종격동 흉선종양의 임상적 고찰

장운하,이정호,류회성,Jang, Un-Ha,Lee, Jeong-Ho,Ryu, Hoe-Seong 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1977 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.10 No.2

The period from .1959 to 1976, authors experienced 13 cases of thymoma at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery in National Medical Center. Ten patients were male, and 3 patients were female.Main complaints were cough 76.9%, dyspnea, 69.2%, chest pain 61.6%, myasthenia gravis 23.1 % and S.V.S 23.1%. All of them located anterior mediastinum. 7 cases were benign and 6 cases were malignant. Lymphocytic type was 5 cases, epithelial type 3 case,spindle cell type 1 case, mixed type 2 cases, cystic type 1 case and seminomatous type 1 case. All cases were surgically approached but in malignant cases, only 1 case was palliatively removed and followed radiation therapy. 4 cases were made only biopsy, among them, obstained good response with radiation therapy in seminomatous type case. In benign cases, excellent result was obtained but 2 cases which were combined myasthenia gravis were relapsed the symptoms.

만성 비특이성 동맥염에 의한 비전형적 하행 흉대동맥 협착증: Bypass graft 를 시행한 1예

장운하,유회성,Jang, Un-Ha,Yu, Hoe-Seong 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1978 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.11 No.1

A 15 years Old girl was admitted with chief complaints of intermittent claudication of lower extremity, dizziness, and headache for 5 years. On admission, malignant hypertension was noted in the upper part of body [190-150/120-110] but femoral & dorsalis pedis pulse could not palpate. Once she had experienced C. V. A. due to hypertension of upper part, about years ago. On auscultation, systolic murmur was audible along the left sternal border. E.C.G. Showed left ventricular hypertrophy pattern, and others within normal limit. Retrograde aortography demonstrated diffuse narrowing of entire thoracic aorta with underdeveloped lower abdominal aorta [below the renal artery] & both common lilac artery, and rich collaterals, but normally visualized greater arteries in the aortic arch. On left posterolasteral thoracotomy, entire descending thoracic aorta revealed marked narrowing with mild perivascular adhesion, but no mediastinal pleura adhesion. These findings suggest as congenital type of atypical coarctation in the entire thoracic aorta with mild secondary change. But histopathology was showed the findings of chronic non-specific aortitis, later. Dacron by pass graft was performed with end to side anastomosis between graft and aortic wall. After operation, all her preoperative symptoms & signs were disappeared, and discharged with good general condition.

폐의 원발성 수막종 -1예보고-

장운하 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 2000 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.33 No.2

Primary pulmonary meningioma is an extremely rare disease. It is mostly benign and asymptomatic. This tumor shows the same cytohigstologic appearance as brain or spinal cord meninioma. It can be diagnosed as a primary pulmonary meningioma only if there is no evidence of metastasis from the brain or spinal cord meningioma. We experienced a case of primary pulmonary meningioma in a 60-year-old woman who had asymptomatic 2 cm-sized solitary pulmonary tumor in the right lower lobe. It is rather peripherally located. Fine needle aspiration cytology has suggested the possibility of either well-differentiated epithelial malignancy such as papillary adenocarcinoma or mucoepidermoid carcinoma or metastatic carcinoma such as from ductal carcinoma of the breast. Right lower lobectomy was performed. The tumor was bilobated and soild with yellowish color. pathologically it proved to be a primary pulmonary and solid with yellowish color. Pathologically it proved to be a primary pulmonary meningioma because there was no evidance of brain or spinal cord tumor. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case reported in Korea. We report this case with review of the literature.

개심술에서 아프로티닌의 효과 (고용량 요법)

장운하,오태윤,김미혜 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1999 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.32 No.4

배경: 최근 국내외적으로 인공심폐기를 이용한 심장수술에 있어서 수술 출혈을 줄일 목적으로 많은 병원에서 아프로티닌을 사용하고 있으며 그 탁월한 효능은 입증되었다. 심한 수술 출혈이 예상되는 재수술등 장시간 인공심폐기 관류 환자 외에 일차적 심장질환에서도 아프로티닌의 사용범위가 증가하고 있다. 아프로티닌의 용량에 있어서 초기 Royston 등의 보고 이후 다양한 용량의 아프로티닌 요법이 소개되었으며, 그 효과와 안전도에 있어서도 여러 가지 견해들이 보고되고 있다. 대상 및 방법: 본 강북삼성병원 흉부외과에서는 체외순환하에 시행한 40례의 개심수술 환자를 아프로티닌 고용량요법을 사용한 실험군 20명, 아프로티닌을 사용하지 않은 대조군 20명으로 구분 비교하여 아프로티닌 요법의 효과와 안전성을 후향적으로 연구분석하였다. 출혈감소의 정도를 파악하기 위하여 술후 6시간 및 24시간 출혈량을 비교 분석하였으며 아프로티닌 사용 합병증의 하나인 신기능 장애 유무를 확인하기 위해 술후 혈중 크레아티닌치를 측정하였다. 결과: 수술직후 6시간동안의 출혈량은 대조군과 비교하여 고용량 아프로티닌 실험군에서 통계학적으로 유의한 출혈량의 감소를 보였으며(대조군:409$\pm$69cc, 실험군:186$\pm$40cc, P=0.010), 수술후 24시간동안의 출혈량도 통계적으로 유의한 감소치를 보였다.(대조군:671$\pm$133cc, 실험군:317$\pm$53cc, P=0.024). 결론: 본 임상 분석에서 고용량 아프로티닌군에서 신기능의 특별한 장애없이 개심술후 현저히 출혈량을 줄일수 있다는 결론을 얻었다. 합병증 발생률을 보였다.수술사망은 2례로 조기사망률은 6.7%였다. 수술생존자 28명중 4명은 장기추적관찰이 불가능하였으며, 총 2091환자.월(평균 74.7$\pm$68.4개월, 최장 187개월)동안 관찰하였다. 이 기간중 판막의 혈전, 혈전색전증 및 항응고치료에 따른 출혈등의 합병증은 없었으나, 조직판막을 이용한 10례중 8례에서 술후 평균 87.1$\pm$23.6개월에 판막기능부전으로 재수술하였으며(이중 2례는 타 병원에서 수술함), 기계판막을 치환한 1례에서 판막주위누출과 감염으로 술후 3개월째 재수술하였다. 재수술시 사망례는 없었다. 만기사망은 1례로 방실중격결손증 교정술후 잔존 승모판폐쇄부전으로 승모판치환술을 받은 7세환아로 판막치환술후 4개월에 확장성심근염으로 사망하였다. 조직판막의 경우 생명표분석에 의한 판막실패가 없는 장기누적률은 6년째 75.0%, 7년째 50.0%, 8년째 12.5%의 기록을 보여 술후 6년에서 8년에 걸쳐 격감하는 양상을 보였다. 수술사망 2례를 제외한 28명의 장기생존률을 Kaplan-Meiyer법에 의해 분석하였을때 4개월째 생존률이 96.0%로 그 이후로는 사망례가 없었다. 결론:이상의 결과로 보아 소아 심장판막치환술은 비교적 안전하고, 술후 적절한 추적관찰이 행해질 경우 항응고요법에 따른 합병증은 거의 없으나, 5세이하 소아나 판막치환술 이전에 심장수술을 한 경우는 위험도가 여전히 높은 것으로 사료된다. 지표들 면에서 통계학적으로 차이가 없고(p>0.05), 육안적으로 광배근을 관찰하였을 때 그룹 A에서는 광배근의 유착 및 염증소견이 모두에서 있었고 그중 2마리에서는 광배근의 수축을 목격할 수 Background: Recently, many cardiac centers have been using aprotinin to reduce operative bleeding in cardiac operations using cardiopulmonary bypass. A variety of reports have confirmed the effectiveness of the drug in cardiac operations. In addition to the operations which could be considered to cause severe operative bleeding such as redo operation, long cardiopulmonary bypass operation and etc, the use of aprotinin is increasing in the field of primary cardiac operations. Varying doses of regimen have been introduced since the first report by Royston et al, and also various opinions on the effectiveness and safeness of the each regimen have been reported. We reviewed our own experience of the full dose aprotinin regimen(Hammersmith regimen) retrospectively. Material and Method: From October 1994 to February 1998, 40 cases of cardiac operative patients were randomized into two groups: aprotinin group(20 patients) which received a full dose aprotinin regimen and control group(20 patients) which did not receive aprotinin. To evaluate the degree of bleeding decrease, we analysed and compared the amount of postoperative 6 hours and 24 hours bleeding in the each group. To confirm the renal dysfunction, we measured the postoperative creatinine level. Result: In the amount of postoperative 6 hours bleeding, a statistically significant bleeding decrease was demonstrated in the aprotinin group compared to the control group(aprotinin group: 186${\pm}$40cc, control group:409${\pm}$69cc, P=0.010). Similar result was observed in the postoperative 24 hours(aprotinin group:317${\pm}$53cc, control group: 671${\pm}$133cc, P=0.024). Conclusion: We concluded that full dose regimen of aprotinin can remarkably reduce postoperative bleeding in cardiac operations without significant renal dysfunctions.

성인의 선천성 심방중격결손증의 외과적 치료

장운하,오태윤,배상일 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1998 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.31 No.8

Background: Atrial septal defect (ASD) is the most common congenital cardiac anomaly, accounting for 30 percent of congenital heart disease detected in the adult. Many patients with ASD are well tolerated and reach adult without significant symptoms. The patients with ASD die 4th and 5th decades, but prolonged survival is not uncommon. In general, the survival depends on whether pulmonary hypertension develops during adulthood or not. The most common cause of death in the patients with ASD is right ventricular failure or arrhythmias. Materials and methods: From January 1988 to June 1997, 33 cases of ASD underwent open heart surgeries in our hospital. Among them, 31 cases were adult ASD, and 2 tricuspid regurgitation, 1 pulmonic stenosis, 1 mitral regurgitation, 1 tricuspid regurgitation, and 1 coronary artery disease were combinded. All of the patients underwent surgical repair using autologus pericardial patch or direct closure. Results: The postoperative course was smooth and uneventful. Most of the patients showed significant improvement in ECG finding, hemodynamic profile, radiologic finding, and echocardiography, after surgery. Conclusions: Conclusively, most of the ASD should be closed even in patients over the age of 60 years, and early surgical repair must be done to prevent pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular failure, and arrythmias. 배경: 심방중격결손증은 선천성심질환중 가장 흔한 질환중의 하나이며 성인에서 진단되는 선천성 심질환 의 30%를 차지한다. 상당수의 환자들이 성인이 될때까지 별다른 증상이 없이 잘 지내기도 하고, 40∼50대에 사망 하는 경우가 많지만, 더 오래 사는 경우도 흔히 발견된다. 가장 흔한 사망원인은 주로 우심부전이나 부정맥이다. 대상 및 방법: 강북삼성병원 흉부외과에서는 1988년부터 1997년 6월까지 총33례의 심방중격결손증을 수술 하였으며, 그중 31례가 성인 심방중격결손증이었다. 동반질환은 삼첨판 폐쇄부전이 2례, 폐동맥판 협착증, 승모판 폐쇄부전 및 삼첨판 폐쇄부전, 그리고 관상동맥질환이 각각 1례였다. 결과: 모든환자에서 첩포봉합술이나 직접봉합술을 이용하여 수술하였으며, 수술후 경과는 모두 양호하였다. 수술후 심전도와 혈류역학, 및 심초음파검사상 호전을 보였다. 결론: 성인의 심방중격결손증은 60세이상의 고령일지라도 폐동맥고혈압이나 우심부전, 부정맥등을 예방 하기 위한 적극적인 외과교정술을 시행하여야 한다

활로 4징증 심장 누두부 심근의 병리조직학적 연구

장운하,박영관,송계용 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1989 中央醫大誌 Vol.14 No.3

The pathogenesis of the idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis was proved to be the disarray of microfilament of myocardial muscle fibers. But pathogenesis of myocardial hypertrophy of infundibulum in Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is still unknown. So, we thought that light microscopic and ultrastructural observation would be helpful to understand the pathogenesis of the thickening of myocardium of infundibulum in TOF. This pathology observation were carried out in the myocardium of myocardial infundibulum on the consecutive open heart surgery in 20 cases of TOF. 1. Moderate to severe myocardial hypertrophy with interstitial fibrosis was observed, accompanied by lymphocyte infiltration and moderate to severe intimal fibrosis of endocardium while in some cases show infundibular mass composed by small sized muscular bundles. 2. Arrangement of myocardial muscular bundles were within normal limits except for focal suggestive disarray in three out of 20 cases. 3. Arrangement of microfilament were well developed and organized with abundant mitochondria accompanied by mitochondrial swelling and vacuolar degeneration & increased lipofuscin pigment. No disorganized microfilaments was noted. 4. Therefore, mass of myocardial infundibulum consists of both small sized or hypertrophied muscular bundles induced mainly by hypertrophy and with or without intimal fibrosis secondary to the increased ventricular pressure.

일차성 자연기흉의 수술 방법에 따른 비용효용 비교

장운하,오태윤,김미혜,최주원 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 2000 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.33 No.11

배경 및 목적: 최근 비디오 흉강경술은 최소 침습적인 수술 방법으로서 자연 기흉의 일반적 치료법으로 인정되고 있으나 비교적 높은 재발율과 비용-효용 관계에 대해서는 논란이 있다. 비디오 흉강경을 이용한 기포 절제술 후의 재발율은 평균 5-10%정도로 보고되고 있으며 이는 개흉술에 비해 상당히 높은 것이다. 또한 국내 의료 실정에서의 개흉술과 비디오 흉강경술의 비용효용에 대한 비교 통계는 없는 상황이다. 대상 및 방법: 1997년 1월부터 1999년 7월까지 일차성 자연기흉으로 성균관 의대 강북삼성병원 흉부외과에서 수술을 시행한 173예를 대상으로 후향적 조사하였다. 비디오 흉강경술로 시행한 104예와 개흉술로 시행한 69예를 양군으로 나누어 성별 및 연령, 발병부위, 수술의 적응증, 수술시간, 술 후 흉관 삽입기간 및 재원 일수, 술후 합병증, 재발율, 수술 경비 및 총치료경비 등을 비교하였다. 결과: 양군의 성별, 연령, 발병부위 등에는 차이가 없었다. 수술 시간은 흉강경군이 73.1$\pm$29.5분, 개흉군이 141$\pm$52분이었다.(p<0.05). 술 후 평균 흉관의 거치기간 및 재원일수는 흉강경군이 각각 3.93일 및 7.5일, 개흉군이 7.0일 및 13.4일이었다.(P<0.05, P<0.05). 술 후 재발한 경우가 비디오 흉강경군에서 6예(5.6%), 개흉군에서 1예(1.4%) 있었다(P<0.05). 본원에서 시행한 비디오 흉강경술과 개흉술의 비교에서 수술로 발생하는 비용은 비디오 흉강경군이 유의하게 높았으나 (1,202,192$\pm$178,992원, 1,005,669$\pm$311,531원; P<0.05) 총 치료비의 비교에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다.(1,946,110$\pm$487,440원, 1,793,912$\pm$308,079원; P=0.18). 결론: 비용 효용관계 및 재발율은 병원마다의 수술 수기 및 퇴원 정책등에 따라서 다소간의 차이가 있을 수 있으나 본원의 조사 결과에서는 비디오 흉강경술이 개흉술에 비해 비용-효과가 있다고 볼 수 없으며 재발율도 높았다.

고콜레스테롤식이가 Wister계와 자생고혈압 흰쥐에서 대동경맥화 초기변화에 미치는 영향

장운하,유재형,송계용,류왕성,유언호 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1993 中央醫大誌 Vol.18 No.2

Atherosclerosis refers to a group of disorders that have common thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls. Of the various risk factors, hyperlipidemia and hypertension are most important. So, the scanning electron microscopic observation was carried out to evaluate the effects of high cholesterol diet on the early altheroscleotic changes of the aorta both in Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rat(SHR) for a 8 months. The blood pressure of SHR rised gradually from 3.5months after birth and reached nearly 190 mmHg from the 5.5 to 9.5months. blood cholesterol levels were remarkably increased in rats fed high cholesterol diet from 67.0+-㎎/㎗ to 403.0+-43.8㎎/㎗ in Wistar rat and 117.80+-36.00㎎/㎗ in SHR, respectively. Until 3.5 months, adhesion of a few platelets and fibrin were noted in Wister rats fed with hypercholesterol diet while focal injury on the endothelial surface were noted in SHR in 3.5 months. Later on, adhesion of platelets, fibrin and white blood cells as well as demage of inner wall revealed as multiple small holes wer more marked, resulted in marked atherosclerosis at 9.5month. Atherosclerotic changes were more marked in the condition of hypertension with hypercholesterolemia. With above results, it is suggested that hypercholesterolemia induce endothelial damage by adhesion of platelets and white blood cells in SHR at the beginning of the atherogenesis.

개심술 114례의 임상적 고찰

장운하,이문금,김병린 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1993 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.26 No.2

Between March, 1988 and July, 1992, 114 patients underwent Open Heart Surgery under hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. There were 29 cases of congenital heart anomalies (25%), and 85 cases of acquired heart diseases (75%) consisting of 53 cases of valvular heart disease, 31 cases of ischemic heart disease, and a case of left atrial myxoma. The age distribution of 114 cases was 4 to 73 years, and mean age was 43 years old consisting of mean age of congenital heart disease 23, valvular heart disease 47, and ischemic heart disease 57 years old. Overall operative mortality was about 7.9%.

선천성 식도폐쇄 및 기관식도루 -1례 보고-

이문금,장운하,Lee, Mun-Geum,Jang, Un-Ha 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1994 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.27 No.6

Our patient was a 2.3 kg, male of 33 weeks gestation and spontaneous vaginal delivery. Copious salivary secretion, mild aspiration pneumonia episode due to tracheoesophageal fistula and intermittent cyanotic appearance due to hypoxia were noted shortly after birth. Head up position, frequent upper pouch suction, and adequate fluid and antibiotic therapy were done in incubator. Combined Chest and abdominal film was revealed gas in the stomach and an haziness in right chest with mediastinal shift to the right side. Esophagogram revealed markedly dilated proximal esophagus as blind pouch, and Two dimensional echocardiography showed the Ventricular Septal Defect. The conclusion was congenital esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula, Vogt-Gross type C, Waterston Risk Category B. Surgical correction with Beardmore anastomosis was performed extrapleurally through 3rd rib bed after the cannulation of umbilical vein and preliminary gastrostomy. The fistula was closed by triple ligation and the upper pouch was then brought down to the presenting surface of the lower esophageal segment that incised, and end to side anastomosis was underwent using interrupt suture placed through the full thickness of both upper pouch and lower esophageal segment. The postoperative patient was well tolerated and recovered uneventfully, permitted feeding on 7th postoperative day after esophagogram.