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장동철(Dong Chul Jang) 한국공공정책학회 2004 공공정책연구 Vol.15 No.-
Under similar initial condition of economic, social and cultural circumstances, Korea and Taiwan could expand their exports and achieve the high performance of economic growth in the process of export-oriented industrialization. In Korea, they let big firms primarily undertake the export, expecting the economies of scale, and faced the structural inequilibrium at the cost of economic growth. However, Taiwan let the small firms mainly undertake the export and made a rapid economic development without any cost of unequal structure. After all, it is necessary to avoid the excessively artificial policy ignoring the market mechanism in excecuting trade policy.
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청목향 Aristolochiae radix에 있어 F344 랫드의 독성
김충용,김용범,양병철,이종화,정문구,양기화,장동덕,한상섭,강부현,Kim, Choong-Yong,Kim, Yong-Bum,Yang, Byung-Chul,Lee, Jong-Hwa,Chung, Moon-Koo,Yang, Ki-Hwa,Jang, Dong-Deuk,Han, Sang-Seop,Kang, Boo-Hyon 대한수의학회 2005 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.45 No.1
13-week orally repeated dose toxicity was investigated to ascertain the toxic effects of Aristolochiae radix in F344 rats at dose levels of 0, 1 (0.003 AA, aristolochic acid, mg/kg), 5 (0.014 AA mg/kg), 25 (0.068 AA mg/kg), 125 (0.34 AA mg/kg), and 500mg/kg (AA 1.36 mg/kg). No mortalities were found in any of the dose groups including vehicle control groups of both sexes during the study period. Hematologic and serum biochemical examinations revealed no changes related to the test item in any of the dose groups of both sexes. However, gross findings at necropsy implicated thickening of the stomach wall. In histopathological examinations, prominent findings related to the test item treatment were observed in the stomach and urinary bladder. There were squamous cell papilloma, squamous cell hyperplasia, ulceration and erosion observed in the non-glandular stomach. Squamouse cell hyperplasia was observed at dose levels of more than 125 mg/kg in both sexes and squamous cell papilloma was observed at dose level of 500 mg/kg in both sexes. The incidence and severity of these proliferating lesions including squamous cell hyperplasia and squamous cell papilloma increased with dose dependency. Transitional cell hyperplasia was also observed in the urinary bladder at dose levels of more than 25 mg/kg in both sexes and the incidence and severity of the lesion increased with dose dependency. In conclusion, the toxic changes related to the test item treatment were observed in the stomach and urinary bladder, and the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was estimated to be 5 mg/kg/day for both males and females in F344 rats.
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張東喆 건국대학교 1977 論文集 Vol.5 No.1
A classical school and scholars like J. Viner and G. Haberler among modern scholars says that international division based on the principle of comparative production cost is still useful for underdeveloped countries. They contends a country which has the comparative advantage of agriculture doesn't need to seek industrialization with sacrifice of agriculture, but must specialize in agriculture. In contrast with this R. Nurkse and R. Prebisch oppose to traditional trade theory and inisist the industrialization of underdeveloped countries. Owing to decreasing demand of the primary product of underdeveloped countries and protection policy of developed countries, they believe that they cannot expect the economic development through agriculture specialization. I think Nurkse' and prehisch's industrialization theory is more realistic in overpeopled backward countries. Because the traditional international trade theory supposing general equilibrium under perfect competitution and perfect movement of factors among industries is not suitable to underdeveloped countries which unemployment is serious, and the importance of dynamic factors is large. In this way if the industrialization of underdeveloped countries is inevitable, which way is more desirable, balanced growth or unbalanced growth? When we think over the situation that capital and resources are insufficient in underdeveloped countries, I think the method of Hirschman's unbalanced approach is more realistic. Even so, in underdeveloped countries which linkage effect among industries is small, the effect of the development of one leading sector may not spread over other industries and bring about the waste of resources. Accordingly it is difficult to try only unbalanced growth.
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