciplinary team of thyroid cancerspecialists. Patients should understand the risks and benefits of AS, participate in decision-making and follow structured monitoringstrategies. In this review, we discuss clinical outcomes of AS from previous studies, optimal indications and follow-up strategies forAS, and unresolved questions about AS.

Preclinical Models of Follicular Cell-Derived Thyroid Cancer: An Overview from Cancer Cell Lines to Mouse Models

전민지,Bryan R. Haugen 대한내분비학회 2022 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.37 No.6

The overall prognosis of thyroid cancer is excellent, but some patients have grossly invasive disease and distant metastases with limited responses to systemic therapies. Thus, relevant preclinical models are needed to investigate thyroid cancer biology and novel treatments. Different preclinical models have recently emerged with advances in thyroid cancer genetics, mouse modeling and newcell lines. Choosing the appropriate model according to the research question is crucial to studying thyroid cancer. This review will discuss the current preclinical models frequently used in thyroid cancer research, from cell lines to mouse models, and future perspectives on patient-derived and humanized preclinical models in this field.

『郁伽長者所問經』에서의 菩薩의 戒에 대한 小考

전민지 한국불교학회 2018 韓國佛敎學 Vol.87 No.-

Early Mahāyāna Sūtra demanded the preservation of strict precepts while emphasizing the practice of the Bodhisattva path. The Ugraparipṛcchā Sūtra preaches Mahāyāna Precepts that have to be practiced by lay Bodhisattvas as well as monastic Bodhisattvas. It suggests the Pañca-sīla as precepts that lay Bodhisattvas should observe and also the Four Noble Traditions as those that have to be preserved by monastic Bodhisattvas. As the Pañca-sīla, which lay Bodhisattvas should preserve, corresponds to the precepts of the Eight Purification Rituals of Uposatha, it demands highly intense cultivation equivalent to that of monastic Buddhists. The Four Noble Traditions of monastic Bodhisattvas is a lifestyle that clearly separates and distinguishes Bodhisattvas from monastic Bodhisattvas. To build up wisdom and move forward, monastic Bodhisattvas must practice four dhūta. 본고는 대승경전 중에서도 최초기의 대승계경이라고 할 수 있는 『욱가장자소문경』에 나타난 보살의 계행(戒行)을 고찰한다. 대승의 『욱가장자소문경』은 아함의 욱가장자를 등장시켜 재가보살과 출가보살이 실천해야할 대승계를 설한다. 재가보살이 지켜야 할 계로는 오계(五戒)를, 출가보살이 지켜야 할 계로는 사성종(四聖種)과 두타행(頭陀行)을 제시한다. 재가보살이 지켜야 할 오계는 팔재계의 계행에 준하는 것이어서, 출가자와 같은 철저한 수행의 실천을 의미한다. 특히 불사음계(不邪婬戒)는 내용적으로는 불사음이 아닌 불음(不婬)을 설하고 있어 재가보살에게 출가계를 요구한다고 할 수 있다. 출가보살의 사성종은 재가보살과 출가보살을 명확히 구분 짓는 소욕지족(少欲知足)의 생활방식이다. 사성종의 외형은 부파의 사의법(四依法)과 같지만, 형식적인 두타행보다는 출가보살이 지녀야할 바른 마음가짐을 내용으로 하는 것에 차이가 있다. 『욱가장자소문경』은 재가보살과 출가보살이 수지하는 계의 형식은 부파의 것을 따르면서, 대승적인 해석을 통해 대승만의 계행을 재창출하고 있다. 또한 대승계의 특징은 보살이 지니는 계상(戒相)의 지향점이 출가와 재가를 초월한 불도(佛道)에 있거나, 이타적 자비심[自利利他]에 있음을 확인할 수 있다.

Disease-Specific Mortality of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients in Korea: A Multicenter Cohort Study

전민지,김원구,김태혁,김희경,김보현,이현승,김은숙,김호수,김영남,김은희,김태용,김선욱,강호철,정재훈,송영기,김원배 대한내분비학회 2017 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.32 No.4

Background: Little is known regarding disease-specific mortality of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients and its risk factors in Korea. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a large multi-center cohort of thyroid cancer from six Korean hospitals and included 8,058 DTC patients who underwent initial surgery between 1996 and 2005. Results: Mean age of patients at diagnosis was 46.2±12.3 years; 87% were females. Most patients had papillary thyroid cancer (PTC; 97%) and underwent total thyroidectomy (85%). Mean size of the primary tumor was 1.6±1.0 cm. Approximately 40% of patients had cervical lymph node (LN) metastases and 1.3% had synchronous distant metastases. During 11.3 years of follow-up, 150 disease-specific mortalities (1.9%) occurred; the 10-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rate was 98%. According to the year of diagnosis, the number of disease-specific mortality was not different. However, the rate of disease-specific mortality decreased during the study period (from 7.7% to 0.7%). Older age (≥45 years) at diagnosis, male, follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) versus PTC, larger tumor size (>2 cm), presence of extrathyroidal extension (ETE), lateral cervical LN metastasis, distant metastasis and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage were independent risk factors of disease-specific mortality of DTC patients. Conclusion: The rate of disease-specific mortality of Korean DTC patients was 1.9%; the 10-year DSS rate was 98% during 1996 to 2005. Older age at diagnosis, male, FTC, larger tumor size, presence of ETE, lateral cervical LN metastasis, distant metastasis, and TNM stages were significant risk factors of disease-specific mortality of Korean DTC patients.

<<대보적경>> <우바리회>에 나타난 성문승과 보살승의 지계 차이

전민지,신성현 한국정토학회 2022 정토학연구 Vol.38 No.-

The Mahāyāna Precept has been researched as the opposing concept of the Śrāvakayāna Precept as a standard of the independent Mahāyāna body. However, as it was revealed through recent studies that Mahāyānists commonly reside within sects, it became necessary to reexamine the Sūtra of the Mahāyāna Commandments. This article reviewed the 「Upāliparipṛcchā」 and verified contents that state that the Mahāyāna Precept can be mistaken as a standard for independent religious bodies. In sum, the pārājika(波羅夷) and saṁghādisesa(僧殘) as prescribed in the Mahāyāna Precept along with associated laws of punishment are unrelated to behavior norms set for the operation of religious bodies. The Mahāyāna Precept puts cetanakarma into the pāṭimokkha(波羅提木叉) and asserts it as a norm for Buddhist saints. Furthermore, it specifies the difference between the violated Precepts of Śrāvakayāna and Bodhisattvayāna. This results in ideological developments of Bodhisattva Path and Bodhicitta that must be possessed by Mahāyāna bodhisattvas. As Mahāyānists depend on Vinaya while they stay within Buddhist sects, they did not need separate regulations for the maintenance of saṃgha. In other words, the identity of the Mahāyāna Precept is recognized in its contents but it was probably not used as a standard for independent religious bodies. 대승계(大乘戒)는 독립된 대승교단의 규범으로서 성문계의 반대 개념으로 이해되어왔다. 그러나 최근 연구를 통해 대승불교도들이 부파교단 내에서 공주(共住)하던 학파로 확인되면서, 대승계에 관한 재검토가 요구되고 있다. 본고는 성문계의 용어를 차용한 대보적경(大寶積經) 「우바리회(優波離會)」를 통해 대승계를 독립적인 교단의 규범으로 오인하게 만든 내용을 확인해 보았다. 결론부터 말하면 대승계에서 규정하는 바라이(波羅夷)와 승잔(僧殘), 그리고 그 처벌법은 교단의 운영을 위한 행동규범과는 관련이 없다. 「우바리회」는 바라제목차(波羅提木叉)를 의업(意業)으로 치환하여 대승보살의 규범으로 내세우고 있으며, 성문승과 보살승의 지계 차이를 명시하고 있다. 이것은 대승보살로서 갖춰야 할 보살도 혹은 보리심에 대한 이념적 전개로 귀결된다. 즉 대승불교도들이 행위에 머무는 성문계[律]를 극복하고 계의 본질을 회복함은 물론, 정혜(定慧)로 나아가고자 했던 취지는 인정되지만, 승단의 질서를 위해 제정된 독립적인 규범으로는 해석할 수 없다. 게다가 「우바리회」에 나타난 대승계는 성문계를 대체할 수 있는 법제적 성격에서 벗어난다. 그러므로 대승계는 보살승이 자기 자신을 억제하고 단속하기 위한 불도수행의 수단으로 한계 짓는 것이 합당할 것이다.

Four Cases of Malignant Pleural Effusion in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

전민지,임지혜,김의영,김원구,김태용,김원배,송영기 대한내분비학회 2011 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.26 No.4

Papillary thyroid carcinoma could be a rare cause of malignant pleural effusion. The development of malignant pleural effusion in patients with papillary thyroid cancer is an extremely adverse prognostic indicator. Here, we report four cases that showed development of malignant pleural effusion during the clinical course of the papillary thyroid carcinoma and consider the prognosis. In four patients, the median survival time after the development of malignant pleural effusion was only 17 months.

원발성 폐암이 갑상선유두암의 전이성 폐결절로 오인된 예

전민지,임지혜,김의영,김원구,김태용,김원배,송영기 대한갑상선학회 2011 International Journal of Thyroidology Vol.4 No.1

Low Prevalence of Somatic TERT Promoter Mutations in Classic Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

전민지,김원구,심소영,임선희,권혜미,김태용,송영기,김원배 대한내분비학회 2016 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.31 No.1

Background: Transcriptional activating mutations of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) are associated with more aggressive thyroid cancer. We evaluated the significance of TERT promoter mutations in Korean patients with classic papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Methods: Genomic DNA was isolated from four thyroid cancer cell lines and 35 fresh-frozen PTC tissues. TERT promoter mutations (C228T and C250T) and the BRAF V600E mutation were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction amplification and direct sequencing. Results: The CC228229TT mutation in the TERT promoter was detected in BCPAP cells and the C250T mutation was found in 8505C cells. No TERT promoter mutation was observed in Cal-62 or ML-1 cells. The C228T mutation was found in only 1 of 35 (2.8%) PTCs and no C250T mutations were detected in any of the study subjects. The BRAF V600E mutation was found in 20 of 35 (57.1%) PTCs. One patient with the C228T TERT mutation also harbored the BRAF V600E mutation and developed a recurrence. Conclusion: The prevalence of somatic TERT promoter mutations was low in Korean patients with classic PTC. Therefore, the prognostic role ofTERT promoter mutations might be limited in this patient cohort

High-power Quasi-continuous Wave Operation of Incoherently Combined Yb-doped Fiber Lasers

전민지,정훈,정예지,박종선,김지원,서홍석 한국광학회 2017 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.1 No.5

High-energy, high-power, quasi-continuous wave (QCW) operation of double-clad Yb fiber lasersincorporating an incoherent signal combiner is reported. We constructed four efficient, high-power Yb fiberlasers, each of which produced rectangular pulses at 1080 nm with a pulse energy greater than 15 J, anda pulse duration of 10 ms at a repetition rate of 10 Hz, corresponding to an average power of over 150W and a peak power of over 1.5 kW for ~200 W of incident pump power at 915 nm. These laser outputswere combined by a homemade incoherent fiber signal combiner with low loss, yielding a maximum peakpower of ~6.0 kW in a beam with M2 ≈ 12.5. The detailed laser characteristics and prospects for furtherpower scaling in QCW operation are discussed.