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      • SCOPUSKCI등재

        의사를 대상으로한 비만양상과 그 관련요인에 관한 연구

        김영실,박혜숙,조봉수,김영욱,고광욱,강수용,차애리,이철호,황인경,조병만,이수일,김돈균,Kim, Young-Sil,Park, Hye-Sook,Cho, Bong-Su,Kim, Yeong-Wook,Koh, Kwang-Wook,Kang, Soo-Yong,Cha, Ae-Ri,Yi, Cheol-Ho,Hwang, In-Kyung,Cho, Byung-Mann,Lee, S 대한예방의학회 1997 예방의학회지 Vol.30 No.4

        The author surveyed overall obesity indicies and factors concerned with obesity such as dietary intake, physical activity, stress and life style with the subject of doctors. The number of subjects was total 508 with 396 men and 112 women. They were subgrouped into surgical part, medical part and service and basic part by speciality. And also subgrouped into intern and resident, pay doctor, and practitioner by working type. The results were as follows. 1) Obesity indices: BMI of total doctor was $23.1{\pm}2.8$, and WHR was $0.87{\pm}0.08$ and overweight prevalence(BMI>25.0) was 23.6%. It was within normal limit but slightly over the Korean standard. The degree of obesity indices of subgroups by speciality was 'surgical part > medical part > service and basic part', and by working type was 'practitioner > pay doctor > intern and resident'. 2) Dietary intake and Physical activity: Average dietary intake was $2148{\pm}451kcal/day$. The degree of dietary intake by speciality was 'surgical part > medical part > service and basic part'. By working type it was 'practitioner > pay doctor > intern and resident'. Average physical activity was $29{\pm}5$ METs/day. The degree of physical activity also showed similiar pattern. But there was no significant difference among each groups. 3) Comparision between over-weight and non-over-weight group: The items that showed significant difference between two groups were dietary intake, skip breakfast, regular exercise, smoking, heavy drinking, chronic disease etc.

      • KCI등재후보
      • KCI등재

        부산·울산·경남지역 직업병 감시체계

        김정일,김병권,김정원,채창호,이철호,강동묵,김지홍,김진하,김영욱,이영하,이지호,김정호,윤형렬,유철인,정백근,장태원,김운규,윤동영,강진욱,김종은,안진홍,이동준,장준호,이광영,송혜란,최영희,이용환,조병만,최홍렬,고상백,김은아,이유진,홍영습,정갑열,김정만,김준연 大韓産業醫學會 2004 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.16 No.1

        Objective: Occupational medicine specialists in the Busan, Ulsan and Kyung-Nam areas established an area-based occupational disease surveillance system and used this system to collected case information for the purpose of preventing occupational diseases Methods: l l hospital participated in this system. The authors selected five main diseases, which were hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS), work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WRMSD), occupational asthma, occupational skin disease and occupational and occupational lung cancer and established their case definitions. All cases were reported on the web, and real time analysis was conducted. Results: Between April 2001 and April 2003, 192 cases of HAVS, 118 cases of WRMSD, 33 cases of occupational asthma, 17 cases of occupational skin disease and 17 cases of occupational lung cancer (for a total of 377 cases of these five main diseases) were reported. most of the HAVS cases came from shipbuilding, and 172 of them (92.7%) were associated with grinding. Of the four main types of WRMSD, carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) was the most prevalent with 46 cases and shipbuilding was also the main industry involved (83.9%). The ergonomic risk factors involved mainly associated with the hand. In 19 (57.6%) and 4 (12.1%) cases of occupational asthma, the agents involved. The causative agents of occupational lung cancer included Cr, welding fume, PAH, Ni, etc. 10(58.8%) of the cases were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma and 5(29.4%) as adenoma. Conclusion: This result showed that an area-based occupational disease surveillance system might provide an effective method of evaluating the prevalence of such diseases, however the Busan, Ulsan and Kyung-Nam provinces are too large to be treated as individual areas. Therefore, the authors suggest that each province should establish its own surveillance system.

      • 飼料用 수수品種 開發에 관한 硏究 : Ⅱ. 在來種 수수 飼料有用形質의 遺傳 및 經路係數 分析 Ⅱ. Analysis of Genotypic Variation and Path-coefficient on Forage Traits in Sorghums of Korea

        李喆浩,羅耀武,李宗玉,常金華 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1998 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.11 No.-

        사료용 수수의 육종을 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 1996년부터 1997년까지 국내에서 수집할 수 있는 재래종을 수집하여 사료가치가 인정되는 10개 형질들의 성적을 農村振興廳作物試驗場의 수수조사기준에 의해 조사하여 사료용으로 적합한 地上部生體重과 株富種實重을 중심으로 유전력은 Robinson et al, Grafius et al의 廣義의 유전력을, 表現型相關, 遺傳相關 및 環境相關은 Robinson et al의 방법을, 經路係數는 Wright, Dewey and Lu의 방법을 적용, 분석하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하고져 한다. 1. 遺傳力은 葉幅, 穗長 및 千粒重이 높았고, 地上部生體重, 草長, 株當種實重은 중간정도였다. 2. 형질간의 相關分析에서 地上部生體重은 株當種實重, 千粒重, 株當葉數 및 葉幅과 높은 正相關이 인정되었고 株當種實重은 千粒重, 葉幅, 穗當着粒數 및 開花日數와 높은 正의 相關을 나타냈으며 그 외 형질간의 상관에서는 葉幅이 대부분의 형질과 높은 상관을 나타냈다. 3. 株當種實重에 미치는 직접효과는 千粒重이 가장 높았고 穗當着粒穗, 地上部生體重의 順이었으며, 葉幅은 가장 낮은 직접효과를 나타냈고, 地上部 生體重에 미치는 직접효과는 葉幅과 草長이 가장 높았고 그외의 형질은 이들 형질에 영향을 주므로서 수량에 공헌하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 사료용 수수의 선발대상형질은 株當種實株을 목표로 할 경우 開花日數가 길고, 葉幅이 넓고, 穗當着粒數가 많으며 大粒種을 선발함이 유리하며, 생초용 등을 목표로 할 경우에는 葉幅이 넓고 키가 큰 것이 유리하며, 다른 형질들은 이들 두형질에 영향을 미치므로서 수량에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. This experiment was conducted to estimate genetic parameters such as heritabilities, and phenotypic, genotypic and evironmentals correlations for some agronomic characters, and the path-coefficient of each character influencing the grain yield and top fresh weight in selected domestic varieties of sorghum(Sorghum bicolor Moench) in Korea. The different sorghum lines were planted in a randomized block design with three replications, and were measured for 10 quantitative characters, i.e., days to flowering, plant height, stem diameter, leaf width, number of leaves per plant, fresh weight of top part per plant(yield 1), panicle length, number of grain per panicle, 1,000 grain weight and grain weight per plant(yield 2). The high heritability values were estimated for leaf width(0.9578), panicle length(0.9468) and 1,000 grain weight(0.9140), but number of leaves per plant, number of grain per panicle and grain weight per plant were lower than the other characters. The phenotypic correlation coefficients among all pairs of characters were slightly lower than the corresponding genotypic correlations, and fresh weight of top part per plant(yield 1) was highly positively correlated with grain weight per plant, 1,000 grain weight, number of leaves per plant and leaf width, and grain weight per plant(yield 2) highly positively correlated with 1,000 grain weight, leaf width and days to flowering and it could be concluded that 1,000 grain weight, leaf width and grain weight per plant, are the important characters in sorghum breeding. In the path-coefficient of each character influencing the fresh weight of top part per plant(yield 1), two characters which are leaf width and plant height had the higher direct effects upon fresh weight yield respectively, and in the path-coefficient of each character influencing of grain weight per plant(yield 2), three characters which are 1,000 grain weight, number of grain per panicle and fresh weight of top part per plant had the higher direct effects upon seed yield, and the other characters showed higher indirect effects influencing 1,000 grain weight, number of grain per panicle and fresh weight of top part per plant. In the case of sorghum breeding for obtain the higher fresh weight, two characters which are leaf width and plant height were related very tightly for yield, otherwise, in the case of obtain the higher grain weight, three characters which are 1,000 grain weight, number of grain per panicle and fresh weight of top part per plant were related very closely. For these reasons, it was realized that the parameter for selection should be obtained on the basis of the data from four agronomic characters, i.e., leaf width, plant height, 1,000 grain weight and number of grain per panicle.

      • KCI등재후보

        컴퓨터 단말기 업무자의 요통의 위험요인에 관한 연구

        이철호,박정래,차애리,고광욱,김영욱,이수일 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.2

        Low back pain in computer terminal operators is a very common but important symptom. While the occupational risk factors of low back pain were approved obscurely, there have been few studies on analysis or understanding of occupational risk factors. Therefore, we studied occupational risk factors of low back pain, especially for ergonomic factors as well as general characteristics of workers. We selected 98 subjects for this study, computer terminal operators ordinary using computers in Pusan. We calculated the subjective severity of low back pain of each operator by the Low Back Pain Scoring System. The relation of low back pain score to general characteristics of worker was also analyzed. We analyzed the relationship between low back pain score and individual efforts to prevent low back pain. We measured the ergonomic factors of each computer terminal operator-Trunk Inclination(TI), Arm Flexion(AF), Elbow Angle(EA), Head Tilting(HT), Knee Angle(KA), using of foot plate and gap between the popliteum and chair. The correlations between these ergonomic factors and low back pain score were then analyzed. And the results are as follows: 1. The prevalence rate of low back pain in computer terminal operators was 39.8% in this study, when low back pain score was converted by the low back pain scoring system. 2. According to general characteristics of workers related to low back pain, the scores were higher in the older age group, the married and the longer work carriers.(p<0.05) 3. In the analysis of the relationship between low back pain score and individual effort to prevent low back pain, regular exercise, history of schooling for prevention of low back pain, and declaration of intention to participate in low back pain education or exercise were stastistically significant(p<0.05). And the more severe the low back pain, the higher the intention to participate in low back pain education they had in this study. 4. In the analyses of relationships or correlations between low back pain score and each of the 7 categories of ergonomic factors, only head tilting had a weak reverse correlation with low back pain(r=0.2999, p<0.01). From now on, cohort studies for the risk factors of low back pain of workers, who have been forced to work in non-ergonomical positioning at the work site, will be necessary. On the background of these ergonomic studies, the occupational health profession should be required to manage ergonomic working conditions.

      • KCI등재

        고압전류 감전자에게서 나타난 말초신경병증 증례보고

        손준석,김영욱,채창호,민경범,이철호 대한산업의학회 2006 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.18 No.4

        Background: With increasing industrial development, opportunities are growing to contact electricity in the workplace or home. Therefore, the risk of electrical accident has been increased gradually. In general, electrical injuries involve the extremities and result in amputation or severe disability of limbs. Delayed spinal cord injury and peripheral neuropathies following electrical accidents are extremely rare. Case report: A 32-year-old man with 10 years working experience at a CRT-monitor manufacturer with repetitive exposures to high voltage current visited our hosipital. He complained of left leg weakness and atrophy, and intermittent pain. The symptoms were progressive. Other symptoms occurred such as nocturia, hesitancy, and weak urinary stream. We examined the patient and conducted EMG, L-spine MRI, neurometer test, isokinetic strength test, and physical examination. The results showed neural injuries due to anterior horn lesions or compression of the left femoral nerve pathway, with a consequent diagnosis of neurogenic bladder.

      • KCI등재후보

        진폐진행정도에 따른 혈청내 구리와 아연 농도의 변동

        박정래,박종욱,이수일,이철호,오차재,김창원,조병만,김돈균 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.3

        목 적 : 진폐증은 분진으로 인해 인체의 면역기전이 작용하여 폐섬유화가 진행되는 질환으로, 인체의 면역기전에 작용하는 구리와 아연은 진폐증의 병리적인 진행과정인 폐섬유화에 관여한다. 본 연구의 목적은 초기진폐증 유소견자와 진행된 진폐증 환자의 혈청 구리와 아연의 농도를 정상인과 비교함으로써 체내 구리와 아연의 농도가 진폐증의 섬유화의 진행정도에 따라 변동함을 밝히고, 이를 이용하여 폐섬유화의 진행정도를 추정할 수 있는 지표를 제시하고자 한다. 방 법 : 진폐정밀기관에 내원한 초진내 원자 100명과 진폐요양기관에 입원한 진폐증 환자 100명을 선정한 후 흥부사진소견을 ILO 분류법의 진폐진행정도에 따라 각각 세 군(Stage Vl, V2, V3 & Stage Pl, P2, P3)으로 구분한 후 각 군의 혈청구리와 아연의 농도를 비교분석하였다. 대조군으로는 폐결핵, 심근경색, 뇌경색을 경험한 적이 없는 일반인 100명을 선정하였다. 결 과 : 초진내 원자군의 혈청 구리농도는 섬유화의 진행단계에 따른 유의한 차이를 보였으며, Stage V3에서 가장 높았다. 입원환자군에서는 혈청 구리농도가 대조군과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않는데 (p=0, 152), 이는 입원환자의 불량한 영양상태와 건강상태 때문인 것으로 추정된다. 초진내원자군과 입원환자군의 혈청 아연농도는 섬유화의 진행에 따라 통계적인 차이를 보였으며, Stage V2와 Stage P2, P3에서 각각 대조군에 비해 유의하게 낮았다. 혈청 아연과 구리농도의 비또한 양군에서 섬유화의 진행에 따라 의미있게 높았는데, 섬유화가 현저히 진행된 단계 (Stage V3, Stage P2, P3)에서 대조군과 의미있는 차이를 보였다. 결 론 : 초진내 원자와 입원환자의 혈청 Cu/zrl 비는 섬유화의 진행정도가 현저할수록 대조군에 비해 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 진폐증 환자들의 혈청 Cu/zn 비는 진폐증의 폐섬유화의 진행정도를 추정함에 있어 상당히 유용한 지표로 이용될 수 있으며, 폐섬유화의 진행과정에서의 혈청 구리와 아연의 작용기전을 이용한 치료방법의 마련에도 도움이 될 것으로 판단한다. Objectives : Copper and Zinc, the trace elements of a living body, take a part in immunologic mechanism and induce the pulmonary fibrosis which is the pathologic progress of pneumoconiosis. This study was performed to assist the identification of the pathologic process of pulmonary fibrosis in pneumoconiosis. Methods : The subjects of thls study was 200 diagnosed persons as pneumoconiosis, of whom 700 persons was the visitors in the outpatients departments of pneumoconiosis and 100 admissive pneumoconiosis patients. The serum copper and zinc are measured and compared. Results : The mean serum copper concentration of visitor group was significantly higher than that of control group, and that of stage V3 subgroup of visitor group was highest because of their advanced fibrosis. But, there was not the difference of serum copper concentration between patient and control group. We thought that the reason was poor nutritional and health status of the patient. The mean of serum zinc concentration of visitor and patient control was lower than that of control group. As the degree of pulmonary fibrosis was more severe from stage Vl, V2, V3 of visitor to stage Pl, P2, P3 of patient, the mean of serum zinc concentration was lower. The ratio of serum copper/zinc of visitor and patient was higher than that of control, and that of patient was higher than that of visitor. Those results showed that the ratio of serum copper/zlnc ratio more greatly expressed the degree of progression of pneumoconiosis than only copper or zinc concentration by adjustment of nutritional and health status of the patient. Conclusions : As above study results, the degree of pulmonary fibrosis of pneumoconiosis could be estimated by means of serum copper/zinc ratio.

      • KCI등재

        산재보상을 신청한 뇌심혈관질환의 특성 분석

        유재홍,하은희,김수근,김정연,김용규,이의철,이철호,손준석 대한산업의학회 2007 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.19 No.1

        목적: 이 연구는 뇌 · 심혈관 질환으로 업무상재해를 신청한 사례 중에서 승인된 사례와 불승인된 사례의 특성을 비교하여 뇌 · 심혈관 질환의 업무상 재해여부를 판단하는데 필요한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 방법: 2000년부터 2004년까지 근로복지공단에 업무상 재해로 요양이 신청되어 승인여부가 결정된 뇌 · 심혈관 질환자 12,309명을 대상으로 하였다. 승인여부와 관련된 특성을 확인하기 위해 연도별, 업종별, 규모별, 직업별, 성별, 연령별, 질환별, 생존유무별 그리고 기존질환 유무에 대하여 카이제곱 검정과 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석을 이용하였다. 결과: 다변량 로지스틱 분석에서 뇌 · 심혈관 질환의 불승인에 대한 승인의 비차비는 광업을 기준으로 하였을 때에 전기가스 상수도업이 4.18(95% CI=1.43~12.17), 건설업이 2.39 (95% CI=1.22~4.69), 제조업이 2.10 (95% CI=1.08~4.07)이었고, 장치기계조작원 및 조립원에 비하여 서비스 근로자 및 상점과 시장 판매근로자 군이 1.90(95% CI=1.47~2.47), 전문가 군이 1.83(95% CI=1.50~2.23), 기술공 및 준전문가 군이 1.63(95% CI=1.35~1.97), 입법 공무원과 고위 임직원 및 관리자 군이 1.62(95% CI=1.24~2.12)이었고, 여성이 남성에 비하여 1.31(95% CI=1.13~1.53), 심장질환에 비하여 뇌혈관질환이 2.75(95% CI=2.42~3.13), 사망한 경우가 생존한 경우에 비하여 6.01(95% CI=4.89~7.38)이었다. 결론: 우리나라에서 뇌심혈관질환으로 업무상 재해를 신청하는 건수는 증가하고 있고 승인율은 비교적 높았으며 승인에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 업종, 규모, 직종, 성, 연령, 질환, 생존유무 등이 확인되었다. 특히 업종과 직종에 따라서 승인율의 차이가 큰 것이 어떠한 요인의 영향 때문인지에 대한 검토가 필요하고, 특히 뇌실질내 출혈의 경우에 다른 질환에 비하여 승인율이 매우 높았던 것은 업무수행성에 대한 인정기준의 잘못된 적용의 결과 이므로 시정이 필요하겠다. Objectives: This study was performed to provide fundamental data to judge whether or not cerebro and cardiovascular diseases are work-related, by comparing the characteristics between approved and non-approved cases among the worker's compensation claims. Methods: We collected 12,309 cerebro and cardiovascular disease claims based on the worker's compensation records of the Labor Welfare Corporation from 2000 to 2004. The approved and non-approved cases were analyzed according to factors such as the calendar year, industry, company size, occupation, gender, age group, classification of cerebro and cardiovascular diseases, fatality and underlying diseases. We used x²-test and multivariate logistic regression for the analysis. Results: According to multivariate logistic regression, electricity gas and water supply (OR=4.18, 95% CI=1.43~12.17), construction (OR=2.39, 95% CI=1.22~4.69) and manufacturing (OR=2.10, 95% CI=1.08~4.07) industries had a higher approval rate than mining and quarrying industries. Service workers and sales & marketing department workers (OR=1.90, 95% CI=1.47~2.47), professionals (OR=1.83, 95% CI=1.50~2.23), technicians and associate professionals (OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.35~1.97) and legislators and senior officials and managers (OR=l.62, 95% CI=1.24~2.12) had a higher approval rate than plant and machine operators and assemblers. Female workers had a higher approval rate (OR=1.31, 95% CI=1.13~1.53) than male workers. Cerebrovascular diseases had a higher approval rate (OR=2.75, 95% CI=2.42~3.13) than cardiovascular diseases. Fatal cases had a higher approval rate (OR=6.01, 95% CI=4.89~7.38) than surviving cases. Conclusion: For cerebro and cardiovascular diseases, workers' compensation claims are increasing, approval rates are relatively high and factors such as industry, company size, occupation, gender and fatality are related. A remarkable difference in the approval rate was found according to industry and occupation, suggesting the need for further study to identify which factors influence the approval rate. The approval rate for intracerebral hemorrhage arising in the course of employment (COE) was significantly higher than that arising out of employment (AOE), suggesting the need to correct the approval criteria.

      • The Exploitation Study of Forage Sorghum : Application Research on Forage Characteristics of Sorghum -Johnsongrass Hybrid 수수와 Johnsongrass 交雜種의 飼料的 特性에 관한 硏究

        Lee, Cheol-Ho,Luo, Yao-Wu,Lee, Jong-Ok,Zhang, Ji-Yi 진주산업대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.37 No.-

        생산성이 높은 사료용 수수 품종을 개발하기 위하여 중국 하북농업대학에서 육성하여 보존하여 오던 二倍體 수수[Sorgbum bicolor Moench(2n=20)] 품종에 colchicine을 처리하여 얻은 不稔系 四倍體인 A계통과 미국에서 도입한 Johnsongrass[S. balepense (L.) Per. (2n-40)]를 交雜하여 얻은 F_1의 稔性回復 有無와 사료생산성을 평가하고 염색체의 접합상태를 관찰하고져 하였다. 二倍體수수에 0.1% colchicine을 처리하여 많은 A不稔系 四倍體수수를 얻었으며 이들을 다시 Johnsongrass와 交雜하기 위하여 plastic bag을 이용한 除雜方法으로 다수의 잡종을 얻을 수 있었으며 이들 계통의 특성을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 四倍體수수와 Johnsongrass의 잡종생산을 가능하며 F_1은 매우 높은 잡종강세를 나타냈다. 2. Johnsongrass를 교잡한 사료용 사배체수수는 매우 높은 지상부생체수량을 나타냈으나 F_1임성은 낮았다. 3. 불임계사배체(A계통)과 Johnsongrass의 교잡에 의한 잡종만이 임성이 매우 높았다. 4. 수수Johnsongrass잡종만이 사배체로서 自殖弱勢現象이 잡종초기에 심하지 않아 實用的 裁培가 可能하였다. 5. 細胞學的 硏究에서 수수Johnsongrass의 염색체는 유사한 염색체가 많았고 잡종에서 四倍體 내지 多倍體를 형성하였으며 重複 二倍體를 형성하기 어려워 不分離現象이 나타났다. 6. 수수 Johnsongrass잡종의 수량은 매우 높았으며 사료용 외도 종이원료로나 열량자원식물로서도 가치가 높게 평가된다. F_1 hybrid of high forage yield can be archived by hybridization of tetraploid sorghum(S. bicolor) and Johnsongrass(S. halepense Per.). And if through hybridization of sorghum blcolor tetraploid sterile A line×Johnsongrass, a lot of sorghum and Johnsongrass hybrid can be obtained and be used in agricultural production. Tetraploid sorghum could cross with Johnsongrass to produce F_1 hybrid with large heterosis, hybridizing forage tetraploid sorghum with Johnsongrass could produce hybrid yeilding large amount of grass, but producing F_1 hybrid seed was difficult. It could yield a large amount of hybrid seed by hybridizing tetraploid sterile line(A line) sorghum with Johnsongrass, which was the best way of using sorghum-Johnsongrass hybrid. Sorghum-Johnsongrass hybrid was tetraploid, which could be used for many generations due to it's slow heterosis loss among generations. The research of cytology showed that there were many similar chromosomes between sorghum and Johnsongrass. Many tetravalent and polyvalent formed in hybrid, so it was difficult to obtain true double-diploid that did not segregate.

      • 일부 출판업 VDT 작업자들의 근골격계질환 자각 증상 호소율과 관련요인에 관한 연구

        채창호,김영욱,이철호,김정일,김준연,이세훈 가톨릭대학산업의학센타 산업의학연구소 2003 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.42 No.2

        Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the self-reported musculoskeletal symptom prevalence and related factors among some VDT workers in publishing industries. Methods: The 201 study subjects consist of 130 VDT workers comprised of 59 edition workers and 71 data entry workers, and 71 Non-VDT workers. The study subjects were surveyed with structured self-reported questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal symptom were 39.2% at neck, 36.2% at back and waist, 30.8% at shoulder, 25.4% at hand and wrist and 9.2% at arm on VDT workers. In logistic regression analysis. Type of VDT(data entry worker) work was related factor of musculoskeletal symptom prevalence at neck, shoulder, arm, back and waist, hand and wrist. VDT working time and working condition were related factors at back and waist. At neck, shoulder, hand and wrist, sex was one of the related factors. Conclusion: Our finding revealed that sex and type of VDT work were main related factors of musculoskeletal symptom prevalence in study subjects.

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