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SOI 웨이퍼를 이용한 Top emission 방식 AMOLEDs의 스위칭 소자용 단결정 실리콘 트랜지스터
장재원,김훈,신경식,김재경,주병권,Chang, Jae-Won,Kim, Hoon,Shin, Kyeong-Sik,Kim, Jai-Kyeong,Ju, Byeong-Kwon 한국전기전자재료학회 2003 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.16 No.4
We fabricated a single crystal silicon thin film transistor for active matrix organic light emitting displays(AMOLEDs) using silicon on insulator wafer (SOI wafer). Poly crystal silicon thin film transistor(poly-Si TFT) Is actively researched and developed nowsdays for a pixel switching devices of AMOLEDs. However, poly-Si TFT has some disadvantages such as high off-state leakage currents and low field-effect mobility due to a trap of grain boundary in active channel. While single crystal silicon TFT has many advantages such as high field effect mobility, low off-state leakage currents, low power consumption because of the low threshold voltage and simultaneous integration of driving ICs on a substrate. In our experiment, we compared the property of poly-Si TFT with that of SOI TFT. Poly-Si TFT exhibited a field effect mobility of 34 $\textrm{cm}^2$/Vs, an off-state leakage current of about l${\times}$10$\^$-9/ A at the gate voltage of 10 V, a subthreshold slope of 0.5 V/dec and on/off ratio of 10$\^$-4/, a threshold voltage of 7.8 V. Otherwise, single crystal silicon TFT on SOI wafer exhibited a field effect mobility of 750 $\textrm{cm}^2$/Vs, an off-state leakage current of about 1${\times}$10$\^$-10/ A at the gate voltage of 10 V, a subthreshold slope of 0.59 V/dec and on/off ratio of 10$\^$7/, a threshold voltage of 6.75 V. So, we observed that the properties of single crystal silicon TFT using SOI wafer are better than those of Poly Si TFT. For the pixel driver in AMOLEDs, the best suitable pixel driver is single crystal silicon TFT using SOI wafer.
부갑상선호르몬 분비가 저하된 혈액투석 환자에서 저칼슘투석액 사용시 칼슘감지수용체의 유전자 다형성에 따른 호르몬 분비의 변화
박태진 ( Tae Jin Park ),서장원 ( Jang Won Seo ),백관미 ( Kwan Mi Pack ),장재원 ( Jai Won Chang ),양원석 ( Won Seok Yang ),김순배 ( Soon Bae Kim ),이상구 ( Sang Koo Lee ),박수길 ( Su Kil Park ),박정식 ( Jung Sik Park ) 대한신장학회 2007 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.26 No.4
Purpose : Low level of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a risk factor that might cause hip fracture in dialysis patients. Low calcium dialysate (LCD) has been suggested as an approach to increase PTH level. The calcium- sensing receptor (CaSR) polymorphism is known to be associated with the sensitivity to extracellular calcium. Methods : We prospectively investigated the role of genetic polymorphism of CaSR codon 990 as one cause of the different parathyroid responses to LCD in maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients. 48 patients, using 3.5 mEq/L calcium dialysate, with intact PTH below 100 pg/ml for the last one year underwent HD sessions on 2.5 mEq/L calcium dialysate for 12 weeks. Serum intact PTH, total calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone-specific ALP (BAP) were measured monthly. The CaSR gene from peripheral lymphocytes was amplified to confirm the genotype by polymerase chain reaction. Results : According to the CaSR genetic polymorphism, subjects were divided into 3 groups, A/A (14.6%), A/G (45.8%) and G/G (39.6%). Twelve weeks later, intact PTH (48.5±25.4 to 89.0±49.4 pg/mL, p<0.01), and ALP (78.7±25.7 to 87.4±27.2 IU/L, p<0.01) increased significantly in G/G group, but not in non-G/G groups. However, BAP significantly increased in both G/G group (24.3±11.9 to 29.5±10.6 U/L, p<0.01) and in non-G/G groups (21.4±4.5 to 26.1±9.1 U/L, p<0.01). During the study period, levels of corrected total calcium and phosphorus were not significantly changed. Conclusion : The CaSR polymorphism, G/G genotype, strongly influenced the responsiveness of parathyroid gland to LCD, compared with non-G/G genotypes. However, bone formation may occur actively on LCD, irrespective of CaSR genetic polymorphism.
윤정아 ( Jung A Yoon ),장문 ( Mun Jang ),장재원 ( Jai Won Chang ),이은경 ( Eun Kyoung Lee ) 대한내과학회 2020 대한내과학회지 Vol.95 No.6
MCTD 환자의 신증후군은 대개 막사구체신염의 형태로 나타나지만 저자들은 MCD로 나타난 신증후군을 진단하고 스테로이드와 cyclosporine으로 치료하였기에 보고하는 바이다. Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is a rheumatologic disorder that has combined features of systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis with the anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) antibody. Although renal involvement is not included in any of the diagnostic criteria, it has been observed in 20% of MCTD patients. The most common renal disease is immune complex nephropathy, histologically classified as membranous glomerulonephritis, but minimal change disease (MCD) is very rare and has only been reported once previously. A previously healthy 33-year-old woman presented with generalized edema, puffy hands, arthralgia, and Raynaud’s phenomenon. We diagnosed MCD with proteinuria (> 9 g/day) and hypoalbuminemia (< 1.0 g/dL) by renal biopsy, and MCTD with a simultaneously high titer of the anti-U1 RNP antibody. The patient was treated with 200 mg/day cyclosporine and 30 mg/day prednisolone. The proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia normalized 2 months later. We report a patient with severe MCD associated with MCTD. (Korean J Med 2020;95:409-412)
사체 신이식 후 지연성 기능장애에서 Tacrolimus 의 효과
이미숙(Mee Sook Lee),장재원(Jai Won Chang),한덕종(Duck Jong Han),유은실(Eun Sil Yu),양원석(Won Seok Yang),박수길(Su Kil Park) 대한신장학회 2002 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.21 No.4
사체 신이식 후 급성세뇨관괴사가 예견되거나 입증된 경우 단클론 혹은 다클론 항체가 급성세뇨관괴사에 따른 급성 거부반응의 발생을 감소시키기 위해 사용되고 있으나, 치명적인 합병증 발생의 위험이 높다. Cyclosporine에 비해 강력한 면역억제기능을 가진 tacrolimus는 아직까지 지연성 기능장애에서의 효과가 알려진 바가 없다. 본 연구에서는 지연성 기능장애 기간 중 tacrolimus가 단클론 혹은 다클론 항체를 대신할 수 있는지 알아보았다. 1991년 3월부터 2000년 8월까지 서울아산병원에서 지연성 기능장애는 일차 사체 신이식 환자 293명 중 18명에서 발생하였으며, 이 기간 중 주 면역억제제로 cyclosporine 대신 tacrolimus를 사용한 12명의 임상경과를 알아보았다. 급성세뇨관괴사는 7명에서는 이식신 생검으로, 5명에서는 임상상 및 Tc-99m DTPA 신스캔으로 진단되었다. 지연성 기능장애는 평균 13일 지속되었고, 평균 소변량은 1,007 mL/day이었다. 2명에서는 tacrolimus를 초기부터 사용하였고, 10명에서는 술 후 6-10일에 교체 하였다. Tacrolimus 사용 후 평균 10일째부터 투석 없이 크레아틴 수치가 감소하였다. Tacrolimus는 0.18 ㎎/㎏/day로 투여되었고, 혈중 최소농도는 14.1±8.4 ng/mL이었다. 12명 중 1명은 이식 후 27일에 이식신기능부전 및 aspergillosis 감염으로 이식신을 제거하였으나, 나머지 11명은 신기능이 성공적으로 회복되었다. 1명에서 이식 후 15개월에 급성 거부반응(Banff classification type IB)이 발생하였고, 1명은 이식신의 기능이 좋은 상태로 사고로 사망하였다. 1년 이식신 생존률과 환자 생존률은 각각 83%와 92%이었다. 이상의 결과로 tacrolimus는 cyclosporine을 대신하여 지연성 기능장애에서 급성 거부반응의 발생을 예방하기 위해 사용될 수 있으며, 단클론 혹은 다클론 항체의 치명적인 합병증 발생의 위험없이 양호한 이식신생존률을 얻을 수 있다고 사료된다. Background : In the presence of anticipated or established acute tubular necrosis (ATN) immediately after cadaveric kidney transplantation, induction with monoclonal or polyclonal antibody is recommended in preparation of increased risk of acute rejection caused by ATN. Tacrolimus is a potent immunosuppressive agent than cyclosporine. In this study, we analyzed retrospectively the clinical outcome of patients who had taken tacrolimus as a replacement of cyclosporine in the period of delayed graft function(DGF) to determine the eligibility of tacrolimus instead of antilymphocyte antibody in this situation. Methods : Between March 1, 1991 and August 31, 2000, DGF developed in eighteen first cadaveric renal transplant recipients in our center. During DGF period, twelve patients received tacrolimus based immunosuppression without OKT3. We reviewed the complete clinical course of the 12 patients. Results : Among the 12 patients, 1 patient underwent graft nephrectomy at postoperative 27 days, because of poor renal function and concomitant aspergillosis infection. In the remaining 11 patients, however, for whom tacrolimus was maintained continuously without OKT3 therapy, renal function was recovered successfully. One acute rejection developed at postoperative 15 months. One patient died at postoperative 5 months with functioning graft. One-year graft survival rate was 83%. Conclusion : Tacrolimus could be used in replacement of cyclosporine for the prevention of acute rejection in DGF. This could provide a graft survival comparable to that by the monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies without the potential risk of life-threatening side effects in this situation.
급성신손상의 신대치 요법: 적응증, 적절한 시기 및 방법
이은경 ( Eun Kyoung Lee ),장재원 ( Jai Won Chang ) 대한내과학회 2012 대한내과학회지 Vol.82 No.1
Despite substantial advances in dialytic techniques and machines, acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) is associated with up to 60% in-hospital mortality. But, there is no full detail of definite RRT to overcome the significant morbidity and mortality of AKI. What is most important in the treatment for AKI is that RRT is not a cause-specific therapy but a Life-supportive management. This review discusses the indications of, proper initiation of, and optimal prescription for RRT to improve the survival of the patients with AKI. (Korean J Med 2012;82:17-21)
이은경 ( Eun Kyoung Lee ),장재원 ( Jai Won Chang ) 대한내과학회 2015 대한내과학회지 Vol.88 No.4
Despite substantial advances in dialysis techniques and machines, acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) is still associated with up to 60% in-hospital mortality. However, there is little information on whether RRT overcomes the significant morbidity and mortality of AKI. What is most important in the treatment of AKI is that RRT is not a cause-specific therapy but life-supportive management. This review discusses the indications of, proper initiation of, and optimal prescription for RRT to improve the survival of critically ill patients with AKI.
폐결핵과 동반되어 발생한 SIADH 및 Guillain-Barre Syndrome
유미현 ( Mi Hyun Yu ),장재원 ( Jai Won Chang ),양원석 ( Won Seok Yang ),김순배 ( Soon Bae Kim ),이상구 ( Sang Koo Lee ),박수길 ( Su Kil Park ),박정식 ( Jung Sik Park ) 대한신장학회 2008 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.27 No.1
Hyponatremia is one of the most common electrolyte disturbances in nephrologic clinical setting. SIADH is one of the causes of hyponatremia and can be accompanied with various conditions such as malignancies, infections and nervous system diseases. Guillain-Barre syndrome is an acute inflammatory polyneuropathy. It is reported that SIADH can be accompanied with Guillain-Barre syndrome although the mechanism is unclear. Symptoms of Guillain-Barre syndrome such as general weakness, decreased consciousness, and seizure are similar to those of hyponatremia. Thus the diagnosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome can be delayed if they coexist. Because Guillain-Barre syndrome leads to severe respiratory failure in its disease course and mechanical ventilatory assistance is mandatory for such cases, early diagnosis and treatment is critical. Korea is still endemic area for tuberculosis and clinicians often experience pulmonary tuberculosis in practice. But pulmonary tuberculosis-associated SIADH and Guillain-Barre syndrome were not reported in Korea. So far, 2 cases of gastrointestinal infection-associated SIADH and Guillain-Barre syndrome were reported. Hence, authors report here the case of SIADH associated Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with pulmonary tuberculosis.