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張相姬 부산대학교 사회과학대학 1985 社會科學論叢 Vol.4 No.1
A path model of the causes of adolescent cigarette smoking is assessed. This model is derived from a general behavior theory which proposes that the social experiences in one's environment influence behavior through the mediation of personality. Four evaluation social experience variables, i. e., parents' education, negative parent-child relationship, school grades and positive teacher-student relationship, and self-esteem were analyzed in a survey of 568 high school boys to predict adolescent cigarette smoking behavior. It was found that all the four evaluative social experience variables affect adolescent self-esteem, and self-esteem in turn influences cigarette smoking behavior. Especially positive relationships with significant others influence adolescent smoking behavior through their intervening effects on self-esteem. Among the independent variables, school grades were found to have the greatest impact on cigarette smoking.
張相熙 경북대학교 법정대학 1958 法大論叢 Vol.1 No.-
우리의 역사적인 신형법의 제정을 본 이래 연구가 거듭되고 있거니와 구형법과 상이한 점의 이해에 관한 시도는 가일층의 활발상을 보여주고 있다. 논제로 내건 제19조도 구형법에는 없는 신설조문으로서 본인은 이에 대한 몇 가지 의문점을 정리하여 학계의 비판을 받으려는 의도에서 이 조문을 논제로 택한 것이다. 이 제 19조는 강학상의 '독립행위의 경합'을 '동시 또는 이시의 독립행위가 경합한 경우에 그 결과발생의 원인된 행위가 판명되지 아니한 때에는 각 행위를 미수범으로 처벌한다'라고 규정하고 있다. 그러면 그 각 행위를 미수범으로 처벌하려는 이론적 근거는 무엇인가? 일반으로 본신조문을 인권옹호적 견지에 입각한 필수적인 형사정책상의 규정으로 이해하는 것 같다. 즉 결과범에 있어서의 결과는 그 범죄의 실행행위로 인한 것이라야만 그 결과를 행위자의 소행으로 인정하고 그 원인된 행위가 위법이란 가치판단을 받을 일근거가 되는 것이다. 그러나 형법상의 이러한 인과관계가 명확하지 못하다면 결과는 그 행위자의 소행이라고 단정할 수 없다. 그렇다고 이의 인과관계를 추정 또는 의제한다면 법적 안전을 기본원리로 하는 형법상의 이론에 위배되므로 이것을 피하기 위하여 미수범으로 처벌케 함으로써 기수범으로 추정 또는 의제를 받을 위험을 배제하려는 것이 본신조문의 진의라고 이해하려는 것 같다.
사이버스페이스에 나타난 성역할 이데올로기 : A Study on Teenager's Communication Patterns
장상희,양미연 부산대학교 여성연구소 1999 여성학연구 Vol.9 No.1
This study aims to analyze femininity and masculinity in cyberspace. In this study, it is hypothesized that in cyberspace 1) males communicate with females in more aggressive, self-confident, and positive ways than do females; and 2) females communicate with males in more relation-oriented, supportive, and attenuable ways than do males. Data for the study were collected in the Hitel teenager's chatting room from August to September in 1999. The study sample consists of 140 males and 94 females. The main results of the study are as follows: 1) Males showed a more aggressive communication pattern than females. 2) Males tend to show a more self-confident communication patterns than females. 3) Males tend to communicate more positively than females. 4) Females tend to be more relation-oriented than males in cyberspace communication. 5) Females showed a more supportive communication pattern than males. 6) There was a relationship between sex and attenuation of communication. Therefore, it is concluded that cyberspace is gendered rather than gender-blind. Because of gender-role socialization, the communication between sexes in cyberspace is also gendered just like in the real world. Thus, this study results imply that the ideological definitions of manhood and womanhood are reflected in communication between sexes in cyberspace.
사이버스페이스는 여성에게 해방의 공간인가, 억압의 공간인가 ?
장상희,양미연 부산대학교 여성연구소 1998 여성학연구 Vol.8 No.1
This paper reviews the debates regarding gender inequality in cyberspace. Some argue that cyberspace is a liberating space for women. On the contrary, others say that it is a repressive space for women. Cyberspace has the opposing two aspects regarding gender equality, both of liberating and repressive effects on women. Since physical cues such as sex, age and race, and social contextual cues such as status and class are not available in cyberspace, women are able to form cybercommunity to communicate freely with others without interruption by men and to create more horizontal relations between sexes. So, cyberspace becomes a liberating space for women. Meanwhile, cyberspace can impose gender inequality and streotypes on women just like in the real world, In cyberspace, men can monopolize communications and women can be excluded from it because technology is deeply related to the traditional male values. In this respect, cyberspace becomes a repressive space for women. However, women can make cyberspace as a liberating space for them by promoting gender equality. For this, women should enter the cyberspace to discuss with others and to meet their needs. In this way, woman can achive the liberation from the male dominance in the cyberspace as well as in the real world.