진주시 주변 산림에서 안개의 화학적 특성

이총규 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2012 농업생명과학연구 Vol.46 No.6

This study was carried out to analyze chemical compositions of the fog water of a forest area, Jinju and to provide basic information for establishing measures on the acid fog water of forest area. The results are as follows: The pH of fog water was 4.3 in 2010, whereas the pH in 2011 was 4.0. The electrical conductivity of the fog water was 477.2㎲ in 2010, and 562.7㎲ in 2011. Among the anions, the concentration of NO3- was the highest, which recorded 267.1 mg/L in spring season and 279.1 mg/L in summer season, followed by SO42- at the concentration of 177.2 mg/L in spring season and 198.6mg/L in summer season. In autumn and winter, the concentration of NO3- was highest as 217.7 mg/L and 237.9 mg/L, respectively and followed by SO42-, which concentration was 164.2 mg/L in autumn season and 190.1 mg/L in winter season (p<0.05). Among the cations, the concentration of Ca2+ was 221.3 mg/L in spring and 233.7mg/L in summer, followed by Na+ at 125.1 mg/L in spring season and 131.7 mg/L in summer In autumn and winter, the concentration of Ca2+ was highest at 196.8 mg/L and 198.8 mg/L, followed by Na+ at the concentration of 97.1 mg/L in autumn and 117.2 mg/L in winter (p<0.05). The pH of the fog rain that causes acid mist showed the correlation with Ca++ (1% of level), EC(r=-0.9861**), NO3- (r=-0.9677**), and SO42- (r=-0.9510**). The regression equation on the factors affecting the generation of acidic fog rain was estimated to be a Y(pH)= 6.4627 + 0.9723X2(EC) + 0.9364X4(NO3-) + 0.9044X5(SO42- )+ 0.8049X10(Ca2+) + 0.6709X8(K+) (r2=0.8787). 본 연구는 안개를 채취하여 화학적 조성을 분석하고 금후 산성안개의 대책에 필요한 기초자료로 활용하고자 수행하였다. 안개수의 pH는 2010년도가 4.3이었고, 2011년은 4.0으로서 강한 산성이었고, 전기전도도는 평균 477.2와 562.7 ㎲이었다. 안개수의 음이온 중 봄철과 여름철 NO3- 농도가 각각 267.1, 279.1 mg/L로서 가장 높았고, 다음으로 SO42- 농도가 각각 177.2, 198.6 mg/L이었다. 가을과 겨울철 NO3- 농도가 각각 217.7, 237.9 mg/L로서 가장 높았고, 다음으로 SO42-농도가 각각 164.2, 190.1 mg/L이었다(p<0.05). 양이온은 봄철과 여름철 Ca2+농도가 각각 221.3, 233.7 mg/L로서 가장 높았고, Na+ 농도가 각각 125.1, 131.7 mg/L이었다. 가을과 겨울철에 Ca2+농도가 각각 196.8, 198.8 mg/L로서 가장 높았고, 다음으로 Na+ 농도가 각각 97.1, 117.2 mg/L이었다(p<0.05). 산성안개를 일으키는 안개수의 pH와 EC(r=-0.9861**), NO3-(r=-0.9677**), SO42- (r=-0.9510**), Ca2+는 1% 수준에서 상관이 있었다. 산성안개수의 생성에 영향을 하는 인자의 회귀 방정식을 나타내면 Y(pH)= 6.4627 + 0.9723X2(EC) + 0.9364X4(NO3-) + 0.9044X5(SO42- )+ 0.8049X10(Ca2+) + 0.6709X8(K+) (r2=0.8787)로 추정되었다.

Molecular diversity of endobacterial communities in edible part of King oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) based on 16S rRNA

이총규,모하메드 아지줄 하크,최병록,이희율,황정은,안민주,조계만,Lee, Choung Kyu,Haque, Md. Azizul,Choi, Byoung Rock,Lee, Hee Yul,Hwang, Chung Eun,Ahn, Min Ju,Cho, Kye Man The Microbiological Society of Korea 2015 미생물학회지 Vol.51 No.2

세균 16S rRNA 유전자 특이 프라이머를 기초로 하여 중합 효소연쇄반응을 이용하여 Pleurotus eryngii (큰느타리 버섯)의 내부에 존재하는 세균의 다양성을 조사하였다. 세균 16S rRNA의 라이브러리는 버섯 갓(BC, body cap)와 줄기(BS, body stipe)로 구성하였다. BC 20 클론은 네 그룹으로 구별되었고 가장 큰 그룹은 Firmicutes (클론의 40%) 있었다. 그러나, BS 20 클론은 여섯 그룹으로 나뉘어졌고 가장 큰 그룹은 Actinobacteria (클론의 40%) 있었다. 전체 버섯 내에 존재하는 세균 그룹은 그람양성 세균(62.5%) 있었다. The diversity of endobacteria in the edible part (cap and stipe) king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) was investigated using 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The bacterial 16S rRNA libraries were constructed from the body cap (BC) and the body stipe (BS) of the king oyster mushroom. The twenty sequenced BC clones were divided into four groups and the largest group was affiliated with the Firmicutes (40% of clones). While, the twenty sequenced BS clones could be divided into six groups and the largest group was affiliated with the Actinobacteria (40% of clones). The predominant bacterial family from both the cap and stipe of the mushroom was corresponded with the Gram positive bacteria (62.5%).

Morphological Characteristics of Thecodiplosis japonensis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Larvae in Pine Forests Around Onsan Industrial Complex in Ulsan, Korea

이총규,Lee, Chong-Kyu Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2017 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.56 No.1

환경오염원으로부터 지역별 솔잎혹파리 피해도의 차이를 조사하기 위하여 실시한 결과, 솔잎혹파리 충영형성율은 석유화학공단에 의한 환경오염이 심각한 상황에 있는 공단지역은 충영형성률 47.94%이었고, 대조지역은 9.94%였다. 솔잎혹파리 피해엽은 공단지역 피해엽의 길이는 평균 4.5 cm 였으며, 대조지역은 평균 4.9 cm 이었다. 솔잎혹파리 피해엽의 충영내 유충의 수는 공단지역은 평균 3.4개체이었고, 대조지역은 2.4개체 이었다. 성숙유충의 크기는 공단지역이 유충체장은 2.40 mm, 체폭은 0.7 mm 이었으며, 대조지역의 유충체장은 2.45 mm, 체폭은 0.71 mm 이었다. The results from our investigation showed differences in pine needle damage by Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye and indicate serious environmental pollution caused by a petrochemical industrial complex. The gall formation rate by T. japonensis near the industrial complex was 47.94% compared to 9.94% in the site farthest from the complex. The average length of pine needles damaged by T. japonensis near the industrial complex and farthest site were 4.5 cm and 4.9 cm, respectively. The average number of larvae in pine needle galls near the industrial complex and farthest site were 3.4 and 2.4, respectively. The average body length and width of fullgrown larvae near the industrial complex were 2.40 mm and 0.7 mm, respectively, whereas larvae in the site farthest from the complex were 2.45 mm in length and 0.71 mm in width.

The Changes of Damage Rate by Peach Pyralid Moth, Dichocrocis punctiferalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Chestnut Orchards from 1995 to 2010 Year

이총규,Lee, Chong-Kyu Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2011 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.50 No.4

밤나무 재배지에서 밤의 종실에 발생하여 알밤을 가해하는 복숭아명나방(Dichocrocis punctiferalis) 을 선정된 조사지역에서 1995년부터 2010년까지 16년 동안 년도별, 지역별, 숙기별로 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 년도별 피해율은 1998년이 34.5%로 가장 높았고, 2000년이 17.9%로 가장 낮았다. 년도별 피해율의 패턴은 3년의 반복 주기로 변화되었다. 복숭아명나방의 피해율과 강우량과는 부의 상관($-0.6261^*$)이었고, 온도의 상관은 정의 상관($0.5826^*$)이었다. 조사 지역의 전체 평균 피해율은 22.2%이었고, 조사지역 중에서 합천지역이 27.0%로서 가장 높았고, 함양지역이 15.0%로서 가장 낮았다. 밤나무 성숙기별 피해율은 조생종인 단택품종이 26.1%로서 피해율이 가장 높았고, 중생종과 만생종인 축파, 은기품종의 피해율이 각각 19.3%, 21.1%로 같은 수준이었다. The damage rates of peach pyralid moth(Dichocrocis punctiferalis), which damages the chestnut fruits, were investigated annually from 1995 to 2010 according to year, region, and maturity. The damage rate by D. punctiferalis was the highest (34.5%) in 1998 and was the lowest (17.9%) in 2000. The pattern of the damage rate showed a repeating three-year cycle. There was a negative correlation ($-0.6261^*$) between rainfall and damage rate. There was a positive correlation ($0.5826^*$) between temperature and damage rate. The average damage rate of all surveyed regions was 22.2%. Of the surveyed areas, Hapcheon had the highest at 27% and Hamyang had the lowest at 15.0%. The damage rate of chestnut fruit depending on the maturity was 26.1% in an early maturing cultivar (Dantaek), and 19.3% and 21.1% in a late maturing cultivar (Eungi) and a medium maturing cultivar (Chukpa), respectively.

낙엽송잎벌 천적인 낙엽송잎벌살이뾰족맵시벌의 생물학적 특성

이총규,이상길,박일권,Lee, Chong-Kyu,Lee, Sang-Gil,Park, Il-Kwon 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.48 No.4

낙엽송의 새로운 해충인 낙엽송잎벌의 천적 종류, 발생량 및 생활사를 강원도 철원과 태백에서 2006년부터 2007년까지 2년간 조사하였다. 주요 천적으로는 낙엽송잎벌살이뾰족맵시벌로 동정되었다. 낙엽송잎벌살이뾰족맵시벌의 1화기 낙엽송잎벌에의 기생률은 우화상 조사에서 42%로 높은 기생률을 보였다. 출현 시기는 5월부터 9월 사이였으며, 최성기는 5월 21일부터 6월 20일 사이였다. 낙엽송잎벌살이뾰족맵시벌의 발생 수와 시기는 기주인 낙엽송잎벌과 매우 밀접한 관계가 있었다. We surveyed natural enemies of Pachynematus itoi Okutani, newly recorded sawfly pest of Larix leptolepis, and investigated their occurrence and life cycle at Cheolwon and Taebaek, Gangwon Province in 2006~2007. Endasys liaoningensis was identified as main natural enemy of P. itoi Okutani. Parasitism of E. liaoningensiswas was 42%. Emergence period of E. liaoningensis was from May to September, and the peak of emergence was from 21th May to 20th June. It was suggested that the occurrence number and period of E. liaoningensis were quite closely relative to those of host, P. itoi.

산림내 강우에 의한 산성 강하물의 영향 평가

이총규,김종갑 한국생태학회 1998 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.21 No.5

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of acid deposition by stemflow, throughfall, rainfall and $SO_{2}$ in the industrial, urban and rural areas where were affected by the acid rain areas air pollution in Pinus thunbergii than Quercus spp. forest. As the stemflow pH in industrial and urban area were lowed that of rural area, the result industrial and urban, and correlation of negative ($r=-0.9415^{**}$) between pH and EC. The concentration of acid ion by stemflow, throughfall, rainfall were high $SO_{4}^{2-}$ ion at industrial areas, especially of $NO_{3}^{-}$ ion at urban areas. The concentration of basic ion all rain fall were high $Ca^{2+},\;Na^{+}$ ion at industrial areas, but there were high $Ca^{2+}$, $Na^{+}$ ion at urban areas. The concentration of $SO_{2}$ at survey areas were high $SO_{2}$ concentration at industrial and urban areas, but there was low at rural areas. There was correlation of negative ($r=-0.8007^{**}$ between pH and $SO_{2}$ concentration at survey areas. Soil acidity was also affected by stemflow and showed sigificantly low pH in industerial and urban areas.

친환경적 밤 종실해충 방제 연구

이총규,Lee, Chong-Kyu 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.48 No.1

밤 종실의 생산량과 재배 농가의 소득증대를 위한 친환경적 방제 기술을 보급하고자 밤의 주 생산지인 경상남도 밤나무 집단 재배지에서 몇 가지 친환경적인 방법으로 처리하였다. 그 결과, 복숭아명나방(Dichocrocis punctiferalis)의 피해율은 조생종(단택, 삼조생)의 경우, 웜스톱 처리구에서 피해율이 7.76%로 가장 낮았고, 웜스톱+목초액, 포충등 처리구 순으로 증가였다. 중생종(유마, 축파)의 피해율은 웜스톰 처리구에서 13.39%로 가장 낮았으며, 만생종(박미, 은기)은 피해율간 유의차가 있었다(p<0.05). 처리별 방제가는 조생종, 만생종 밤의 웜스톱 처리구에서 각각 40.49%, 41.89%로 가장 높았다. 밤바구미(Curculio sikkimensis)의 피해율은 조생종과 중생종 밤에서 낮았으며, 숙기별 처리간의 유의차가 없었다(p>0.05). 만생종 밤에서의 피해율은 웜스톱과 이미다클로프리드 처리구가 15.38%로 가장 피해율이 낮았으며, 항공방제, 웜스톱, 포충등 처리구 순이었다. 밤바구미(Curculio sikkimensis)에 대한 처리별 방제가는 조생종과 중생종에서는 낮았고, 만생종의 웜스톱과 이미다클로프리드, 항공방제 처리구에서 방제가는 각각 34.59%, 28.94%였다. This study was conducted to develop environmentally friendly control techniques to reduce chestnut insect pests. The study sites were selected in intensive chestnut orchards of Jinju city, Gyeongnam province. In early and middle-ripening cultivars of chestnut tree, the damage of chestnut fruits by Dichocrocis punctiferalis was significantly lower in wromstop than other treatment such as wromstop+wood vinegar, Capture-machine (p<0.05), While there was no significant difference among treatments in late-ripening cultivars. The hight control effect for D. punctiferalis was showed the highest in wromstop treanment with 40.49% and 41.89% in early and late-ripening cultivars. The control effects for Curculio sikkimensis in late-ripening cultivars of chestnut tree were 34.59% in wromstop imidacloprid treatment and 28.94% in air control treatment.

금원산 자연휴양림 내 들쥐류의 종 분포 및 특성

이총규,강영민 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2014 Journal of Forest Science Vol.30 No.1

To provide basic information for wildlife management, we investigated the distribution and ecology of wild mice in Mt. Keumwon recreational forests. The trapped wild mice were a total of 4 species such as Eothenomys regulus, Apodemus speciosus peninsulae, Apodemus agarius, and Crocidura suaveolens. A total of 79 individuals from four species were trapped. Number of Eothenomys regulus was the highest as 41 individuals followed by Apodemus speciosus peninsulae of 31 individuals, Apodemus agarius of 4 individuals, and Crocidura suaveolens of 4 individuals. Depending on forest type, 51 individuals were captured in broad-leaved forests, whereas 28 individuals were captured in coniferous forests. Average weight of the trapped Eothenomys regulus, Apodemus speciosus peninsulae, Apodemus agarius, and Crocidura suaveolens was 37.13 g, 36.29 g, 31.25 g, and 15 g, respectively. Among the trapped wild mice, vole which has the largest head and ears were Eothenomys regulus and vole which has the longest tail was Apodemus speciosus peninsulae and Apodemus agarius (p<0.5). This study might be valuable to control and predict some damages related to wild mice in Mt. Keumwon for protecting forest trees.

수관통과우, 수간류 및 임외우에서 Al, Mn 및 Ni의 농도 변화

이총규,김우룡,김종갑 한국생태학회 1999 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.22 No.5

산림지역의 강우분석에 의한 중금속 농도를 분석한 결과, Al의 수종별 농도는 공단지역의 해송림이 상수리나무림보다 1.3배 높았고, 도시지역은 해송림이 2.1배 높았다. 공단지역과 도시지역 수간류의 Al 농도는 수관통과우와 임외우 보다 각각 2.3배와 192.5배, 4.8배와 55배 높은 농도였고, 임외우는 두 지역에서 같은 농도로 낮았다. Mn의 농도는 수종별 농도는 도시지역의 해송림이 1,4배 높았다. Mn의 강우별 농도는 수간류가 수관통과우 보다 6.1배 높았고, 임외우 보다 121배 높은 농도였다. 강우의 계절별 농도를 분석한 결과에서 Al은 공단지역에서 12월의 강우가 가장 높았고, 다음으로 3월, 6월, 8월 순으로 분석되었지만, 도시지역은 계절별 뚜렷한 변화가 없었다. 지역별 중금속의 농도는 공단지역에서 Al>Mn>Ni의 순이었고, 도시지역은 Mn>Al>Ni의 순으로 조사되었다. This study was carried out to investigate the changes in concentration of heavy metals in throughfall, stemflow and rainfall at the survey area. The Al concentration of Pinus thunbergii forest was 1.3 times higher than those of Quercus acutissima forest at industrial area, and 2.1 times higher at urban area. The Al concentration of stemflow was 2.3 times and 113 times, 4.8 times and 55 times, respectively, higher than those of throughfall, and rainfall at both industrial and urban area. The Al concentration of rainfall was lower at industrial and urban area. The Mn concentration of Pinus thunbergii forest was 2.4 times higher than those of Quercus acutissima forest at urban area. Heavy metal concentrations in rain water were the higher in stemflow, and in the order of throughfall and rainfall. Seasonal changes of heavy metal concentration were the highest on December at industrial area, and were higher in the order of March>June>August. Seasonal changes were not remarkable at urban area. Heavy metal concentrations were higher in the order of Al>Mn>Ni at industrial area, and Mn>Al>Ni at urban area.

산성강하물과 해송엽 엽록소의 관련성

이총규,김종갑,황진형 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2011 농업생명과학연구 Vol.45 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate the relation of acid depositions and chlorophyll concentration in the Pinus thunbergii leaves. pH of throughfall in Pinus thunbergii forest was 4.20 at industrial sites, and 4.87 at urban sites. Total chlorophyll concentration in leaves were 0.5984 at industrial sites, and 0.6784 at urban sites. The average SO_2 concentration in air was 0.029ppm at industrial sites, and 0.011ppm at urban sites. Correlation between chlorophyll concentration in the Pinus thunbergii leaves and acid depositions was pH (r=-0.8769), NO_3^- (r=0.6983), SO_4^2- (r=0.8929), SO_2 (r=0.8738), and NO_2 (r=0.8523) (p<0.001). respectively. The estimation equation of chlorophyll concentration in the Pinus thunbergii leaf (Y) were given by Y=4.8979 + 0.7698pH + 0.8412SO_4^2 + 0.8673SO_2, + 0.8767NO_2+ 0.8767NO_3^- (r^2=0.8873), which coefficients of determination was 0.88. 본 연구는 공단지역과 도시지역의 산성강하물과 해송엽의 엽록소 함량과 관련성이 있는 인자를 조사하여 그 관련성을 분석하였다. 해송 임분의 수관통과우 pH는 공단지역이 pH 4.20이었고, 도시지역이 pH 4.87이었다. 공단지역과 도시지역의 해송엽의 엽록소 전체 함량은 각각 0.5984와 0.6784로서 공단지역에서 함량이 낮았다. 지역별 SO_2농도는 공단지역이 0.029 ppm, NO_2농도는 도시지역이 0.021 ppm이었다. 해송엽의 엽록소 함량과 산성강하물의 인자 상호간의 상관은 pH (r=-0.8769), NO_3^- (r=0.6983), SO_4^(2-) (r=0.8929)이온, SO_2 (r=0.8738), NO_2 (r=0.8523)이었다 (p<0.01). 해송엽의 엽록소 함량 (Y)에 관여하는 인자의 회귀 방정식은 Y=4.8979 + 0.7698pH + 0.8412SO_4^2 + 0.8673SO_2, + 0.8767NO_2+ 0.8767NO_3^- (r^2=0.8873)이었고, 이때의 설명력은 88%이었다.