東海岸 地域의 감자 栽培作型과 疫病發生

張翼昊,金鶴起,金寬洙 강릉대학교 영동산업문제연구소 1988 産經論叢 Vol.9 No.-

A Series of studies were and is going to be carried out to provide a direction for the improvement of the potato cultivation at the east coastal region(Yeongdong region) in kang weon province. In this report, We present the results obtained from the studies performed during the period of 1985 to 1987. Firstly, We investigated the current situation of the potato cultivation as influenced by the climatic conditions for this region. Secondly, We corroborated the impact of late blight on potato yield in accordance with the tiem and degree of late blight occurrence, and we also tested the use of the Moving Graph method to product the occurrence of late blight by utilizing several, important weather data of the Sokcho, Kangneung, and Samcheock areas. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Since the weather conditions such as average temperature, Diurnal temperature range, Duration of sunshine in the Southern part of the Yeongdong region are more favorable for potato growth as compared with those in the Northern part, areas for the early Potato crop, which can be harvested before the hot, rainy summer season and when the potato price is high, could be expanded by improving cultivation techniques and by using high-quality seed potatoes and stress-resistan varieties. 2. The recommended early potato varietes of Superior and Irish Cobbler accounted for 63% of the Potato varieties used in the Yeongdond region, the recommended fall-crop varietes of Dejima and Shimabara for 13%, and nonrecommended vareties for 24%. 3. Seed potatoes obtained through the formal seed potato supply system only accountes for around 20% of the seed potatoes planted in the Yeongdong region, suggestion a problem of yield reduction because of seed potato degeneration. 4. Data from a study in 1986 showed that late blight was observed in Kangneung and Samcheok on July 9th (96 days after planting) and in Sokcho on June 30 th(87 days after planting), and that yield reductions due to late blight occurrence were 13% in Kangneung and 20% in Sokcho, respectively. 5. In the Yeongdong region almost no chemical control for late blight was being practiced : therefore, once or twice of chemical control for early potato crop and periodic control for up-land crop are recommended. 6. In 1986 the high coincidence of actual temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity with estimated climatic conditions favorable for late blight occurrence permitted the Moving Graph construction to correctly forecast the warning for late blight occurrence ; however, late blight occurrence could not be so correctly forecasted in 1985 and 1987 since the actual relative humidity did not coincide with estimated relative humidity favorable for late blight occurrence. 7. Utilization of the Mowing Graph method, which includes relative humidity, during the potato cultivation in the Yeongdong region is believed to be useful for the curtailment of cost and labour as well as for yield increase.

花卉農業의 現況과 高冷地 花卉의 開發에 關한 硏究

張翼昊 강릉대학교동해안지역연구소 1990 東海岸硏究 Vol.1 No.3

The demand for flower-growing has increased each year, mainly because of the continual growth and development of the national economy and high standard of living conditions. Our flower-growing system is no longer based on small-scale a rapid transformation into a large-scale and specialized field of horticulture. To farmers who have enagged in horticulture, flower-growing has become one of the promising income sources of farmhouses. Flowers are considered as hopeful cash crops, which will be sufficiently competitive as export goods, especially for upcoming open international trade. Most of flower growers in our country, however, are poor-landed and small-scaled peasants suffering from insufficient farming facilities and funds. The improvement of farmland, accompained with the modernization of farming facilities, soil improvement, and capital investment, is that essential factor in the production of horticultural products. This production basis is, however, fragile in most of our farmhouses. What is worse, is that most of farmhouses are not capable of producing high quality flowers, for they have a low technological level and a short history in the flower-growing industry. Lacking the support of research personnel and large capital investment in horticulture as a whole, we have not brought many new varieties, in spite of the fact that there are many different kinds of flowers to be researched and improved. Therefore, with appropriate capital investment from government and more active research efforts from public and private institutions, we hope to develop advanced techniques in the field of horticulture. There are many problems concerning production itself, normal trade function and standardization of horticultural products. These obstacles, along with other restrictions in flower production system, will have to be sloved for the betterment of flower-growing farmhouses; particularly, to cope with the forthcoming complete open-door policy of agricultural products. The following reviews the major points of this paper. 1. Based on conditons of location, a group of flower-growing farmhouses with specialized knowledge and modernized facilities must be initiated and improved intensely. These model farms of flower-growing will be suitable for the maximum production of specific crops in their favorable environmental conditions. In order to provide the foundiation for optimum flower production to farmhouses, it is necessary to have a rapid circulation of technical information, to do research-expermental projects, and to import and absorb advanced technologies from developed countries. Furthermore, it is highly suggested that we examine the establishment of a weekly-production system which conects alpine and city-neighboring farms to the market. 2. The expansion of employment can be accomplished by absorbing the jobless into the flower-growing industry. 3. It is necessary to multiply the demand for flower-growing. This can be accomplished through the beautification of national land and city space, which can promote a tender feeling as well as a positive attitude among the citizens. 4. For obtaining foreign currency, flower-growing industry must be funded and developed intensively as a major export field. 5. In order to reform several problems that we are now facing in the extablishment of the order in the circulation of Flowrs, 1) An auction market policy must be extablished. 2) The function of circulation aid must be expanded. 3) circulation information about flowers must be collected quickly and analyzed with coordination with related agencies. 4) The monetary circulation must be supported with great efficiency. 6. A legal whole-sale market must be established as soon as possible. So far, I have mentioned the development plan of flower-growing farmhouses. Now is the best time for us to initiate, educate, and establish flower-growing farmhouses. If the existing problems previously mentioned are worked out, I am convinced that the flower-growing industry will grow immensely in the near efforts and funding from public and private institutions must be available on a steady, rational, long-term basis to promote efficient flower-growing farmhouses.

東海沿岸 海水浴場 開發에 關한 硏究 : Focused on the Fishing Villages 漁村을 中心으로

張翼昊 江陵大學校東海岸地域硏究所 1990 東海岸硏究 Vol.1 No.1

As the coastal resources are getting decreased and the ocean fishery gradually increased, the coastal fishery is slowing down year by year and its rate of increase in lower than the average rate of fisherly increase of Korea. In addition, constitutional small - scall, vulnerable basic facilities and low investment funds have resulted in the decrease of productivity in the coastal fishery. Also, low income has drove the fishermen to give up fishing and the decrease of labor quality is evident. Considering the above - mentioned present situation, it is urgently needed to increase the income of fishermen by carrying out the tourist development projects in the undeveloped fishing villages. 1. The coastal area of the East Sea is favored by nature for tourism and so well - known as four - season touring resort. The number of sea bather visiting this area in summer was about 3,977,000 in 1981 and about 4,520,000 in 1989, increasing 8,440 in number during the last 8 years. The most favorite bathing resort was Kyungpo, followed by Naksan and Mangsang. As the coastal fishing villages near the existing resorts are expected to be developed into the additional four - season touring resorts, it is the time to build up and carry out the plan for changing these villages into the touring villages should aim to give the chance to the visitors for enjoying their spare times and raising their will for industrial production, and also to the residents for expanding their jobs and increasing their income. In view of the present situation of coastal touring resorts, the coastal area of the East Sea holds 29 out of 119 bathing resorts of Korea, 25 out of 104 sea fishing places, 13 out of 115 national, resorts, and 43 out of 1,183 cultural assets. 2. The kinds of incidental business available in the fishing villages are inn, private residence, dinning house, pleasure boat, and a variety of shopping corners. For these business, governmental offices, fisheries cooperatives, and the Office of Fishery make a variety of supports. The general difficulties for the tourist development in the fishing villages are disharmony in development, lack of diversity, insufficient quantity and low quality of tourist facilities, and a variety of legal restrictions. 3. The general problems facing for the development of bathing resorts are the insufficient for the tourists, inaccordance between the residents in managing the resort facilities, poor working funds for serving the tourists during the low - demand season, non - hygienic facilities of inn and dinning house, lack of souvenirs and special local products for the tourists. 4. The general difficulties in developing the fishing places are low awareness of developmental need, poor activities of publicity, legal restrictions, and insufficient safety guarantee in using the fishing boats. 5. The general plans for improving the tourist develpment in the fishing village are the reorganization and extensive development of tourist potential, investment enlargement of social in direct capitals, extention of touring resorts, development of all season leisure to break a sow - demand season, and partial easing of legal restrictions in developing the touring resorts. 6. Harmonious development and reasonable management of bathing resorts are needed. Reduction of low - demand season by developing all - season leisure items can be added as indispensable conditions. 7. In the lodging business, the government should establish an appropriate facilities standard and supervise its obeyance. In the private residence, the residents themselves should arrange the different rental fees according to the available facilities. For developing the souvenirs and the special local products representing the regional characteristics, officials and residents should cooperate together. 8. For the tourist development in the fishing village, considered are a variety of ways to increase the income of fishermen by application of the fishermen fraternity and to develop the subsidiary occupations for the fishermen. In carrying out these projects, governmental guide and support should be made to be in good harmony between the increase of income and the conservation of nature.

種薯의 增殖過程에 있어 組織培養産 種薯의 活力에 關한 硏究

金鶴起,張翼昊 강릉대학교동해안지역연구소 1990 東海岸硏究 Vol.1 No.1

國內에서도 組織培養에 의한 種서生産體系가 實用化 段階에 達함에 따라 組織培養을 通하여 生産된 種서의 純粹性과 能力을 檢討하고 增殖段階別 種서의 病理的, 生理的 退化 程度를 比較하여 種薯 生産體系의 基礎資料로 제공하고자 한다. 男爵에 있어 組織培養産 種薯의 生育段階別 進展度는 多少 遲延되는 傾向을 보였으나 秀美에서는 差異가 없었다. 基本種의 地上部 및 地下部의 最大生育値는 兩品種 공히 他段階 種서에 比해 優秀하였으며 生育後期까지 活力이 오래 지속되었다. 秀美는 男爵에 比해 生育進展이 늦고 生育量도 낮았으나 匐枝伸長이 早期에 完了되고 塊莖着生數가 적어 上薯率 增加 要因이 됨을 볼 수 있었다. 組織培養産 種서는 全體的으로 圃場栽培에서 肉眼檢定 및 抗血淸檢定 모두를 통하여 Virus나 罹病株를 發見할 수 없었다. 組織培養産 種薯에 의한 株當 收量은 男爵 956g, 秀美 933g로서 他種서보다 優秀하였으나 有意差는 없었다. 이로써 罹病率, 生育相, 收量等 全般的으로 組織培養으로 얻어진 種薯는 어느단계의 種薯에도 손색이 없어 種薯生産體系에 活用되어 問題될 바 없다고 思料된다. As the tissue culture technique had gradually been applied to the seed potato production system in Korea, this study was conducted to add the basic informations to the current speed potato production system by examining the purity and productivity of the seed potatoes originated from tissue culture and by comparing the degree of pathological and physiological deterioration in seed potatoes at each propagation stages. Progress of each growth stages in the seed potatoes originated from tissue culture was more or less delayed in var. Irish Cobbler, but not in var. Superior. In terms of the maximum growth of both upperground and underground parts in vars. Irish cobblar and Superior, the basic seed potatoes were superior to the later stages of propagation and also maintained their plant vigour longer. Through var. Superior was slower in growth and lower in productivity than var. Irish Cobbler, the former was earlier in stolon growth and fewer in tuber number than the latter. This led to the increase of the marketable tubers. From the basic seed potatoes originated from tissue culture, virus-infected stock was not found in the field by visual inspection and serological test. Productivity of the basic seed potatoes orignated from tissiue culture was 956g/plant in var. Irish Cobbler and 933g/plant in var. Superior. These potatoes were higher in productivity than the seed potatoes of the other stages, and they were not statistically significant each other. The basic seed potatoes originated from tissue culture was superior in seed health, growth and productivity to the other stages of potatoes and thus tissue culture technique is supposed to be successfully applied to the seed potato production system.

高冷地 氣候를 利用한 Iris의 夏作栽培에 關한 硏究

張翼昊,金鶴起 강릉대학교동해안지역연구소 1991 東海岸硏究 Vol.2 No.1

本 硏究는 高冷地 氣候를 利用한 아이리스의 高溫期 早期促成栽培의 가능성을 검토하고자 화란으로부터 도입한 구근을 8℃, 45日의 低溫處理 後 가능한 低溫의 유지 및 地溫의 下降을 위하여 遮光하우스 內의 멀칭재료 試驗과 定植期 試驗을 遂行하였다. 하우스 內의 日中 最高氣溫은 遮光網 한겹으로 高溫期에는 地溫을 약 3∼7℃ 낮출 수 있었고, 멀칭재료별로는 差異가 없었으나 無被覆區에 비해서는 약 1℃ 낮출 수 있었다. 遮光하우스 內에서의 被覆材料에 따른 發芽 및 開花率은 각각 99, 99.5%이상으로 높아 栽培에는 문제가 없었으나 無被覆區는 볏짚, 차광망, 被覆區에 비해 花莖長이 다소 짧아 품질이 떨어졌다. 정식기별 발아율은 97.5%이상으로 차이가 없었으나 發芽所要日은 高溫期定植區 (8月 5日)가 10일 걸린데 비해 15, 22日區는 5, 6日로 짧았다. 高溫期 定植區는 發芽 및 初期生育이 지연되고 最終 草長, 花莖長도 약 1.5∼2.8cm 정도 짧아 切花品質이 다소 떨어졌다. 어느 定植區에서나 開花率은 95%이상으로 높았으며 開花에 所要된 日數는 51∼52日로 類似한 結果를 보였다. 이상의 결과로 고냉지 기후를 이용한 아이리스 단경기 生産은 비가림 하우스 위에 간단한 遮光과 土壤被覆 栽培로 安全生産은 물론 良質의 切花生産이 可能한 것으로 思料된다. These studies were conducted to examine the possibilities of an early forcing cultivation of Iris during high-temperature period, using a highland climate in Daekwanryoung. Iris bulbs were imported from Holland and subjected to low temperature treatment of 8℃ for 45 days. To maintain soil-temperatures low in greenhouse, we carried out the experiments connected with various mulch materials and different planting dates. With one-layer of a shading net, the maximum soil-temperatures in greenhouse were 3-7℃ lower than those under an unshaded condition, especially during high-temperature period. There were no noticeable differences in soil temperatures as influenced by various much materials, but the temperatures of unmulched soil were approximately 1℃ higher as compared with those of mulched soil. The percentages in bulb sprouting and flowering of Iris, grown even under no mulching, were 99.0 and 95.5%, respectively, so we found no difficulty in cultivating Iris. Unmulching the soil, however, deteriorated the flower quality, because flower stalks were a little shorter in comparison with those grown under mulching with straws or shading nets. More than 97.5% of Iris bulbs were sprouted regardless of planting dates. Bulbs planted during high-temperature period (Aug.5) took 10 days for sprouting, while sprouting took place only in 5 and 6 days in the bulbs planted on Aug. 15 and Aug. 22, respectively. During high-temperature period the sprouting and early growth of Iris were delayer, and the final lengths of the first leaf and flower stalks were 1.5-2.8 cm shorter, which consequently lowered the quality of cut-flowers to some degree. In all planting experimental blocks of bulbs, the percentage of flowering was above 95% and days required for flowering were not significantly different among bulbs planted on different dates, ranging from 51 to 52 days. With above results we concluded that making good use of a highland climate as well as simple shading and mulching practices will make it possible to obtain the safety production of Iris cut-flowers of high quality.

PC Based-Proto Type 고장검출 프로그램에 의한 중수로 안전계통(SDS#1, SDS #2)주기시험 시스템 개발

김석남,장익호,김항배,한재복,이상용 한국원자력학회 1995 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.27 No.6

원자력 발전소의 안전계통은 요구된 신뢰도를 확보하기 위하여 각 트립 변수(공정계통 및 핵관련 총11개)회로의 센서 및 트립로직으로 구성된 각자의 채널에 대하여 주기적으로 운전중에 운전원에 의해 수동으로 수행하므로 안전계통에 대한 신뢰도를 화보하고 있다. 안전계통에 대한 시험자동화는 컴퓨터에 의해 시험 신호의 발생과 시험 결과의 표시 및 기록이 자동적으로 프로그램에 의해서 수행되는 것을 의미하며, 시험 자동화에 의해 주기 시험에 따른 시험시간 단축과 운전원의 심리적 부담을 경감하여 운전원에 의한 인적 실수 방지 및 계통 신뢰도 향상에 기여하는 것은 물론 계통을 단순화하고 기기경비의 절감 효과를 가져온다. 현재 기존 중수로 발전소는 직접 시험 방식에 의해 모의 신호를 시험 대상 채널의 센서부분에 보내어 안전 계통을 시험하여 해당 루프에 대한 건전성을 점검하고 있는데, 이 방식은 시험회로가 복잡하여 이로인한 기기의 설치 경비 상승, 유지 보수의 부담 증가 및 운전원의 주기 시험에 대한부담감으로 인적 실수를 유발하는등 계통 신뢰도 저하의 문제점이 지적되어 개선이 요구된다.

차세대 원자력 발전소에서의 공학적안전설비작동계통 Prototype 기능의 구현

박종범(Jong Beom Park),박현신(Hyun Shin Park),장익호(Ik Ho Chang) 대한전기학회 1998 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1998 No.7