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學齡人口 減少에 따른 地域別 學校新設係數에 관한 調査 硏究
이화룡 대한건축학회 2006 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.22 No.4
Reports on population movement(2000-2030) by the National Statistical Office show that the number of elementary school age population will be decreased by 1.4million from 2005 to 2020. It will effect both school size and the policies for school facilities, which have focused on downsizing class as the high standard of OECD nations. As the unfolding evidence is emerging that a number of schools and classes will be emptied out by 2030. This study aims at developing a mathematical device for evaluating the validity of school establishment, which would help more reasonable decision-making for new school construction and the class extension in the existing schools. In doing so, it estimates the number of students by a year from 2005 to 2020. Furthermore it proposes the School Establishment Quotient(SEq) which represents the needs of new schools and classes in a district. The SEq consists of class condition quotient, fluctuation quotient in the number of students and school location quotient. Finally, it shows the relative requirement of new schools in 234 districts, which the educational offices can use in the course of planning the student accomodations to schools and making decisions for new school construction and the class extension in the existing schools. This study would be expected to help the reasonable expenditure for school facilities and to restrict overbuilding of surplus classes.
건축디자인 이론의 이중 구조에 대한 연구 : 근대디자인운동 이후를 중심으로 After the Modern Movement
이화룡 대한건축학회 1999 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.15 No.7
This paper starts with an inquiry about the nature of design. Its definition varies depending an where the focus m the spectrum, which is divided by two extremes - art and science, is placed. The author reviews two viewpoints of design which stem from western philosophical tradition, the object -subject dualism. It also renews the relationships between it dualism and architectural styles after the Modern Movement m the 2o-century and tingly discusses the needs to overcome this dual structure in design studies
도시내 미활용 학교부지의 효율적 활용에 관한 연구 - 인천광역시 초등학교를 중심으로 -
이화룡,조창희,하봉운,동재욱,김현호,Lee, Hwa-Ryong,Cho, Chang-Hee,Ha, Bong-Woon,Dong, Jae-Wook,Kim, Hyun-Ho 한국교육시설학회 2012 敎育施設 Vol.19 No.4
In recent years, the change of urban function and the decrease in birth rate have given rise to merge, abolition and relocation of the existing schools. This study explores the possibilities for various land utilizations of disused school sites, using the trial case of 'M' elementary school at Bu-pyung Gu in Incheon Metropolitan City. 'M' elementary school has recently happened to need no more land to build another school because of decreasing the number of students. Firstly, it studies the land reuse theories in city, the development methodologies of disused sites and the legalistic and political authority and limits. It analyzes the urban spacial values and roles, such as the educational roles, spacial functions and development values of the land. In addition, this study make a questionnaire of local residents to converge the public opinions on the utilization of disused school site. Finally, it proposes the principal direction for the effective appropriation and an alternative for exploitation of school site targeting disused school site of 'M' elementary school.
이화룡 대한건축학회 2006 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.22 No.11
The concept of the school as centers of community is growing increasingly important in the planning and policy of school facilities. Schools are becoming a gartering place - a place of life-long learning, shared health and fitness faculties, and a host of other services to enhance community and students' educational success. Additionally, the school, as a locus of positive activity, can serve as a catalyst for strengthening and revitalizing the entire community. At its core, there is a question how community members involve in planning a school facility. To this purpose, this research aims to provide the rationale and a conceptual framework of how to involve the community in the various steps of the school project process by initiating "participatory planning". The participatory planning means the community members' direct involvement in policy initiation, policy decision-making process and the policy implement. In oder that the participatory planning takes root in the school programing and construction phases, the school district should establish a policy to outline the participatory methods, procedures and related activities to involve the community in the various phases of school facility planning. Above all, this research emphasizes that this approach should be based on the principles of recognition, respect and trust between community member and school administrators.
이화룡,동재욱,김진수 한국디지털건축·인테리어학회 2011 한국디지털건축인테리어학회 논문집 Vol.11 No.4
In recent years, the change of urban function and the decrease in birth rate have given rise to merge, abolition and relocation of the existing building in cities. This study explores the possibilities for various land utilizations of relocated urban sites. In doing so, it compares the development methods and the utilization pattern between home and abroad. It analyses the land use categories and the development methodologies of 4 relocated urban sites happened in Seoul and 4 foreign sites. In addition, it analyzes the land utilization after relocation, development principals, area, building usage and changes in land use regulation. Finally, it proposes the directions for developing relocated site and each of roles among the parties concerned. This study concludes that it is available to exploit the relocated urban sites by the variety of development methodologies, especially in a metropolis like Seoul.
농어촌소규모학교 통폐합에 따른 충북지역 기숙형중학교 사용자 만족도 조사 연구
이화룡,조창희,김진구,Lee, Hwa-Ryong,Cho, Chang-Hee,Kim, Jin-Gu 한국교육시설학회 2013 敎育施設 Vol.20 No.6
According to the decrease in birth rate and reduction of population, many schools in rural area have brought about the r decrease of number of student, and environment of education have became deteriorated. Accordingly, small schools be required improvement, and it should be altered placement of schools because it change number of student, distance and time of attending school, and formation of school zone are changed by alternating of human and physical environment. Merger and abolition of small schools are inevitable for change of placement standard to school and qualitative improvement of environment of education in rural area. This study researches the user's satisfaction at the boarding middle school following the merge and abolition of small schools in rural area. Finally, it reports the results of satisfaction research: the users are generally satisfied with education and student school life in the unified dormitory school.
정상 성인 요통 및 요추간판탈출증 환자에서의 H-Reflex에 대한 고찰 : In Normal Dault, Lambago and Lumbar Disc Patients
이화룡,김헌주,이상철,이규호,김달수 대한신경외과학회 1980 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.9 No.1
Since the early discovery of H-reflex by Hoffmann in 1918 there have been a great number of articles in the literature suggesting its clinical uses by Magladery in the early 1950. Our experiments about about measurement of latent time in H-reflex were performed on 40 normal male adult (composed of medicos and medical officers) and 82 patients (lumbago40, lumbar disc 42) admitted at CAPGH from January '79. to August '79. The result about normal adult are as follows: 1) The mean value and the standard deviation of the latent time in normal adult (height 171±5.14cm) is 27.74 ± 1.86 maec at rihht leg, 27.77±1.64 msec at left one respectively. 2) There may be a linear relationship between latency and the height of normal adult and the difference between right and left is revealed 0.15±0.19 msec. We compare the measurement on the 82 patients group with the normal adult experimental groups in addition literatures review.