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Synthesis and Evaluation of Coumaroyl Dipeptide Amide as Potential Whitening Agents
이혜숙,신경훈,Geun-Seog Ryu,조인식,김재일,Jae-Ho Lee,김한영 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.10
Coumaroyl dipeptide amide, Coumaric acid-LG-NH2, was prepared successfully using the solid-phase method, and its efficacy as a skin whitening agent was studied. Coumaric acid-LG-NH2 was prepared with Rink-amide resin, and 96.354% of purity was obtained. Using MTT assay and LDH release assay, we found that it exhibited very low cytotoxicity. And, we found that Coumaric acid-LG-NH2 inhibited tyrosinase activity dose-dependently and showed superior tyrosinase inhibitory activity to well-known whitening agent, arbutin. IC50 value of Coumaric acid-LG-NH2 was 182.4 μM, and IC50 value of arbutin was 384.6 μM. Also, in measurement of melanin contents using B16F1 melanoma cell lines, Coumaric acid-LG-NH2 reduced melanin production induced by α-MSH statistically significant, and showed superior melanin inhibitory activity to p-coumaric acid or arbutin. In addition, Coumaric acid-LG-NH2 reduced MC1R mRNA expression level. Thus, we concluded that MC1R pathway is the significant pathway of Coumaric acid-LG-NH2, and Coumaric acid-LG-NH2 has great potential to be used as novel whitening agents.
마취된 흰쥐 해마신경세포에서 Neurobiotin 이온주입으로 인한 신경세포의 생리적 특성의 변화
이혜숙,이만기,김영진,최병주,Lee, Hye-Sook,Lee, Maan-Gee-G.,Kim, Young-Jin,Choi, Byung-Ju 대한소아치과학회 1999 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.26 No.2
Pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA area were recorded from and filled with neurobiotin in anesthetized rats. The extent of their dendrites and the electropharmacological properties of membrane as well as the effect before and after neurobiotin injection were examined. Pyramidal cells had a high resting membrane potential, a low input resistance, and a large amplitude action potential. A afterhyperpolarization was followed a single action potential. Most pyramidal cells did not display a spontaneous firing. Pyramidal cell displayed weak inward rectification and anodal break excitation in response to negative current injection into the cell. Membrane properties of recorded neurons before and after neurobiotin injection with consecutive current injection were compared. Some properties were significantly increased after labelling(P>0.05); the duration and amplitude of sustained AHP, input resistance, and the number of action potentials for simultaneous intra- and extracellular stimulations. Neurobiotin-filled neurons showed pyramidal morphology. Cells were generally bipolar dendrite processes ramifying in stratum lacunosum-moleculare, radiatum, and oriens. 마취된 흰쥐를 사용하여 해마의 CA영역에 위치한 피라밋세포들의 세포막 특성을 in vivo의 세포내 기록법에 의해서 관찰한 후 2.5% neurobiotin을 세포내 기록용 미세전극에 채워 세포내로 충진시킨후 충진전과 동일한 실험순서로 반응을 다시 관찰하고 ABC kit를 이용하여 면역조직염색을 행하여 형태학적인 관찰을 하였다. 피라밋세포의 세포내 반응 특성은 높은 휴지막 세포막전위, 낮은 input resistance 그리고 큰 활동전위를 가졌다. neurobiotin 충진 전 후에 따른 세포막 특성의 변화는 sustained AHP의 duration과 amplitude, input resistance, 그리고 세포외 및 세포내 자극에 따른 AP 수에서 유의한 차이를 보였고(P<0.05), 세포외 자극에 의한 억제는 주로 전반부에 나타났으며 CA3 영역에 위치한 이 세포의 형태학적 관찰 결과 세포체는 피라밋층에서 분명한 피라미드 형태를 띄고 있었고 기저 및 선단 가지가 각각 백색판층 및 섬유방-분자층까지 뻗어 있었으며 축삭은 겉질을 향해 기저가지돌기면에서 수직으로 뻗어 있었다. 해마의 주세포인 피라밋세포의 세포막 특성과 세포내 염색지시체(marker)로 주로 쓰이는 neurobiotin에 의해 세포막 특성중 일부가 변화됨을 알 수 있었고, 뇌내의 신경세포연결망이 완전히 보존되어 세포들 사이의 시냅스관계를 추측할 수 있는 in vivo 실험 모델이 응용될 수 있음을 제시하였다.
Safety effect of fermented oyster extract on the endocrine disruptor assay in vitro and in vivo
이혜숙,Hyun Hwang-Bo,Seon Yeong Ji,Seyeon Oh,Kyung-A Byun,Joung-Hyun Park,Bae-Jin Lee,Gi Young Kim,최영현 한국수산과학회 2021 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.24 No.10
Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is a marine bivalve mollusk widely distributed in coastal areas, and have been long widely used in industrial resources. Several studies demonstrated that fermented oyster (FO) extract attribute to bone health, but whether administration of FO play as an endocrine disruptor has not been studied. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effect of FO on the endocrine system in vitro and in vivo. As the results of the competitive estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) binding affinities, FO was not combined with ER-α, ER-β, and AR. However, 17β-estradiol and testosterone, used as positive control, were interacted with ER and AR, respectively. Meanwhile, oral administration of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of FO doesn’t have any harmful effect on the body weight, androgen-dependent sex accessory organs, estrogen-dependent-sex accessory organs, kidney, and liver in immature rats. In addition, FO supplementation has no effect on the serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, and 17β-estradiol. However, the relative weight of androgen- and estrogen-dependent organs were significantly increased by subcutaneously injection of 4.0 mg/kg of testosterone propionate (TP) and by orally administration of 1.0 μg of 17α-ethynyl estradiol (EE) in immature male and female rats, respectively. Furthermore, TP and EE administration markedly decreased the serum LH and FSH levels, which are similar those of mature Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat. Furthermore, the testosterone and 17β-estradiol levels were significantly enhanced in TP and EE-treated immature rats. Taken together, our findings showed that FO does not interact with ER and AR, suggesting consequentially FO does not play as a ligand for ER and AR. Furthermore, oral administration of FO did not act as an endocrine disruptor including androgenic activity, estrogenic activity, and abnormal levels of sex hormone, indicating FO may ensure the safety on endocrine system to develop dietary supplement for bone health.
제주도의 도심, 감귤, 해안지역에 따른 초, 중, 고등학생의 흡입 알레르겐 감작률 비교연구
이혜숙 ( Hye Sook Lee ),홍성철 ( Sung Chul Hong ),김재왕 ( Jae Wang Kim ),김수영 ( Su Young Kim ),이근화 ( Keun Hwa Lee ),김정홍 ( Jeong Hong Kim ),최승효 ( Seung Hyo Choi ),임길채 ( Gil Chai Lim ),이재천 ( Jae Chun Lee ),김미옥 ( 대한보건협회 2011 대한보건연구 Vol.37 No.1
Objectives: This study is performed to find the difference of the regional inhalant allergy sensitization rates of the Students in Jeju Province, by comparing the urban, tangerine farming and coastal areas. Methods: The skin prick tests were applied to the 1,665 students of ages 9~16 in 3 schools in the urban area, 4 schools in the tangerine farming areas and 6 schools in the coastal areas. The skin prick tests were conducted from April 12~28, 2010. Results: There were 1,549 valid samples. The result showed 43.7% of the regional allergic sensitization rates of the Elementary, Middle and High School Students in Jeju Province. The sensitization rates by region were 50.2% in the tangerine farming areas, 40.9% in the urban areas, and 36.3% in the coastal areas. The allergens showing more than 7% sensitization rate included Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Japanese cedar, and Alternaria alternate. The tangerine farming areas showed 1.52 times higher sensitization rate to house dust mite, and 2.61 times to Japanese cedar while the coastal areas showed 3.45 times higher sensitization rate to Alternaria alternata. Conclusion: The sensitization rates showed a remarkable difference between the regions in jeju. The continuous and excessive exposure to allergens can develop or worsen allergic diseases. Therefore, counter measures are required to prevent and manage the regional allergens.
제주도 서귀포시 고등학생의 알레르기질환 유병률과 위험인자
이혜숙 ( Hye Sook Lee ),홍성철 ( Sung Chul Hong ),김수영 ( Su Young Kim ),김재왕 ( Jae Wang Kim ),이근화 ( Keun Hwa Lee ),이재천 ( Jae Chun Lee ) 대한보건협회 2012 대한보건연구 Vol.38 No.1
Objectives : While atopic dermatitis and asthma developed in the infant ages are on the decrease in the adolescence, allergic rhinitis might be increased in the adolescent age, showing allergy march. Despite this, the epidemiological surveys for the high school students aged adolescence are insufficient. For this reason, we, researchers, conducted the surveys of the prevalence and risk factors of allergic diseases. The subject of our study is the high school students residing in Seogwipo, Jeju Province. Methods : For this survey, the questionnaire designed in "International Study of Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)" was applied to 4,098 high school students (Male:2,081; Female:2,017) in November, 2008. To produce meaningful results, the environmental factors were added to the questionnaire. The responses to the prevalence and risk factors of allergic diseases were given by the students and their parents. Results : For asthma, the prevalence of "wheeze, ever", "diagnosis, ever" and "treatment, last 12 months" were 11.4%, 7.2% and 2.2%, respectively. For allergic rhinitis, the prevalence of "allergic rhinitis, ever", "diagnosis, ever" and "treatment, last 12 months" were 41.9%, 25.0% and 17.2%, respectively. For atopic dermatitis, the prevalence of "itchy eczema, ever", "diagnosis, ever" and "treatment, last 12 months" were 16.7%, 21.1% and 10.2%, respectively. The common risk factors of allergic diseases are caused by the history of their parents` allergic diseases. Conclusion : The prevalence of allergic diseases of high school students in Seogwipo is lower, compared to that in other regions. But the prevalence of asthma and atopic dermatitis are higher. Accordingly, measures for an extended investigation on the risk factors of allergic diseases are required in order to prevent a progression of allergic diseases from adolescence to adulthood.