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이철원,임인칠,Lee, Chul-Won,Lim, In-Chil 대한전자공학회 1996 전자공학회논문지-B Vol.b33 No.1
본 논문에서는 이산 은닉 마코프 모델(Discrete Hidden Markov Model)을 이용한 연결 음성 인식에 관한 알고리듬 및 모델 토폴로지를 제안한다. 제안된 모델은 인식률과 인식할 수 있는 어휘를 고려하여 2 음소열 및 3 음소열 모델을 사용하며, 보다 정확한 음소 간의 세그멘테이션과 알고리듬의 수행 속도를 고려하여 2 음소열에서는 첫 번째 상태와 마지막 상태를 안정 상태, 나머지 상태는 천이 상태인 4 개의 상태를 갖도록 하고, 또한 3 음소열에서는 7 개의 상태를 갖도록 하며, 여기서 7개의 상태는 3 개의 안정 상태와 4개의 천이 상태를 갖도록 개선한다. 또한, 제안된 음성 인식 알고리듬은 인식 과정 내에서 음소의 발음 구간을 검출하도록 설계한다. This paper proposes an algorithm and a model topology for the connected speech recognition using Discrete Hidden Markov Models. A proposed model uses diphone and triphone model which consider the recognition rate and recognisable vocabulary. Considering more exact inter- phoneme segmentation and execution speed of algorithm, 4 states have to exist in diphone model where the first state and the last state are keeping a steady state, the other states hold a transient state. 7 states have to exist in triphone model where 7 states are specified and improved to 3 steady states and 4 transition states. Also, the proposed speech recognition algorithm is designed to detect the inter-phoneme segmentation during the recognition processing.
학교 운동선수의 전학 및 이적 동의서 발급에 대한 중재 방안 연구
이철원 ( Chul Won Lee ),김형훈 ( Hyung Hoon Kim ),김민정 ( Min Jeong Kim ) 한국여가웰니스학회 2011 한국레저사이언스학회지 Vol.2 No.1
학생 선수의 전학 및 이적 동의서 발급의 문제를 해결하기 위한 상호간의 중재 방안으로 본 발제는 중재위원회 설치, 학생 선수 자격센터(가칭) 설립, 학부모, 지도자, 학교장과 체육관계자의 간담회 유치 및 교육 활성화, 그리고 이 문제에 대한 연구 활성화를 제시했다. 학생은 무엇보다도 공부를 최우선으로 해야 하고, 수업 이수를 기본으로 하는 삶을 살아야 한다. 그러기 위해서는 이들의 운동에 대한 주위의 의식 또한 변화해야 한다. 운동 시간을 줄여서 학업에 참여할 시간을 확보해 주어야 하며, 학사관리를 보다 철저하게 해야 한다. 학생 선수와 관련된 문제를 해결하는데 지도자와 학부모의 의식 전환도 필요하다. 현재 중등학교 운동 지도자 대부분의 신분은 불안하다. 이들 지도자들이 1년 단위로 계약을 하는 경우가 대부분이며, 경기 성적은 신분 유지와 연관이 되어 있다. 이에 승리 지상주의에 입각해서 학생선수들을 지도할 수밖에 없는 것이다. In order to solve the issue regards to issuing agreement on transfer to another school or team, this article suggests some ideas such as; launching a mediation committee, launching a student athlete qualification center, setting up a meeting among parents, leader, the head of school and physical education associates. Furthermore, an activation on school education and an activation on research were suggested. Students must focus on study as a first priority and completion of appointed course should be regarded as mandatory thing to do. In order to do this, perception on student athletes should be changed. By reducing exercising hour, they need to acquire time to take academical courses and need to be very committed to the academical affairs. School instructor and parents` perception also need to be changed in order to solve the issue related with student athletes. Currently, most physical education instructor`s status are not stable. Most of them make a contract base on one year contract. The results of game are related to managing their status. That is why the school instructor guide the student mainly focusing on winning at the game.
이철원(Chul Won Lee),조상은(Sang Eun Cho) 한국여가레크리에이션학회 2001 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.21 No.-
This study was to interpret the leisure satisfaction and constraint among Korean youth. In order to explain this issue, this study used the qualitative research. For research participants, 11 middle-school students(6 males and 5 females) were participated by applying purposeful sampling. Data for this study were collected by three methods. Interview was used as a main-method, and the observation and participants` diaries were used as sub-method from December 2000 to March 2001. Collected data were analyzed as a thematic analysis. According to the analysis, the result is as follows First, the theme of leisure satisfaction was divided to six sub-theme such as psychological, educational, societal, recuperative, physiological and environmental satisfaction. Each sub-theme suggested that leisure satisfaction among Korean youth was consisted of various factors. Second, the theme of leisure constraint was explained in the factors of constraint construction and experience. Especially, a lack of time, interference of parent and problem of academic grade were manifested to explain leisure constraint. This study may suggest that understanding leisure satisfaction and constraint among Korean youth leads to know why the youth need leisure, and how we approach them in discussing on the youth problem and solving process. In this respect, leisure researchers must focus on more widely the practical issues related to the leisure phenomenon of youth.
근대(近代) 중국(中國) 상해(上海) 방회(幇會)의 연원(淵源)과 성쇠(盛衰)
이철원 ( Chul Won Lee ) 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 중국연구소 2010 中國硏究 Vol.49 No.-
Economic enterprise in the Modern Shanghai, like a political career or social life generally, was based on the family unit and depended on the cultivation of personal relationships. Thus trade depended on the family firm, in which kinship created the essential bonds of loyalty. Individuals in a family firm bore an unlimited liability but by the same token could expect family backing in a crisis. In the absence of impersonal legal safeguards and institutions of insurance and commercial law, the principal assets of a merchant were his good name and guarantors, but equally important was his personal relationship with official authorities from whom his firm might have to obtain a formal or informal sanction to do business. The chief defence of commercial class against official manipulation and exploitation was merchant group solidarity. From very early times shops or one kind were situated together on a city street. Merchants in the same line flocked together by order, and by the late Tang or Song in their interaction with officialdom, they developed guilds. In modern Shanghai merchant society growth of their personal relations followed same general practices created the patronage networks. In particular, merchants at a distance from home developed strong ties with other traders from native landers. This became the basis for the Landsmannschaften or regional associations according to native place, likethe Ningpo Guild in Shanghai. The result was a tremendous proliferation of Landsmannschaften, organized sometimes purely by native place and sometimes by line of trade. But until the nineteenth century these voluntary associations had seldom reached the point of consolidating merchant interests and power. Instead the guilds in their various lines of trade and representing various trading places remained fragmented each in their own bailiwick.