일본의 성년후견제도의 이용실태를 통한 우리나라에의 시사점 -전문직 후견인의 부정행위를 중심으로-

이충은 제주대학교 법과정책연구원 2015 法과 政策 Vol.21 No.3

노령과 질병으로 인해 판단능력이 부족한 자를 보호하고 일상적인 생활을 영위할 수 있도록 하는 것이 성년후견제도이다. 성년후견제도는 기존의 무능력자 제도와는 달리 의사능력이 결여된 사람에 대한 낙인효과를 방지하고 자기결정권을 최대한 보장함으로써 피후견인의 복리를 실현시키겠다는 취지를 갖고 있다. 우리나라는 이미 2000년에 고령화 사회에 접어들었으며, 앞으로도 고령 인구의 비율이 지속적으로 증가할 것이 예상되는 만큼, 성년후견제도가 향후 이루고 있는 역할은 매우 클 것으로 보인다. 따라서 성년후견제도가 건전한 형태로 기능을 발휘함과 동시에 안정적으로 조기에 정착할 수 있도록 면밀한 검토가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 올해로 시행 15년을 맞이한 일본은 성년후견제도가 실시된 이래 후견제도의 이용건수가 해마다 증가하고 있다. 이러한 점에서 성년후견제도의 입법목적을 달성한 것으로 보이지만, 문제는 이용건수만 증가한 것이 아니라 성년후견인의 배임과 착복 등 부정행위까지도 함께 증가하였다는 것이다. 현재까지 발각된 사건이 전부가 아닐 것이고, 성년후견제도를 비즈니스의 영역으로 인식하게 됨으로써 부정한 의도를 가진 성년후견인이 발생하고 있다는 점에서 그 문제는 날로 심각해 질 것으로 보인다. 특히, 피후견인의 연령이 점차 고령화되고, 경제적 불황 등으로 인해 유혹에 빠지기 쉬운 사회적 상황으로 발전되어 가고 있으며, 부정행위가 즉시 발각되는 것이 아니라 일정 시간이 지난 후에 발각되는 경우가 많다는 점에서 그 유혹에 더욱 쉽게 빠져들게 될 것이다. 우리나라의 경우도 일본과 마찬가지로 성년후견 사건의 수가 지속적으로 증가하고 있으며, 이로 인한 배임과 착복 등 부정행위의 발생도 함께 증가할 것으로 예상되는 바, 본 논문에서는 일본의 성년후견제도 이용실태를 면밀히 분석하여 사전 방지책을 강구함으로써 안정적이고 성공적인 성년후견제도의 정착에 기여하고자 한다. The adult guardianship system is to protect those with weaker assessment ability due to advanced age and illness and help them lead a normal daily life. The purpose of the system, unlike the existing scheme for the incompetent, is to prevent any social stigma on people lacking a decision making ability and ensure their right to make a decision on their own to the maximum extent with a view to realize the wellbeing of the wards. South Korea already became an aging society in 2000 and its elderly population is predicted to increase continuously. In this situation, the adult guardianship scheme will play a huge role in the future as well. Therefore, the scheme should be closely investigated for its sound functionality provision and stable early settlement in the society. The adult guardianship system of Japan marks 15th year of implementation this year and since its execution, the number of cases dealt with under the scheme has grown every year. In this aspect, it may seem that the system achieved its legal purposes. But the problem is that what has increased is not only the number of cases but also relevant fraudulent behaviors of adult guardians such as malpractices and embezzlements. It is certain that not all of such abusive behaviors have been uncovered so far. And ill-intended adult guardians increase as they gradually recognize the guardianship system as a business. For this reason, the problems seem to grow more serious. Especially in a situation where the age of wards grows older and the social conditions such as slow economy make more people easily succumb to evil temptations as fraudulent behaviors tend not to be detected instantly but later on, after a certain time. Just like Japan, South Korea experiences the continuously rising number of cases dealt with under the adult guardianship scheme. Together with this trend, also relevant embezzlement, misappropriation, and other violations are expected to move up as well. in this recognition, the study seeks to contribute to the stable and successful landing of adult guardianship system by scrutinizing the implementation status of Japan’s adult guardianship system and exploring corresponding preventive measures.

Post - transcriptional Modulation of IgE Receptor Gene Expression by Interferon - γ

이충은,윤석란,양영,변광호 생화학분자생물학회 1992 생화학분자생물학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

프랜차이즈계약에서의 정보제공의무에 관한 연구

이충은 아주대학교 법학연구소 2014 아주법학 Vol.7 No.4

현대사회에서는 경제상황의 급격한 발달로 인해 상품 및 거래내용이 복잡하고 다양하게 됨으로써 일방당사자의 지식 또는 정보수집 능력이 타방당사자에 비하여 현저하게 떨어지는 경우가 발생하게 된다. 정보량의 격차는 계약체결에 있어서 의사결정을 좌우할 수 있는 매우 중요한 사항으로,대등하지 않는 양 당사자 간의 계약은 불공정한 요소를 포함할 가능성이 크다. 이러한 불공정한 계약을 방지하기 위하여 우리나라는 ‘약관의 규제에관한 법률’, ‘독점규제 및 공정거래에 관한 법률’ 등을 두고 있으며, 특히 프랜차이즈 계약에 있어서 불공정한 관행을 규제하기 위하여 ‘가맹사업거래의 공정화에 관한 법률’을 두고 있다. 가맹사업거래의 공정화에 관한 법률은 허위 과장광고로 인해 피해를 입은 가맹희망자들이 계약체결 전 미리가맹본부로부터 중요한 정보를 제공받음으로써 경제적 법률적으로 약자의지위에 있는 가맹점사업자를 보호하는 사전적 구제책으로서의 역할을 하고있다. 그러나 동법은 사후적 구제수단으로써 가맹계약의 무효 또는 해제,손해배상의 청구 등 민사적 책임에 대해서는 직접적인 규정을 두고 있지 않다. 결국, 현행법상 민사법일반 이론에 의지할 수밖에 없는 실정이다. 이에 본 논문은 프랜차이즈 계약을 체결함에 있어서 정보수집능력 및 교섭능력에서 우위에 있는 가맹본부에 의해 일방적으로 작성된 계약서에 의한 계약을 체결함으로써 법률지식 등이 부족한 가맹희망자가 불공정한 거래내용으로 손해를 입는 것을 방지하고, 이미 발생한 분쟁에서 이들을 보호하기 위한 제도로서 민사적 제재수단을 적극적으로 활용할 수 있는 법리를 연구하고 있다.

Failed Political Desire in Romantic Revenge Tragedy: Byron’s Marino Faliero

이충은 한국영미어문학회 2020 영미어문학 Vol.- No.136

This paper explores the theme of failed political desire in Lord Byron's Marino Faliero in terms of the traditional lineage of the revenge tragedy. I will investigate the progress of Romantic writer's political tendency toward national reform, which led to the failure of political desire at the end of drama as a reflection of their frustration in reality. During this time spent in a foreign and continental country, right after finishing his Manfred, Byron was particularly interested in writing a political drama concerning the actual tragedy which occurred in Venice, Italy. In Byron's mind, the political situation of Italy's past could be compared with the current reality of England during the Romantic period. The historical tragedy was based on the real story of the execution of the Italian doge, Marino Faliero, who was engaged in a conspiracy against Italian sovereignty which led to the fatal decapitation. Doge's crisis implicitly shows Byron's failed political desire for reform.

7. 極地에서의 海洋建設

李忠東(이충동) 대한토목학회 1986 대한토목학회지 Vol.34 No.6

The Justification of English National Imperialism in John Dryden’s Poems

이충은 한국외국어대학교 영미연구소 2015 영미연구 Vol.34 No.-

John Dryden justifies imperialism as means of strengthening the Stuart’s monarchy in his poems. Since Dryden serves as a public poet who celebrates and praises the imperial movement, his poems mostly deal with political agendas. In particular, John Dryden acts as the political prophet for the culmination of English imperialism in which the Stuart monarchy reigns. It is through the analogue between the Roman Empire and Dryden’s London that he wants to predict the destined future of English imperialism. Furthermore, Dryden identifies King Arthur with King Charles II. Dryden defines the Stuart Monarchy as legitimate descendants of King Arthur. Such an emphasis on the Stuart monarchy is believed to fulfill the Golden Age in England. Dryden also venerates the critical Charles II by placing of him and Caesar in tandem because of his palpable impact on English fate. In addition, using the religious metaphor, Dryden espouses the imperial regeneration of King Charles II beyond the human power in his poem. By identifying Holland with savage, Dryden justifies the imperial power of England which aims at defeating and struggling against the enemy country. The axiomatic starting point for the English imperialism is to remove the national evil, Holland, from which the entire world would suffer. The English nation should be preserved from the onset of the Thames for the purpose of its imperial mission. Moreover, Dryden’s imperial desire is straightforward in delineating the imperial design for the colonization. The imperial enthusiasm for a New Land causes Dryden to create the poem whereby colonizing a remote land is envisioned as series of English benign determination. In a word, Dryden’s poems equivalently share uniformed structures of panegyric based on the historical legitimacy and his poems serve as the means to revive and incorporate the imperial paradigm.

A Nihilistic Journey to Restore Art in Ezra Pound's “Hugh Selwyn Mauberley”

이충은 한국외국어대학교 영미연구소 2013 영미연구 Vol.28 No.-

Ezra Pound shows his pessimistic attitude toward the distorted art under the capitalism in “Hugh Selwyn Mauberley.” Because the grandeur of art, especially poetry, had decayed into a lower and tawdrier class, Pound reveals his genuine lamentation of contemporary reality throughout his poem. Pound, by way of the two poetic speakers, E.P. and Mauberley, attempts to return to the classical Greek era, Egyptian art, and the Chinese orientalism. Pound's motivation for the journey relies upon the deliberate deconstruction of modern capitalism in favor of Art for Art's sake. However, he eventually recognizes the meaningless breakdown in the middle of pursuing his artistic goal. The reorientation to revive the classical values is entangled with his frustration and revulsion in himself as a decadent artist. In addition, due to the banal horror caused by the remnants of World War I, the modern age greatly suffers from the disillusionment of the broken civilization in the waste land. On the whole, Pound fundamentally articulates the nihilism of western civilization in the process of his journey into the exotic cultures such as Egypt, Greece and China.

B 세포 활성화 유도물질이 proto-oncogene 발현에 미치는 영향 : B 세포 증식효과와의 관련성 분석 No direct correlation with B cell proliferation response

이충은 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1995 論文集 Vol.46 No.1

인체 B세포 활성화 과정의 분자적기전을 조사하기 위하여 IL-4. anti-IgM 및 anti-CD40같은 B세포 활성화 물질이 B세포의 proto-oncogene 발현유도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 휴지기 B세포에 anti-IgM의 자극을 가하였을 때 c-myc과 c-fos의 발현이 현저하게 유도되었으나, IL-4의 자극을 가하였을때는 c-fos만이 유도되었다. 또한 anti-IgM과 IL-4를 동시처리 하였을시는 각각을 단독처리하였을때보다 B세포의 증식효과가 크게 상승하였으나, c-myc 또는 c-fos의 발현에는 이러한 상승작용이 관찰되지 않았다. 한편 B세포 활성화 분자인 CD40를 통한 자극에 의하여 c-myc의 발현이 뚜렷이 유도되었는데, 이때에 B세포 증식효과는 나타나지 않았다. 이 결과들은 IL-4, anti-IgM 및 anti-CD40에 의하여 B세포의 증식이 유도되는 과정에서 c-fos나 c-myc과 같은 proto-oncogene의 작용이 직접적으로 관여하지 않음을 시사하며, 아마도 다른 proto-oncogene이나 이들이 down-stream effector들의 작용이 관여하여 이들 B세포 활성화물질에 의한 B세포 증식의 상승효과를 유발할 가능성을 제시한다. To investigate the molecular mechanism of human B cell activation by interleukin-4(IL-4), anti-IgM, and anti-CD40, effects of these B cell activating agents on the induction of proto-oncogene expression were examined. Anti-IgM stimulation of resting B cells induced both c-myc and c-fos expression, while IL-4 induced c-fos but not c-myc. Although the combined treatment of anti-IgM plus IL-4 caused a synergistic effects on B cell proliferation, there was no concomittant enhancement of c-myc or c-fos transcript levels. Interestingly, a soluble anti-CD40 Ab (5C3) strongly induced c-myc proto-oncogene. Yet this soluble Ab alone or even together with IL-4 induced no apparent proliferation of B cells. These data suggest that there is no direct correlation between proto-oncogene, c-fos or c-myc expression and human B cell proliferation induced by IL-4, anti-IgM or anti-CD40. It appears that the reported synergistic effect of IL-4 and anti-IgM or anti-CD40 on B cell proliferation, results from the regulation of other B cell proto-oncogene expression and/or from the action of further down-stream effectors.

인체 B 림프구 활성화의 신호전달과정에서 IL-4 수용체와 CD40 분자간의 상호작용

이충은,윤석란,변광호 大韓免疫學會 1995 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.17 No.3

Stimulation of B cells through CD40 antigen has been reported to agument the interleukin-4(IL-4)induced B cell proliferation and differentiation. In order to elucidate mechanisms underlying the synergistic action, we examined the effect of CD40-mediated signal on the IL-4-induced B cell activation. Treatment of dense, resting tonsillar B cells with agonistic anti-CD40 mAb caused a noticeable induction of IL-4 receptor(IL-4R) mRNA expression within hours, which was followed by a significant enhancement of the IL-4-induced surface IL-4R and CD23 expression, suggesting a role of CD40 in amplifying the IL-4-induced signal. Signal interplay between the IL-4 and the CD40 system was further supported by the observation that, in tonsillar B cells, IL-4 plus anti-IgM induced CD40 expression and tyrosine phosphorylation of IL-4R, and that anti-CD40 co-immunoprecipitated the IL-4R and the IL-4R associated tyrosine kinase activity, which implies a possible molecular interaction between IL-4R and CD40. Together these results suggest that there is a cross-talk between CD40-and the IL-4R-mediated signal transduction system during the T cell-dependent B cell activation.

Coleridge’s “The Rime of The Ancient Mariner”: Pilgrimage for Religious Salvation

이충은 신영어영문학회 2016 신영어영문학 Vol.64 No.-

Coleridge’s “The Rime of The Ancient Mariner” is greatly related to Christian message, and it appears to have an autobiographical aspect. It is possible to interpret this poem about undergoing the religious pilgrimage in that the Mariner, the surrogacy of Coleridge, is coming to be redeemed by the truth of God. Moreover, Coleridge equates the process of writing imaginative poems with his redemptive voyage, because his fragmented imagination caused by the opium can be restored by the religious pilgrimage. Coleridge’s imaginative powers and concentration were literally destroyed by the drug: his intellectual capacity was fearfully eroded: His sense of truth hopelessly distorted. Under this circumstance, one crucial way to relieve himself from the degenerative quandary was to write his personal guilt in his poems like “The Rime of The Ancient Mariner.” It is through the poet’s employment of the biblical images that Coleridge tries subconsciously to overcome his irrationality and ultimately to reach the state of redemption.