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光令里와 郭支里 遺蹟·遺物의 比較 : 濟州島 先史文化에 對한 考古學的 硏究 Culture in 'Mumun T'ogi' Period
李淸圭,金宗業 제주대학교 1985 논문집 Vol.22 No.2
Ⅰ. Both of Kwanyoˇng and Kwakchi sites locate in the northwestern area of Cheju Island, the first is noted for the group of dolmens, the second for the shell-mound in prehistoric period. Two sites belong to the thick soiled area in the vicinity of sea-shore,have a big stream, and so the more advantagable places for cultivation, domestication than the other spots in Cheju Island. But the geological environments of the two are a little different from one another Kwanyoˇng site in the hilly land 70-90M above the sea and the center of it 3kM distant from it, and Kwakchi In the lower land 30M altitude and 0.7KM from the sea-shore. Ⅱ. Archaeological data of Kwanyoˇng site, which are collected through surface-survey method, informs the following facts : (1) 'Mumun T'ogi' or 'plain coarse potteries' are widely prevalent and 'Kimhae potteries' also used ; but stonewares of three kingdoms period are not discovered ; that means Kwanyoˇng culture began around B.C. 1C. and did not continue after A.D. 3-4C, three-kingdoms period. (2) There are many stone-made tools and most of them are classified into two groups ; the wood-cutting or soil-digging tools such as axe, plane, adze and the grain-grinding tools such as pestle, mano and saddle quern. But fishing and animal hunting tools are scarcely discovered. This suggests that fishing and hunting practices were less prevailed than the cultivation-dryfield farming at the Kwanyoˇng site. Ⅲ. (1) Kwakchi culture were clarified with a method of stratigraphical excavation of the shell-mound and can be divided into the following three stages ; ①rim-perforated Mumun T'ogi stage ②Mumun T'ogi with shallow rim(A)·Kimhae pottery stage ③Mumun T'ogi with shallow rim(B)·Three Kingdoms stone-ware stage. The first stage dates from B.C. 3~4C, the second from B.C. 1C, and the last around A.D 3~4C, and so Kwakchi culture began earlier and continued later than Kwanyoˇng culture. (2) We cannot say positively with lack of enough data, but only guess that fishing and hunting are not prevalent more than farming in the first stage, because the cultural layers of this stage in the shell-mound do not contain animal bones and shells. Most of stone-tools in the second stage are grain-grinding tools and fishing tools, and this reflects farming and fishing are prevalent. Some Iron-made artefacts are also discovered in the layers of this stage, and on the basis of these advanced metal tools·fishing and hunting are more efficient and prevalent than the preceeding stage. Therefore it is a natural result that we can find many aninal bones and shells in those cultural layers. In the last stage, Mumun Tog'i are much improved and stonewares are also made for a variety of uses. A few stone-made tools are discovered, with most of them grain·grinding tools and the more improved iron-tools also discovered in this stage. Ⅳ. Therefore it is understood that the Kwakchi site had been habitated by peoples longer than the Kwanyoˇng site , because the natural condition of the first is more advantagable than that of the second for the habitation.