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장기주,신인수 韓社大學 産業福祉硏究所 1978 産業福祉 Vol.2 No.-
<Ⅰ> Economists have long been aware of the importance of educational investment. J.A.Schumpeter, for example, stressed the necessity of the leading labour and spirits of enterprise and added that it could be accomplished through more education and training. <Ⅱ> Generally, the investment in education brings in income increase, because there exist the rates of return to educational investment. And G. S. Becker worked positively with the studies about it. But there is in the world today a correlation between the education level and economic level in the various countries. <Ⅲ> The consensus among economists today is that advance in education leads to economic progress. In other words, educational investment as investment in the human resources is a prerequisite for economic growth. A strategic part of the present post training, scientfic and engeering education, reorganization of a cause structure to specific high human power are directly in accordance with an economic objects. For the future demand of human resources, a planner of human resources should put an emphasis on making an exact object than just prediction. And the demand of human resources must be a general one. Mainly, expenditures on education come from local and central government budgets. But the finance support methods as well as sum total are essential. Gradually, the major part of development plans call for the increase expenditures on educational investment.
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張基周 韓社大學 1976 대학논문집 Vol.6 No.-
The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the structure of stag-flation come into being after World War Ⅱ. A typical Peculiarity of the modern capitalism is continuous infla of growing process. The modern inflation is principal axis of domestic factor of rising in price. This can't intercepted by domestic factor, on the contrary, being caused in mechanism of spreading infla in the international. By the background of progression on a sudden innovation after World War Ⅱ, The variety of relative price system is advancing; The level of prices which trends to continuous rise. therefore, the variety in need of a relative price system, through the rise of a absolute price level, was made to realize a mechanism. the two-support of composing the machanism: (1) oligopoly economic structure, (2) to promote effective demand become a powerful spending policy. Furthermore, as if it is the post war economy, The demand of infla-money for high degree growth is continuous increasing. This infla-money is invested to improve the productivity of export leading pattern. Cousequently, in this industry branch, rise of productivity →cost down→constant price →super profit of high rate arise. But in the low productivity branch cost pushed, having been influenced by the high rate wage resulted from stringency of labor's supply and demand. Thus, the stabilization of wholesale prices and rise of consumer's price was generated, that is to say, the infla gap of productivity occurs. this growth infla must soon have spreaded internationally. Recently, the dollar in the U.S.A is only standard of world price; therefore, each country takes a symmetry the balance of payments with the U.S.A., foreign exchange rate is stabilized, at the same time, it is direct connection with domestic monetary value. those factors make a possibility of infla in the opened economic system. Accordingly, the modern infla structure: (1) it is related with the balance of payments; (2) it is related with gold reserve point of the U.S.A; (3) it is proceeding with being restricted of the dollar devaluation. nevertheless, the modern capitalism which must have escaped defla effect, instead of functioning of automatic adjustment of the belance of payments, to be contain the devaluation must have created the economic flow system. Thus, dollar crisis which caused the collapse of IMF system of the modern center of dollar brought to a crisis in the international monetary system. it was caused to be continuous world inflation. In the 1960s, the continuous deficit of balance of payments in the U.S.A. and European countries, and Japan surplus caused the disequilibrium development of the international productivity. This bring about infla of the international disequilibrium development. adopting inflationary accumulative policy, in the modern capitalism get free from depression. Particularly, as America is a central country of the modern capitalism, so that she makes strongly her propulsion. in consequence of, she has been confronted the proceeding of infla than other countries. in this way, the infla of america through deficit of the balance of payments was exported into the surplus country; and propelled the world inflation.
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장기주,이원복 韓社大學 産業福祉硏究所 1975 産業福祉 Vol.1 No.-
Fiscal policy has been processed in various types during capitalistic economy is generated and developed. The Fiscal policy of absolute monarchy has devoted a primary accumulation of capital. but when industrial capitalism was accomplished, national economy was self-adjusting developed without persanal interference. In that times, classical economic theory premised full employment and credited say's law. Therefore, whatever expenditures is non productive, especially, classical economists insisted on that public debt and tax hindered the accumulation of capital-laissez faire. but when it was arrived at the stage of monopolistic capitalism, price mechanism could not be solved the problem of business cycle, thus, capitalistic vision of J.M.Keynes expressed secular stagnation, so to speak , moreover the richer the community, the wider will ten to be the gap between its actual and its potential production and therefore the more obvious and outrageous the detects of the economic system. Total employment depends on total demand, and unemployment results from a deficiency of total demand. as employment increases, income increases. A fundamental principle is that as the real income of a community increases, consumption will also increases but by less than income. Therefore, in order to have sufficient demand to sustain an increase in employment, there must be an increase in real investment equal to the gap between in income and the consumption demand out of that income. Hansen accepted keynes's thought. moreover, He asserted that governmental positive fiscal policy increase national income and achieve economic stability, especially, He proposed a systematically compensatory fiscal policy and lay stress upon a balancing factor-compensatory function.
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