Isofourane으로 마취된 개에 medetomidine, medetomidine-buprenorphine, medetomidine-fentanyl의 경막외 투여 시 심혈관계 반응과 진통효과의 비교

장화석,김혜진,최치봉,이정선,김휘율,Chang, Hwa-Seok,Kim, Hye-Jin,Choi, Chi-Bong,Lee, Jung-Sun,Kim, Hwi-Yool 대한수의학회 2007 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.47 No.1

The aim of this study was to compare the reaction of the cardiovascular system, and the anesthetic effect among 3 experimental groups, epidural administration of medetomidine as a single agent, the combination of buprenorphine and medetomidine, and the combination of fentanyl and medetomidine. Twenty one dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane and allowed to breathe spontaneously. Epidural, arterial, and venous catheters were inserted. The tip of epidural catheter was positioned at the level of the space between the sixth and seventh lumbar vertebra. After a stable plane of anesthesia was achieved, these dogs were each administered one of the following treatments epidurally : medetomidine $10{\mu}g/kg$ (Group M), a combination of medetomidine $5{\mu}g/kg$ and buprenorphine $10{\mu}g/kg$ (Group M/B), and a combination of medetomidine $5{\mu}g/kg$ and fentanyl $10{\mu}g/kg$ (Group M/F). Heart rate (HR), Respiratory rate (RR), End-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), and arterial blood pressure were measured before drug administration (base line) and 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 min postinjection. Blood gas analysis was performed before injection and 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 60 min postinjection. Isoflurane was discontinued 80 min postinjection and pain/motor function were evaluated up to 260 min postinjection every 15 min. At the early stage of drug introduction (until 5 min), the HR was decreased significantly in all 3 groups compared with base line. In Group M, HR was significantly decreased compared with the other 2 groups. With time (starting 20 min after drug introduction), the HR was decreased significantly in Group M/B in respect to base line. However, no significant difference was seen number-wise in all 3 groups. During 60 min after drug introduction, the systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures were highest in Group M and lowest in Group M/F. Among 3 groups, drug action and motor loss duration were longest in Group M/F. Analgesic effect observed in the M/F group was the most prominent and long-lasting, compared to those seen in the other 2 groups. Given the fact that the recovery of motor function takes place in a short period of time after analgesic effects disappeared, additional use of M/F depending on the patient's condition would be a good way to achieve effective pain management. However, proper care should be taken to ensure the function of cardiovascular system in the patient because the administration of M/F under isoflurane anesthesia results in a significant decline in arterial blood pressure ($65{\pm}10mmHg$).

개의 치주질환에 대한 녹차 티백의 효과

장화석,황희정,이재훈,정다정,양우종,정욱헌,김대현,김휘율,강은희,박우대 한국임상수의학회 2009 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Ingredient analysis and the medical action of various teas are accomplished on multi angle. However, the research regarding the prevention and a treatment of oral cavity disease, which use the green tea, is still insufficient relatively. In this experiment, the virtue of green tea bag on periodontal disease was studied. This experiment was used in 11 beagles. As a test group, 6 beagles were rinsed their tooth with green tea bag. The remaining 5 beagles were rinsed with filter paper which was soaked with normal saline. The test found no statistical significance in gingival index, plaque index, calculus index and dental pocket depth. But the number of bacteria colonies decreased significantly in test groups. The periodontal disease is related to the number of bacterial colonies. Therefore, this results show that the green tea bag is effective for periodontal disease.

개에서 분리한 진균의 동정과 PCR을 이용한 진단

장화석,문영찬,이상원,김휘율,김태종 한국임상수의학회 2004 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.21 No.1

This study was performed to examine the mycological features of canine skin. A total of 50 dogs with skinlesions were examined for dermatology from October, 2000 to April, 2001. The isolation rates of dermatophytes, yeast,filamentous fungi and superficial fungi were 36.4%, 13.5%, 35.3% and 13.6%. The dermatophytes isolated in dogs wereMicrosporum canins and Trichophyton mentagrophytes were 75% and 25%. The yeast and superficial fungi isolated indogs were Candida albicans, . were 16.7%, 16.7%, 16.7%and 50%. The filamentous fungi by Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillum sp., Alternaria sp. were 12.5%,12.5%, 50%, and 25%. To determine if polymerase chain reaction (PCR) could be applied for diagnosis of dermatophytes,yeast and filamentous fungi, control and clinical samples were tested. The size of specific PCR product in agarose gelwas 340 bp for dermatophytes and 210 bp for yeast and filamentous fungi, respectively.

뉴질랜드 흰 토끼의 각막 두께, 내피세포 및 안압에 관한 조사

장화석,이대엽,조양경,김만수,김휘율,강은희,이재훈 한국임상수의학회 2010 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.27 No.4

Rabbit’s cornea is the most common thing that used for researches in ophthalmology, so many experimentations have done. The purpose of this study was to survey the corneal pachymetry, tonometry and specular microscopy in New Zealand white rabbits. Three months old male rabbits (2.9 ± 0.2 kg) were examined with contact the specular microscope to evaluate the endothelial cell density, coefficiency of variation and the percentage of hexagonal cells in the central cornea. For the pachymetry, ultrasonic pachymeter was used for central cornea in each twenty rabbits,and tonometry was performed forty rabbit’s eyes to evaluate the intraocular pressure. Corneal endothelial cell density in New Zealand white rabbit was 3304 ± 354 cell/mm2. Coefficiency of variation was 45.8 ± 2 and the percentage of hexagonal cells in the central cornea was 44.4 ± 11%. The pachymetry of cornea was 346.1 ± 21 μm and tonometry of eye was 14.3 ± 2 mmHg. It is considered that normal New Zealand white rabbit’s pachymetry, specular microscopy and tonometry were useful basic data of rabbit’s cornea for research and clinic in veterinary ophthalmology.

광 촉매 이산화 티타늄의 개 피부에 대한 항균효과

장화석,김지은,정다정,이정선,최치봉,김휘율,Chang, Hwa-Seok,Kim, Ji-Eun,Chung, Dai-Jung,Lee, Jung-Sun,Choi, Chi-Bong,Kim, Hwi-Yool 대한수의학회 2006 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.46 No.3

Photo-catalytic products have been widely used at home and hospital to prevent bacteria, virus and fungus. Activities of anti-bacteria, anti-viruses and anti-fungi are based upon direct contact of crystals and particles of titanium dioxide with pathogens, into which titanium is catalyzed by photo. Those antimicrobial activities of the photo-catalytic titanium dioxide have been proved in vitro. However, in vivo tests of those activities have not been carried out on dog skin. Aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of the catalytic titanium dioxide in vivo. Ten beagle dogs were divided into two groups. One group was sprayed with 10ml of titanium dioxide(1 mg/ml) whereas the other was not. The treated dogs were exposed under the sunlight for 120 min. A set of three hairs was taken 15, 30, 60 and 120 min after the exposure and the bacteria contaminated in hairs were amplified in, Muller Hilton broth at $35^{\circ}C{\pm}1$ for 3 h. The supernatant of the bacterial culture was diluted 1 : 10 in phosphafe-buffered saline. One milliliter of the diluents was transferred into triphenyltetrazolium medium(TTC) and incubated at $35^{\circ}C{\pm}1$ for 2 days. The number of bacteria was counted. The number of bacteria colonies was decreased compared to control group. To further investigate the longevity effect of titanium dioxide, the dogs were kept in indoor without sun light for 6 and 12 h, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14 days after exposure of the chemical during each 15, 30, 60 min. The number of bacteria colony in 1ml was counted. The number of bacterial colonies was decreased. Treated group is exposured by sun light during 15 min, the longevity effect of titanium dioxide is continued by 1 week. Treated group is exposured by sun light during 30, 60 min, the longevity effect of titanium dioxide is continued over 2 weeks. These data indicated that the photo-catalytic titanium dioxide may be used for prevent bacteria on dog skin.

비글견에서 캡슐 내시경의 위장관 이동분석 평가

장화석,양희택,김상영,우동철,박우대,용준환,최보영,김휘율,최치봉,Chang, Hwa-Seok,Yang, Hee-Taek,Kim, Sang-Youn,Woo, Dong-Cheol,Park, Woo-Dae,Yong, Joon-Hwan,Choe, Bo-Young,Kim, Hwi-Yool,Choi, Chi-Bong 한국의학물리학회 2008 의학물리 Vol.19 No.2

수의 임상에서 캡슐 내시경(capsule endoscopy, CE)의 사용에 기본적인 기준과 유용성을 정립하기 위하여 정상 중형견($7{\sim}13\;kg$)에서 캡슐의 위 통과시간(gastric transit time, GTT), 작은창자 통과시간(small intestinal transit time, SITT), 완전통과율(complete transit time, CTT)을 측정하고 통과율을 분석하였다. 1군(capsule 투여), 2군(capsule+water 투여), 3군(metoclopramide+capsule 투여) 그리고 (metoclopramide+capsule+water 투여)의 총 4군으로 나누어 방사선 촬영을 통하여 평가를 실시했다. GTT는 평균 $45{\sim}20\;min$ (group 1), $117{\pm}35\;min$ (group 2), $150{\pm}40\;min$ (group 3), $154{\pm}65\;min$ (group 4)였으며 SITT는 평균 $75{\pm}20\;min$ (group 1), $195{\pm}55\;min$ (group 2), $75{\pm}15\;min$(group 3), $76{\pm}15\;min$ (group 4)로 나타났다. 완전통과율(complete passage rate)은 각각 20% (group 1), 40%, (group 2), 20% (group 3), 50% (group 4)로 나타났다. 실험결과 캡슐이 유문부를 통과하기만 하면 내시경 캡슐 배터리 수명인 8시간 이내로 위장관을 모두 통과하였으며 물을 위내로 투여한 후 volume의 증가에 의한 위 운동성의 증가는 캡슐의 유문부 통과에 도움이 되었다. 그러나 metoclopramide의 투여는 유문부의 통과와 SITT의 시간에 대한 유의적인 효과가 나타나지 않았다. The object of this study is to measure the transit time and passage rate of capsule endoscopy (CE) in the gastrointestinal tract in medium sized beagle dogs ($7{\sim}13\;kg$). Animals were divided into four groups: only capsule (group 1, n=10), capsule+water (group 2, n=10), mettoclopramide+capsule (group 3, n=10), metoclopramide +capsule+water (group 4, n=10). The capsule transit times through the stomach and small bowel were evaluated by radiography findings. Gastric transit time (GTT), small intestinal transit time (SITT) and complete passage rate were measured in four groups. GTT's for each group were as follows; $45{\pm}20\;min$ (group 1), $117{\pm}35\;min$ (group 2), $150{\pm}40\;min$ (group 3), and $154{\pm}65\;min$ (group 4), while SITT's were $75{\pm}20\;min$ (group 1), $195{\pm}55\;min$ (group 2), $70{\pm}15\;min$ (group 3), and $76{\pm}15\;min$ (group 4). The complete passage rates were 20% (group 1), 40% (group 2), 20% (group 3), 50% (group 4). In all groups, if CE could pass through the pylorus, it passed all small intestinal tracts within 8 hours (battery life). Administration of water helped CE to pass pylori, except in case of metoclopramide administration. These results indicate that CE could be an useful tool for examining gastrointestinal diseases in the veterinary medicine.

마취된 개의 자발호흡상태에서 일측폐환기 및 양측폐환기가 심순환기 및 호흡기계에 미치는 영향

송영성,장화석,김혜진,김순신,최준철,양희택,정다정,김휘율,Song, Young-sung,Chang, Hwa-seok,Kim, Hye-jin,Kim, Soon-shin,Choi, Joon-chul,Yang, Hee-taek,Chung, Dai-jung,Kim, Hwi-yool 대한수의학회 2005 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.45 No.2

One-lung ventilation (OLV) is the isolation and selective ventilation of one lung field. OLV allows the collapse of lung lobes on the side of the thoracic surgical approach to facilitate observation of intrathoracic structures and to achieve lung immobility. OLV be achieved by endotracheal intubation with double lumen tubes or bronchial blockers. In this study, cardiopulmonary consequences of two-lung ventilation (TLV), OLV and Re-TLV (TLV after OLV) were evaluated in 5 dogs. The dogs were anesthetized with mask induction and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Tidal volume and respiratory rates were set to maintain end-tidal $CO_2$ at $40{\pm}2mmHg$ during instrumentation. Following instrumentation, the dogs were placed in right lateral recumbency and induced spontaneously respiration state. Effect of TLV on hemodynamic and pulmonary variables were recorded. Then, the left bronchus was obstructed by endotracheal intubation with double lumen endotracheal tube to achieve OLV state and recording was continued. After OLV, double lumen endotracheal tube was extubated, and standard endotracheal tubes was intubated again. In this study, spontaneous OLV caused significant decrease in $PaO_2$, arterial oxygen saturation, mixed-venous oxygen saturation, and increase in $PaCO_2$. Especially, a significant elevation in $PaCO_2$ and respiratory acidosis were remarkable findings. So spontaneous ventilation in OLV affected gas exchange and hemodynamic function.

방광에 발생한 이행상피암종의 진단과 수술적 처치

김성미,장화석,송영성,김혜진,김순신,김휘율 한국임상수의학회 2004 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.21 No.1

A 13-year-old, male Maltese was refered to Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Konkuk University withinappropriate urination and hematuria. CBC, serum chemistry profile, urinalysis and urine culture were performed.cystography, retrograde double-contrast cystography, excretory urography, ultrasonography were performed. On theretrograde positive-contrast cystography examination, irregular filling defects were present on the left side of the cranialpart of the bladder. Partial cystectomy performed and then medical therapy was conducted. On histopathologicalexaminations, the lesion was confirmed as a transitional cel carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

개에서 역행성 관류를 이용한 요관결석 제거술

양우종,장화석,정다정,이재훈,강은희,김대현,정욱헌,최치봉,김휘율 한국임상수의학회 2011 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.28 No.1

A Shihtzu (6-year-old, intact female) was referred to Konkuk University Teaching Animal Hospital for cystic calculus and hydronephrosis of right kiney. The dog was suspected to have ureteral rupture and peritonitis. Radiographic findings included cyctic calculi and right kidney enlargement. On ultrasonographic examination hyperechoic mass with severe acoustic shadowing was located in the right proximal ureter which was dilated. Hydronephrosis of the right kidney, right ureteral caculus and cytic calculus were confirmed by radiography and ultrasonography. Cystotomy for removal of calculus in the bladder and ureterotomy for removal of calculus in the right ureter were performed. Excretory urography (EU) performed one month after surgery revealed that the right ureter was homogeneously opacified and decreased to 3 to 6 mm in diameter. Surgical removal of ureteroliths was appropriate treatment for the ureteral and cystic calculi. The result suggests that ureterotomy is effective treament for the dilation and calculi of ureter.

The Use of Polypropylene Mesh for Perineal Herniorrhaphy in the Dog

강은희,장화석,Hee-taek Yang,Dai-jung Chung,이재훈,양우종,Tae-hoon Kim,Young-su Lee,최치봉,김휘율 한국임상수의학회 2006 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.23 No.4

s after idiopathic weakening of the pelvic diaphragm.A 14-year-old uncastrated male shih tzu dog with right-sided perineal swelling was referred to the Veterinary MedicalTeaching Hospital of Konkuk University. He had sign of perineal swelling for three years. Plain radiography documentedthe extent of rectal and colonic dilation in the herinal sac. During surgery, external anal sphincter muscle, coccygeusmuscle and levator ani muscle were weakened due to the three years of herniation. Internal obturator muscletransposition method was not enough for large defect, so mesh was applied to reduce the hernial sac. Internal obturatormuscle transposition combined with using of polypr