서울신용보증재단 지원 소상공인 예비창업자의 특성별 성과

전덕영,윤병섭 아시아유럽미래학회 2022 유라시아연구 Vol.19 No.1

최근 몇 년 동안 코로나바이러스감염증-19(COVID-19)가 지속되면서 소상공인의 경영상태가 매 우 악화되고 있다. 정부는 시장실패(market failure)에 직면한 소상공인에게 금융위험을 낮추고 경영활동을 촉진해 수익성을 향상할 수 있도록 정책목적성을 지니고 지원한다. 소상공인 정책자금은 새로운 사업 형성, 재기(再起) 등을 지원해 소상공인의 성장을 돕고 소상공인을 통해 고용을 창출함으로써 국가 경제발전에 기여 하도록 유도한다. 정책자금의 전략적 배분은 소상공인 성공의 열쇠가 된다. 본 연구의 목적은 서울신용보증재단이 지원하는 소상공인 예비창업자 특성별 성과를 분석함에 있다. 서울신 용보증재단이 소상공인 예비창업자를 대상으로 펼치는 창업컨설팅을 통한 정책자금 지원이 예비창업자 특성 에 따라 총자산회전율, 매출액, 종업원 수 등에 나타나는 성과를 밝힌다. 서울신용보증재단은 예비창업자들을 대상으로 창업 전에 사업계획서 작성 등 1단계 컨설팅을 지원하고, 창업 후에 창업자금과 2단계 컨설팅을 지 원한다. 서울신용보증재단은 예비창업자 단계부터 창업 후 3년 이내까지 정책자금과 컨설팅을 지원하여 준비된 창업을 통해 실패를 낮추는 정책목적성을 지니고 있다. 본 연구는 코로나바이러스감염증-19(COVID-19) 이전인 2016년부터 2018년까지 3년 동안 서울신용보증재단이 도운 예비창업자 500개 업체의 사업계획서 작성 등 1단계 컨설팅, 창업 후에 창업자금과 2단계 컨설팅 자료를 분석하였다. 코로나바이러스감염증-19(COVID-19) 이전 자료를 분석해 정부의 정책목적성을 살펴봄으로써 최근 코로나바이러스감염증-19(COVID-19)로 시장실 패(market failure)에 직면한 소상공인의 정책목적성과 그 당위성을 살펴본다. 독립변수는 성별, 연령, 창업 준비 기간, 동업종 경험, 신용관리 역량, 비은행 대출, 총자산, 자기자본비율, 부채비율, 목표순이익 등의 소상 공인 예비창업자 특성별 요인을 사용하였고, 종속변수는 총자산회전율, 매출액, 종업원 수 등의 성과를 사용 하였다. 회귀분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 소상공인 예비창업자를 대상으로 창업컨설팅을 통한 정책자금 지원이 총자산회전율에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 변수는 성별, 자기자본비율, 목표순이익 등이며, 유의한 부(-) 의 영향을 미치는 변수는 총자산(창업소요 자금)이다. 이는 남성 창업자가 목표순이익을 높게 설정하여 자기 자본비율을 높이고, 창업비용을 적게 지출하여 총자산회전율을 높임으로써 소유자산을 효과적으로 이용한다 고 판단할 수 있다. 둘째, 소상공인 예비창업자를 대상으로 창업컨설팅을 통한 정책자금 지원이 매출액에 유 의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 변수는 성별, 총자산(창업소요 자금), 자기자본비율, 목표순이익, 동업종 경험 등 이다. 이는 동업종 경험이 풍부한 남성 창업자가 규모 있는 총자산, 높은 자기자본비율을 지니고 목표순이익 을 높이면 창업하여 경영할 때 매출액이 증대함을 시사한다. 셋째, 소상공인 예비창업자를 대상으로 창업컨설 팅을 통한 정책자금 지원이 종업원 수에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 변수는 총자산(창업소요 자금), 목표순 이익, 동업종 경험, 신용관리 역량(등급) 등이다. 이는 동업종 경험이 풍부한 소상공인 예비창업자가 규모 있 는 총자산을 지니고 목표순이익을 높여 신용관리 역량을 함양하면 창업하여 경영할 때 일자리 수 창출에 기여 함을 시사한다. 본 연구는 서울신용보증재단이 소상공인 예비창업자를 대상으로 펼치는 창업컨설팅을 통한 정책자금 지원 이 총자산회전율, 매출액, 종업원 수 등에 긍정적 영향을 미친다는 결과를 바탕으로 실무적 제언을 다음과 같 이 한다. 첫째, 남성 창업자가 여성 창업자에 비해 동업종 경험과 인적 네트워크가 풍부하여 경영성과에 기여 한 것으로 나타나고 있다. 따라서 여성 창업자에게 업종 경험과 창업 기회 확대 등 선택 폭을 넓힐 환경 조성 이 필요하다. 단기적 성과보다 장기적 성과에 초점을 두는 여성 창업자 육성방안을 심도 있게 연구해 여성이 미래 일자리 창출에 일익을 담당할 수 있도록 여성 창업관련 제도를 정비 및 확충해야 한다. 둘째, 동업종에 서 매출액을 증대해 본 경험과 관리 노하우, 판매네트워크 등 암묵지를 지닌 소상공인 예비창업자가 그렇지 않은 예비창업자보다 경영성과 창출에 유리하다. 특히, 실패한 소상공인이 재기할 경우 성과를 통해 종업원을 고용하는 등 확대재생산의 기반을 마련할 수 있으므로 정부는 실패한 소상공인의 재기방안을 확대해 재창업 을 유도하면 사회적 자본 손실을 극소화할 수 있다. 셋째, 목표순이익이 총자산회전율, 매출액, 종업원 수 등 에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 요인임을 밝혀 소상공인 예비창업자를 대상으로 컨설팅을 통해 정책자금을 지원할 때 높은 목표의식을 가지고 창업할 수 있도록 의식훈련을 강화하여야 한다. 넷째, 소상공인 예비창업자는 정 보비대칭성으로 시장실패의 영역에 있다. 정부는 소상공인을 대상으로 정책자금을 지원할 때 성장성 있는 창 업기업은 연성정보를 기반으로 하는 창업자금 지원을 고려해야 한다. 다섯째, 예비창업자에 대해서는 창업 전 부터 상권분석, 사업계획서 작성, 사업타당성 분석을 통해 창업실행이 될 수 있도록 지속적 창업컨설팅 지원 이 이루어져야 한다. In recent years, as the pandemic caused by the coronavirus infection-19(COVID-19) continues, the financial status of small business owners has drastically deteriorated. The government supports small business owners facing market failure in accordance with the policy goals in lowering financial risks and promoting management activities in order to improve profitability. Small business policy funds support new business formation and recovery to help small business owners grow and contribute to the development of the national economy by creating employment opportunities. Strategic allocation of policy funds is the key to the success of small business owners. The purpose of this study is to analyze the performance of consulting and funding support by characteristics of small business owner prospective entrepreneurs supported by the Seoul Credit Guarantee Foundation. The Seoul Credit Guarantee Foundation will disclose the results of total asset turnover ratio, sales amount, and number of employee depending on the characteristics of small business owner prospective entrepreneurs who provided start-up consulting and policy funds to small business owner prospective entrepreneurs. The Seoul Credit Guarantee Foundation supports small business owner prospective entrepreneurs with firstphase consulting, such as writing a business plan before starting a business, and supports second-phase consulting with start-up funds after starting a business. The goal of the Seoul Credit Guarantee Foundation is to reduce the number of failed start-ups through consulting and policy funds support from preliminary start-up stage to within three years after start-up. This study analyzed the first-stage consulting data including the preparation of business plans and the second-stage consulting data of 500 small business owner prospective entrepreneurs helped by the Seoul Credit Guarantee Foundation for three years from 2016 to 2018, before COVID-19. By analyzing the data before COVID-19, the government's policy objectives and their justifications for those objectives are examined for small business owners who have recently faced market failure due to COVID-19. The characteristic factors of small business owner prospective entrepreneurs such as: gender, age, start-up preparation period, industry experience, credit management capability, non-bank loan, total asset, equity capital ratio, debt ratio and target net income were used as independent variables. Also, total asset turnover ratio, sales amount and number of employee were used as dependent variables. The results of the regression analysis on the performance of each characteristic of small business owner prospective entrepreneurs are as follows. First, the variables in which supporting policy fund through start-up consulting for small business owner prospective entrepreneurs has a significant positive(+) effect on total asset turnover ratio are gender, equity capital ratio, and target net income. And a variable that has a significant negative(-) effect on total asset turnover ratio is total assets(start-up expenses). This can be judged that the male entrepreneurs, the higher the target net income, the higher the equity capital ratio, and the smaller the start-up expenses, the higher the total asset turnover ratio, thereby effectively using the assets owned. Second, the variables in which supporting policy fund through start-up consulting for small business owner prospective entrepreneurs has a significant positive(+) effect on sales amount are gender, total assets(start-up expenses), equity capital ratio, target net income, and industry experience. This suggests that if male entrepreneurs with a lot of experience in the same industry have a high total assets, a high equity capital ratio, and a high target net income, sales amount increase when starting and operating a business. Third, the variables in which supporting policy fund through start-up consulting for small business owner prospective entrepreneurs has a significant positive(+) effect on on the number of employee are total assets(start-up expenses), target net income, industry experience, credit management capability(grade). This suggests that if male entrepreneurs with a lot of experience in the same industry have a high total assets, a high target net income, and cultivate credit management capabilities, they will contribute to creating jobs when starting and operating their new business. This study makes practical suggestions based on the results that supporting policy fund through start-up consulting conducted by the Seoul Credit Guarantee Foundation for small business owner prospective entrepreneurs has a positive effect on total asset turnover ratio, sales amount, and number of employee. First, it was found that male entrepreneurs contributed to business performance due to their richer experience and human network in the same industry than that of female entrepreneurs. Therefore, it is necessary to create an environment that will expand the range of choices for female entrepreneurs, such as industry experience and expanding the opportunities for the foundation of start-ups. The women's start-up-related system should be reorganized and expanded so that women can play a part in creating future jobs by in-depth research on ways to foster female entrepreneurs focusing on long-term performance rather than short-term performance. Second, small business owner prospective entrepreneurs with experience in increasing sales amount at a same industry, management know-how, and tacit knowledge such as sales networks are more advantageous in creating business performance than small business owner prospective entrepreneurs who do not. In particular, if failed small business owners make a comeback, they can lay the foundation for expanded reproduction, such as employees hirement through employees through results-based criteria, so the government can minimize social capital losses by expanding ways to revive failed small business owners. Third, it is necessary to strengthen conscious training so that small business owner prospective entrepreneurs can start their own businesses with a high sense of goal when providing policy funds through consulting by revealing that target net income has a positive effect on total asset turnover ratio, sales amount, and number of employee. Fourth, small business owner prospective entrepreneurs have a higher threatness of market failure due to information asymmetry. When providing policy funds to small business owners, the government should consider supporting start-up funds based on soft information for start-up companies with growth potential. Fifth, for small business owner prospective entrepreneurs, continuous start-up consulting support should be provided for the execution of start-up through commercial district analysis, business plan preparation, and business feasibility analysis before start-up.

Nonenzymatic Cleavage of Escherichia coli Glutamine Synthetase by Dithiothreitol and Iron(III)

전덕영,김강화,변시명,Jhon, Deok-Young,Kim, Kang-Hwa,Byun, Si-Myung 생화학분자생물학회 1989 한국생화학회지 Vol.22 No.4

대장균 글루타민 합성효소에 대한 디티오트레이톨과 철 (III)이온에 의한 비효적 절단반응의 최적조건은 이 효소의 농도가 단량체로서 0.06 mM 일 때 디티오트레이톨 5 mM, 철 (III) 0.1 mM, pH 7.0, $37^{\circ}C$, 반응시간은 4시간이었다. 절단양상은 기질 및 기질유사체인 글루타민, 글루타민산, L-메치오닌 술폭시민 등 리간드의 첨가에 의하여 크게 변화되었다. 그러나 이들 화합물은 동일한 절단조건에 의해서 절단되는 피루브산 키나제에 대해서는 그 고유한 절단양상을 변화시키지 않았다. 이들 결과는 대장균 글루타민 합성효소의 디티오트레이톨과 철 (III) 이온에 의한 절단이 효소의 활성부위에서 일어남을 시사한다. Optimum reaction condition for the cleavage of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase in the presence of oxygen, iron(III), and dithiothreitol has been established. The condition is 5 mM dithiothreitol, 0.1 mM iron(III), pH 7.0,$37^{\circ}C$, and 4hours of reaction time, when the enzyme concentration is 0.06 mM as subunit basis. The cleavage pattern strongly depends on the addition of ligands of the enzyme, glutamic acid, glutamine, L-methionine-S-sulfoximine, to the reaction mixture while the ligands do not change the cleavage pattern of rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase which is also attacked by the cleavage system. The results indicate that the cleavage reaction occurrs at the polypeptide segments which consist the active site of the glutamine synthetase.

Rice Bran Lipoxygenase : Purification and Characterization

전덕영,이귀주,이현재,John, Deuk-Young,Lee, Gui-Ju,Lee, Hyun-Jae 생화학분자생물학회 1981 한국생화학회지 Vol.14 No.3

쌀의 도정 과정 중 얻어지는 미강으로부터 lipoxygenase를 분리, 정제하였으며 이 효소가 지닌 과산화 반응의 촉매작용 특성에 관하여 연구 검토하였다. 이 효소의 분자량은 약 100,000 daltons 이었으며 효소의 등전점 (pI) 값은 4.8로 얻어졌다. 이 효소는 상온하에서는 비교적 안정성을 보이고 있으나 $50^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 상당한 불활성화 현상을 일으키고 있었으며, 이 경우 온도 변화에 따른 불활성화 상수값 $(K_d)$은 40, 50 및 $60^{\circ}C$에서 각각 0.002, 0.014 및 0.136 $min^{-1}$로 얻어졌다. 이 효소가 지닌 기질 특이성은 대두 효소에서와 비슷하였으며 리놀레산 기질에 대한 과산화반응의 촉매 활성도는 중성 pH (6.8~7.0)와 $30^{\circ}C$에서 최대값을 보였다. 한편 효소 기질간의 친화력은 $K_m$ 값을 비교할 때 리놀레산과 산소분자는 비슷한 값인 약 100 ${\mu}M$로서 얻어졌다. 그밖의 효소반응의 초기 속도 측정에 의한 반응 속도론적 실험을 통하여 리놀레산의 과산화반응 양상에 대하여도 고찰해 보았다. A form of lipoxygenase (EC 1. 13. 11. 12) was isolated from rice brans which were obtained from the milling of rice caryopsis, and was purified partially but to give an electrophoretically homogeneous form. The molecular weight of the enzyme was found to be about 100, 000 daltons based on the gel filtration experiment. The optimum activity for the catalytic hydroperoxidation by rice bran lipoxygenase was obtained at neutural pH (pH 6. 8 to 7. 0) and at $30{^{\circ}C$. The enzyme show ed a relative stability under the neutral pH and at room temperature, but a marked deactivation of the enzyme protein was observed at the preincubation temperature above a $50^{\circ}C$. The first order deactivation constants for the enzyme were calculated to be 0.002, 4.014, 0.136 and 0.281 per minute at 40, 50, 60 and $70^{\circ}C$, respectively. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was about 4. 8 based on the isoelectrofocusing experiment, The enzyme was found to be very specific toward linoleate for the hydroperoxidation as in the case of the soybean enzyme, but the estimated $K_m$ values for linoleate and molecular oxygen were found to be about the same. Based on the steady state kinetic experiment measuring the initial velocity of the enzyme reaction, it was also suggested that the hydroperoxidation of linoleate is proceeded through the formation of a ternary complex between the enzyme and two substrate ligands.

나노 소자 벤처·기업탐방 - 이엘코리아(주)

전덕영 한국전기전자재료학회 2003 전기전자재료 Vol.16 No.6

< 토론 > : 유전자조작 식품과 21세기

전덕영 한국가정과학회 1999 새 천년의 가정생활 문화 (1999년도 학술대회) Vol.- No.-

가공식품중의 식품첨가물 사용실태에 대한 연구

전덕영 全南大學校家政科學硏究所 1994 生活科學硏究 Vol.4 No.-

Expressions of food additives imprinted on food package were investigated to get an idea what food additives are prevalently used in commercial processed foods. Total 378 foods were surveyed at supermarkets. The 76% of foods surveyed contained food additives and 100 food additives were used among 400 food additives that were permitted legally. Among them following additives were most frequently used with decreasing order; citric acid, monosodium glutamate, food yellow No.5, baking powder, food yellow No.4, potassium sorbate. Major additives of confectioneries or ice creams were synthetic colouring agents. All Danmujis(pickle) included saccharin and sorbic acid salt as a sweetener and a preservative, respectively. All margarines contained sodium dehydroacetic acid. Sodium nitrite, erythorbic acid, and sodium sorbate were comprised in all kinds of hams and sausages. p-Oxybenzoic acid butyl esters were found in all commercial Kanjangs(soy sauce).

미강에 함유된 리폭시게나제외 분리 , 정제 및 효소의 특성에 관한 연구

전덕영,이귀주,이현재 ( Deuk Young John,Gui Ju Lee,Hyun Jae Lee ) 생화학분자생물학회 1981 BMB Reports Vol.14 No.3

A form of lipoxygenase (EC 1. 13. 11. 12) was isolated from rice brans which were obtained from the milling of rice caryopsis, and was purified partially but to give an electrophoretically homogeneous form. The molecular weight of the enzyme was found to be about 100, 000 daltons based on the gel filtration experiment. The optimum activity for the catalytic hydroperoxidation by rice bran lipoxygenase was obtained at neutural pH (pH 6. 8 to 7. 0) and at 30℃. The enzyme show ed a relative stability under the neutral pH and at room temperature, but a marked deactivation of the enzyme protein was observed at the preincubation temperature abov a 50℃. The first order deactivation constants for the enzyme were calculated to be 0.002, 4.014, 0.136 and 0.281 per minute at 40, 50, 60 and 70℃, respectively. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was about 4. 8 based on the isoelectrofocusing experiment, The enzyme was found to be very specific toward linoleate for the hydroperoxidation as in the case of the soybean enzyme, but the estimated K_m values for linoleate and molecular oxygen were found to be about the same. Based on the steady state kinetic experiment measuring the initial velocity of the enzyme reaction, it was also suggested that the hydroperoxidation of linoleate is proceeded through the formation of a ternary complex between the enzyme and two substrate ligands.

쌀겨에서 추출된 리폭시게나제의 촉매반응 메카니즘에 관한 연구

전덕영,이현재 ( Deok Young Jhon,Hyun Jae Lee ) 생화학분자생물학회 1985 BMB Reports Vol.18 No.2

디티오트레이톨과 철 ( 3 ) 이온에 의한 대장균 글루타민 합성효소의 비효소적 절단에 대한 연구

전덕영,김강화,변시명 ( Deok Young Jhon,Kanghwa Kim,Si Myung Byun ) 생화학분자생물학회 1989 BMB Reports Vol.22 No.4

Optimum reaction condition for the cleavage of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase in the presence of oxygen, iron(III), and dithiothreitol has been established. The condition is 5 mM dithiothreitol, 0.1 mM iron(III), pH 7.0, 37℃, and 4hours of reaction time, when the enzyme concentration is 0.06 mM as subunit basis. The cleavage pattern strongly depends on the addition of ligands of the enzyme, glutamic acid, glutamine, L-methionine-S-sulfoximine, to the reaction mixture while the ligands do not change the cleavage pattern of rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase which is also attacked by the cleavage system. The results indicate that the cleavage reaction occurrs at the polypeptide segments which consist the active site of the glutamine synthetase.

예비창업자의 창업준비역량과 창업지원제도가 창업성과에 미치는 영향

전덕영,윤병섭 대한경영학회 2019 대한경영학회 학술발표대회 발표논문집 Vol.2019 No.1