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한국의 정당분권과 지방분권: 메시지, 정치적 분권과 재정적 분권
임성학 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2018 한국과 국제정치 Vol.34 No.1
Decentralization, along with democratization and globalization, is a political trend all over the world. In the case of Korea, many researches on decentralization have been carried out, but mainly the relationship between the central government and local government have been focused on, and political party which is the most important actor in the decentralization process has been ignored. Therefore, researches on political party actively participating on decentralization process were relatively insufficient. This paper attempts to overcome these limitations and examine the decentralization of the political party that plays the leading role in decentralization. In order for the political party to function effectively during the decentralization, local party’s organizations are critical. The local organization that can communicate directly with the voters should be a key of promoting grassroots democracy. However, the decentralization of the Korean parties is a long way to go. Fiscal and political decentralization has not been achieved. In the past, the decentralization has been discussed without political parties and party’s decentralization. This article emphasizes the point that the key actor in the decentralization is the political party and the decentralization should be discussed with it.
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The Role of Political Asset Specificities on the Evolution of Political Institut ions in Korea
임성학 고려대학교 일민국제관계연구원 2011 국제관계연구 Vol.16 No.1
Environmental change, and in sequence institutional disruption produces the background for institutional change. Even though the interests of the powerful are most important in determining outcomes regarding institutional design, the intervening influence of uncertainty ideas become another important variable in determining the form of a new institution. Democratic transition in 1987 and financial crisis in 1997 brought critical institutional disequilibrium. For example, the cartelized party system was taking root after the democratic transition. This party system can be characterized by a high entry barrier against the new political actors as well as parties, the maintenance of the majoritarian electoral system, and the increase of national subsidy to political parties. However, this cartelized structure became the target of political reforms. New idea, neoliberalism, had provided a direction and rationale for political reforms. Following the logic of the market, party organizations were restructured and more American-type political institutions were introduced.
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임성학 한국시민윤리학회 2008 한국시민윤리학회보 Vol.21 No.2
폴스비(Polsby)는 의회의 발전을 의회제도의 제도화로 정의하고 의회제도화의 세 가지 요소로 외부조직으로부터의 자율성(establishment of boundaries), 기능의 분화 및 복합성(growth of internal complexity) 및 업무수행 기준의 보편성(from particularisticand discretionary to universalistic and automated decision making)을 들고 있다. 외부조직으로부터의 자율성에서 의장의 의회경험, 임기 등이 의회의 자율성과 독립성에 막대한 영향을 미치는 것으로 보고 있다. 의회에서 오랜 경험을 갖는 다선의원이 의장선출에 선출되고, 이런 의장들이 오랜 기간 동안 의장직을 수행하는 것을 의회제도화와 자율성의 중요한 척도로 생각한다. 이런 기준에 따르면 한국 국회의 자율성과 독립성은 매우 낮은 수준이며, 따라서 의회의 발전을 위해서는 의장의 임기를 늘리거나 경험 있는 의원이 의장이 될 수 있는 방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다. 장기적으로 국회의장의 권한 강화를 위해서는 국회와 행정부, 대통령과 의회의 관계를 보다 균형적, 수평적으로 바꾸는 것이 필요하다. According to Polsby institutionalization of the National Assembly is the key of its development. It depends on the establishment of boundaries, growth of internal complexity and transition from particularisticand discretionary to universalistic and automated decision making. The establsihment of boundaries means legislative experience and terms of the speaker, which have a great impact on the autonomy and budget. Therefore, the speaker who is elected among whom has long experience and power in the political party is a yardstick for the institutionalization of the National Assembly. If Polsby's standards are applied to the Korean case, it hasn't done well. In order to enlive and empower the National Assembly in Korea we should provide the solution to extend the term of the speaker and to elect the more experienced speaker. In the long run the balance between the executive and legislative branch will be necessary. Because until now the imperial president and overpowered administration has been an obstacle to the autonomy of the sepaker as well as National Assembly.
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임성학 서울대학교 사회과학연구원 2003 한국사회과학 Vol.25 No.1-2
이 논문은 아시아 국가들의 민주주의의 공고화와 여러 변수들과의 상관관계를 살펴보았다. 공고화 수준과 경제발전의 상관관계는 어느 정도 긍정적인 것으로 판단되나, 경제발전은 필요조건이지 충분조건이 되지 못한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 민주화 이행 패턴과 공고화의 경우 개혁과 거래에 의한 민주화를 경험한 국가가 높은 공고화 수준을 보이고 있다. 정당체제와 공고화의 경우 경쟁적 다당제를 운영하는 국가들이 공고화 수준이 높다. 정체성문제와 공고화의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타나지 않았다 결론적으로 경제발전 정도, 이행패턴. 정당체제가 공고화에 가장 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. This paper examines correlations of several socio-political variables with democratization and consolidation of the Asian countries. Economic developement is highly correlated with the level of consolidation. However, it is a necessary but not a country that experiences democratization by reform or pacts shows high level of consolidation. Party system is also known as an essential element of democratic institutionalization. Through the comparative analysis of party system in the Asian countries, competitive multi-party system is highly associated with the consolidation level. National identity and consolidation show no relationship despite an expectation. In conclusion economy development, transition pattern, political party system are the key factor in consolidation in the Asian countries.
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