실용적이고 간단한 환경시료의 감마핵종 자체흡수보정 방법

이완로,이행필,정근호,최근식,조영현,이창우,정형욱,이은주,소유섭,이종옥,Lee, Wan-No,Lee, Haeng-Pil,Chung, Kun-Ho,Cho, Young-Hyun,Choi, Geun-Sik,Lee, Chang-Woo,Chung, Hyung-Wook,Lee, Eun-Ju,Sho, You-Sup,Lee, Jong-Ok 대한방사선방어학회 2006 방사선방어학회지 Vol.31 No.1

A self-absorption correction is important issue for the exact radioactivity determination of gamma emitting radionuclides in environmental samples which have the range of apparent density from $0.3g/cm^3$ up to $1.5g/cm^3$. In this paper, a practical and simple method without radioactive standard solutions having various densities is proposed for the self-absorption correction of environmental samples by a developed outside beaker surrounding Marinelli beaker. For the densities of 0.8, 1.0, $1.3g/cm^3$, the corrected efficiencies by the new method and the measured those by radioactive standard solutions of the three densities showed good agreement within 4 %. $0.3g/cm^3$ 에서 $1.5g/cm^3$까지 다양한 겉보기 밀도를 갖는 감마방출핵종 환경시료의 정확한 방사능 분석을 위해서 자체흡수보정(self-absorption correction)은 중요한 문제이다. 방사선 표준선원을 밀도별로 제작할 필요없이 마리넬리 비커를 감싸는 외부용기를 새롭게 제작하여 실용적이면서 간단한 자체흡수보정방법을 본 논문에서 제시하였다. 밀도 0.8, 1.0, $1.3g/cm^3$ 대해서 새로운 방법을 이용하여 자체흡수보정을 한 효율들과 밀도별로 직접 표준선원용액을 만들어 측정한 효율값이 4 % 이내에서 일치하였다.

복부검사에 있어 관전압 제어 software의 유용성에 관한 연구

이종옥(Jong Ok Lee),이혜진(Hye Jin Lee),김홍식(Hong Sik Kim),임기빈(Ki Bin Im),강성호(Sung Ho Kang),임재식 대한CT영상기술학회 2012 대한CT영상기술학회지 Vol.14 No.1

I. Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze quantitatively and qualitatively dose and image quality between the group using no tube voltage control software and the group using tube voltage control software and noise reduction software and so examine the usefulness of examination methods using tube voltage control software and noise reduction software. II. Materials and methods Among the patients who had visited this Hospital and had received abdominal CT examinations from June to July 2011, this study selected 100 patients using no tube voltage control software and 100 patients using tube voltage control software. 1. Dose By using the total CTDIDLP values indicated on the monitor after examinations, this study compared and analyzed the doses between the group using no tube voltage control software and the group using tube voltage control software. 2. Quality of image This study divided the group using no tube voltage control software and the group using tube voltage control software and noise reduction software simultaneously and so compared their contrast noise ratio(CNR). This study selected 50 patients by each group at random and so measured aorta, portal vein, liver, and psoas muscle for CNR. CNR was calculated by the following formula(Formula-1). (Target HU - Target Noise)/Target Noise, (Aorta HU - Aorta Noise)/ Aorta Noise (식-1) 3. Noise reduction software validation This study evaluated the usefulness of noise reduction software by using diluted contrast agents. In order to obtain the range similar to 50~300, that is, the mean value of aorta, portal vein, liver, and psoas muscle, which was used in clinical studies, this study diluted physiological saline 40 ml and contrast agent 1.5, 1.2, 1.0, 0.8, 0.5, and 0.2 ml in 6 syringes, and then acquired the control groups which were regarded as references. In order to evaluate tube voltage control software and noise reduction software, this study decreased gradually exposure conditions and so acquired the experimental groups which increased HU and noise value. The control groups as reference images acquired their images in the condition of 120 kVp and 200 mAs. The experimental groups for comparison acquired their images in the condition of 100 kVp and 100 mAs. The experimental groups used noise reduction program and so recomposed images by 5 stages and then were compared with the control groups for noise values. III. Result The mean age, scan range and CTDIDLP value of the group using no tube voltage control software were Age 59.6, 495.1, and 468mGycm. In contrast, the mean age, scan range and CTDIDLP value of the group using tube voltage control software were Age 58.4, 494.7, and .265.6mGycm. In order to test the significance between groups, this study conducted independent T-test. According to such results, gender (p=0.462) and range(p=0.948) showed no significant difference. However, mean CTDIDLP values decreased by 43% in the group using tube voltage control software and also showed the statistically significant difference(p=0.000). According to the results of comparing with CNR which was set up as the reference in order to measure the quality of images, the group using tube voltage control software increased HU and noise values in comparison with the group using no tube voltage control software. The group using both tube voltage control software and noise reduction software simultaneously could decrease noise values without changing HU values greatly in comparison with the group using only tube voltage control software and also showed statistically significant results. Also, according to the results of comparing noise values, in using the noise reduction software of Stage 2-3, the noise value similar to that of the control group could be obtained. IV. Conclusion This study tried to examine whether using tube voltage control software could decrease dose and using noise reduction software could decrease the occurrence of no 복부 CT검사에 있어 관전압 제어 software를 사용하지 않은 그룹과 관전압과 noise reduction software를 적용한 그룹의 선량과 영상의 질을 정량, 정성적으로 비교 분석하여 관전압과 noise reduction software를 적용한 검사 방법의 유용성에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 2011년도 6~7월까지 본원에 내원하여 복부 CT검사를 시행한 환자 중 관전압 제어 software를 사용하지 않고 검사를 시행한 환자 100명과 관전압 제어 software를 적용하여 검사를 시행한 환자 100명을 무작위로 선정하였다. 1. 선량 검사 후 모니터에 표시되는 Total CTDIDLP 값을 사용하여 관전압 제어 software를 사용하지 않은 그룹과 관전압 제어 software를 사용한 그룹의 선량을 비교 분석하였다. 2. 영상의 질 관전압 제어 software를 사용하지 않은 그룹과 관전압 제어와 noise reduction software를 동시에 사용한 두 그룹으로 나누어 contrast noise ratio(이하 CNR)를 비교하였다. 각 그룹당 50명을 무작위로 선정하였으며 CNR은 Aorta, Portal vein, Liver, Psoas muscle을 측정하였다. CNR은 아래의 식으로 구하였다 (식-1). (Target HU - Target Noise)/Target Noise, (Aorta HU - Aorta Noise)/ Aorta Noise (식-1) 3. Noise reduction software validation 조영제 희석 Sample을 이용하여 Noise reduction software의 유용성을 평가하였다. 임상연구에서 사용된 Aorta, portal vein, liver psoas muscle의 평균 HU값인 50~300과 유사한 범위를 얻기 위해 6개의 syringe에 생리식염수 40ml와 조영제 1.5, 1.2, 1, 0.8, 0.5, 0.2 ml를 희석한 후 기준이 되는 대조군을 구하였다. 관전압 제어 software와 noise reduction software의 평가를 위해 노출조건을 점차적으로 감소시켜 HU와 noise값이 증가된 실험군을 구하였다. 기준 영상인 대조군은 120 kVp, 200 mAs, 비교를 위한 실험군은 100 kVp, 100 mAs 조건에서 영상을 획득하였고, 실험군은 noise reduction 프로그램을 이용하여 5단계로 영상을 재구성한 후 대조군의 noise 값과 비교 분석하였다. 결과 관전압 제어 software을 사용하지 않은 그룹의 평균나이, 스캔범위, CTDIDLP 값은 59.6세, 495.1, 468.5mGyㆍcm이었고, 관전압 제어 software을 사용한 그룹은 58.4세, 494.7, 265.6mGyㆍcm이었다 그룹 간 유의성 검증을 위해 실시한 independent T-test 결과, 성별(p=0.462)과 range(p=0.948)에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 평균 CTDIDLP 값은 관전압 제어 software를 사용한 그룹에서 43% 감소하였으며 통계적으로도 유의한 차이(p=0.00)를 보였다. 영상의 질을 측정하기 위해 기준으로 설정한 CNR을 기준으로 결과를 정리하면 관전압 제어 software를 사용하지 않은 그룹과 비교하여 관전압 제어 software를 사용한 그룹에서 HU값과 Noise값이 증가되었고, 관전압 제어 software를 사용환 그룹과 비교하여 관전압 제어 software와 noise reduction software를 함께 사용한 그룹에서 HU값의 큰 변화없이 Noise를 감소시킬 수 있었으며, 통계적으로도 유의한 결과를 나타냈다 또한, 실험군의 Noise 값을 비교한 결과 2-3단계 Noise reduction. software 적용 시 대조군과 유사한 Noise 값을 얻을 수 있었다. 결론 관전압 제어 software를 이용한 선량감소 효과와 저 관전압 사용으로 인한 noise의 발생을 software 처리과정을 통해 감소시켜 영상의 진단적 가치를 유지할 수 있는가를 알아보고자 하였다. 관전압 제어 software의 사용으로 인해 선량을 40% 정도 감소시킬 수 있었으며, noise 제거 software의 적용은 저 관전압 사용으로 인한 영상의 noise 증가를 관전압 제어 software를 사용하지 않고 촬영한 영상의 noise와 비슷한 수준으로 감소시킬 수 있었다. 따라서 복부 CT 검사에 있어 관전압 제어 software와 noise 제거 software의 적용은 진단적 영상의 질을 담보함과 동시에 선량을 감소시킬 수 있는 방법일 것이다.

김광균의 「추일서정(秋日抒情)」에 나타난 음(陰)의 상상력

이종옥(Lee, Jong-Ok) 한국시학회 2017 한국시학연구 Vol.- No.52

인터넷뱅킹의 서비스 품질이 은행의 신뢰에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

이종옥(JongOk Lee),서영상(YoungSang Seo) 한국데이타베이스학회 2009 Journal of information technology applications & m Vol.16 No.4

In case of korea, it is said that the service of internet banking is in maturity regarding the number of transactions that internet banking process. So it is necessary to find out the factors that influence customer's trust on bank with the use of internet banking, to preserve existing customers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the internet banking service quality on trust of banks. For this purpose, eight hypotheses are empirically tested using logistic regression. The empirical results indicated that responsiveness, easy of use, and accuracy from the six dimensions of internet banking service quality factors take significant effect on trust of bank.

화장품용 미분체 혼합공정에서의 분산특성 연구

이종옥 ( Lee J. W. ),송건응 ( Song K. Y. ),서동성 ( Suh D. S. ),유영창 ( Yoo Y. C. ),이헌진 ( Lee H. J. ),강세훈 ( Kang S. H. ) 대한화장품학회 1993 대한화장품학회지 Vol.19 No.1

화장품에 사용되는 미분체의 혼합특성을 알기 위하여 화장품용 미분체 혼합기인 ribbon mixer, powder mixer micropulverizer, fine impact mill에 미립자, 구상 및 판상의 형태를 가진 bulk powders를 혼합시간을 변화 시키면서 혼합하는 실험을 하였다. 혼합분체의 혼합정도를 평가하기 위하여 산화철을 tracer로 사용하였으며, 원료 및 혼합물의 particle size distribution, specific surface area, density 및 표면색상을 측정하였다. 미분체 혼합물의 혼합시간과 표면색상변화, 입도분포 및 비표면적과의 사이에 대수적 1차 상관관계가 성립되었고, 색상의 변화로부터 혼합정도를 평가할 수 있는 간단한 식을 도출하였다. 사용된 혼합기에 대해 혼합기구별 modelling과 혼합에 따른 입도 분포 및 비표면적의 변화로부터 혼합기 impellar tip에서의 linear velocity별 혼합기는 대류혼합, 전단혼합 및 확산혼합으로 분류되었다. The cosmetic fine powders were mixed with variation of mixing time(s) in the mixers (ribbon mixer, powder mixer, micropulverizer and fine impact mill). The powders were nixed with small amount of ferric oxide as tracer. The mixed powders ere measured the particle size distribution, specific surface area and surface color with mixing time (s). The color variation, particle size distribution and specific surface area of the mixed powder exist a relationship with mining time(s) that can be expressed as mathematical equations to show the degree of the mixing of the powder mixture. The linear velocity of the impellar tip is the main factor contributing to he mixing efficiency of the mixers un this study. According to the linear velocity, he mixers used are devieded as convection mixing (ribbon mixer), sclera mixing powder mixer) and diffusion mixing (micropulverizer/fine impact mill).

윤동주 시에 나타난 선비의식의 양상

이종옥(Lee, Jong-ok) 한국문화융합학회 2006 문화와 융합 Vol.28 No.-

This dissertation began from realizing the excessive lack of researches for Korean ideology compared to sufficiency of researches of Western ideologies for Yoon Dong Ju and that the evaluations of him as a national poet is so controversial, as his life and works do not reveal clear resistance. He was a scholar-type poet with a soft and warm nature, but strong will in the inside. Therefore, this dissertation studied what pity and shame that appears frequently in his poems through scholars perspective. Pity that appears frequently in Yoon Dong Jus poems is the image of humanity, a virtue a scholar must have. The scholar nature of Yoon Dong Ju, which is always soft and warm is well shown through his poems. Humanity is the mind to give humanistic, benevolent, kind love to people, and also a mind to sympathize for others. His love began at affection for the family for parents and siblings and widened its scope to brother? neighbor? all human being. The affection(pity) in his poems are well represented through his strong will for independency. The image of pity that comes from inside of him based on his scholars mind made his will for nurturing of virtue and will for independency even stronger. Shame that appears frequently in Yoon Dong Jus poems is the image of justice, which is a virtue that scholars must have. His scholars nature, with soft and warm on the outside and strong will in the inside, is well shown in his poems. Justice originates from shame that one feels from doing something wrong. The reason shame is a dominant image in his poems are actually based on his scholars mind, the image of shame aroused from justice makes his nurturing of virtue and will for independency even stronger. The image of pity and shame are revealed as pain, sadness, humiliation, hatred, and pity for others, and unified his will for independency. Yoon Dong Ju was not a fighter-type, but a soft on the outside and strong in the inside-type scholar. This dissertation unified him as a poet and poetic speaker by revealing his strong will towards independence in union without any inflection through his life and work until he was arrested after writing, Poet written Easy ¹by Japanese police. Through this dissertation, the justice that Yoon Dong Ju is a national poet is rose based on our ideology.

고급 중형렌즈의 DSLR적용을 위한 실험

이종옥 ( Jong Ok Lee ),안시준 ( Si Joon An ) 한국사진학회 2012 AURA Vol.0 No.26

This study was done to prove how high-quality analog lenses (for film cameras) can be used efficiently in midst of recent influx of digital cameras. The benefits of using semi format camera lens on DSLR are explained in this study supported by empirical data. Specifically, the study focuses on resolution measurements that can be used to infer the lens quality. For this study, Canon Zoom Lens (24-70mm 1;2.8 L) and popular semi format camera lenses with similar focal distance were used. Moreover, Simenstar Resolution Chart was used to measure the resolution and IE Analyzer was used to analyze the data. The results showed that semi format camera lens produces higher resolution that regular DSLR lenses. Also, closing the aperture was found to decrease overall resolution but it also decreases the resolution gap between the focus area and the peripheral area. The study discusses two major findings: 1) using a high quality semi format camera lens produces higher quality photographs than using a DSLR lens, and 2) the relatively low price of analog lenses offer an economical path in producing high quality photographs.

무료앱의 품질이 유료앱의 구매의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

이종옥(Jong-Ok, Lee),민금영(Geum-Young, Min),정민호(Min-Ho, Jeong) 대한경영학회 2013 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.26 No.12

국내 스마트폰 사용자들의 앱북 구매행위에 미치는 영향요인 연구

이종옥(Jong-Ok Lee),김용문(Yong-Moon Kim) 한국전자거래학회 2013 한국전자거래학회지 Vol.18 No.3

국내 스마트폰 사용자들의 앱북 구매의도에 미치는 영향요인에 대하여 알아보기 위해 Venkatesh 등이 제안한 UTAUT 모형을 기반으로 검증된 4개의 핵심 변인들(성과기대, 노력기대, 사회적 영향, 촉진조건) 외에 ‘비용’ 변인을 추가로 사용하여 그 영향정도를 검증하였다. 그 결과, 정보기술과 관련된 많은 선행연구들을 통해 입증된 UTAUT 모형 변수들의 가설들이 본 연구에서도 대체적으로 지지됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 다만, 촉진조건은 스마트폰을 통한 앱북의 구매행위에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 조절변수로 제안된 ‘연령’과 ‘경험’은 독립변수들을 통해 구매의도 및 구매행동에 대부분 조절효과를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 향후 앱북 서비스와 유사한 뉴미디어의 수용 및 구매행위에 관련한 연구를 수행하는데 새로운 통합모형을 제시한 선행연구로써 학문적 의의가 있다. 또한 앱북 관련 기업에는 앱북의 유용성, 사용 용이성, 비용, 주변인들의 사회적 영향력에 의해 앱북을 구매하려는 의도가 있음을 밝힘으로써 실무적 시사점을 제시하였다. In order to research the factors influencing on the intentions for smart phone users to purchase “App-Book” in Korea, the study examines the levels of influences using on an additional variable, “cost”, as well as the four key variables(performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions) proposed by Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology(UTAUT; Venkatesh et al., 2003) validation. The result of the research confirms that the hypotheses of UTAUT model variable are generally supported by the information technology and many related previous researches. There is one exception, however, that facilitating conditions do not influence on the App-Book purchasing behavior by smart phone. It is revealed that the “age” and “experience” of the independent variables, as the proposed control variables, are most visible effect of control on the purchase intention and purchase behavior. This study has an academic significance of presenting a new integrated model to perform the research of the similar next App-Book services and purchase behavior related to the acceptance of new media. It also clarifies to the related companies that the usefulness of App-Book, the easiness of use, the cost and the social influence of purchasing App-Book by Outsider’s intent. These aspects have practical implications as being presented.

김수영의 「풀」에 나타난 음양적(陰陽的) 상상력

이종옥(Lee, Jong-Ok) 한국문학회 2013 韓國文學論叢 Vol.65 No.-

본고는 김수영의 시 「풀」에 나타난 음양(陰陽)적 상상력에 주목하면서 논의를 시작하였다. 이러한 논의를 하게 된 이유는 김수영 시의 특징을 해명하기 위한 각축이 「풀」을 통해 개진되었다할 만큼 중요할 뿐 아니라, 반복적 대립을 통해 드러나는 '풀'의 활동은 음양(陰陽)의 사이클을 닮음으로써 작품자체가 '음양적 상상력'을 유발시키는 세계이자 상징이기 때문이다. 김수영의 「풀」은 부사와 동사에서 드러나는 변역(變易)과 더불어 풀↔바람, 눕다↔일어나다, 울다↔웃다 등에서 나타나는 동사의 역동성은 음양(陰陽)의 대립적 운동성과 일맥상통할 뿐만 아니라 일음일양(一陰一陽)의 양상과 동일한 것이다. 김수영의 시 「풀」에서 음양(陰陽)적 상상력의 핵심은 '눌린 만큼 용출하는 木(풀)의 동정(動靜)운동'이다. 자연에 존재하는 모든 사물은 발전적 변화를 일으킬 때 방해요소인 '억압'과 전진하려는 모습인 '분발(반발)'이 모순 → 대립 → 조화를 반복하는 동정(動靜)운동을 한다. 김수영의 「풀」에서 보이는 동정(動靜)운동은, 바람(陽)은 풀(陰)을 만나기 위해 하강(억압)하고 풀(陰)은 바람(陽)을 만나기 위해 상승(분발)하는 가운데 교감(조화)한다. 음양(陰陽)조화의 결과는, 새로운 탄생이 아니면 성장(발전)이다. 이는 '풀'의 운동성이 불러일으키는 생명감'의 원천은 음양(陰陽)적 상상력이었음을 증명하는 것이다. 「풀」에 투영된 음양(陰陽)적 상상력은 '억압' - '분발(반발)' - '교감(감응)' 등 '풀'의 동정(動靜)운동 중에 생성되는 이미지를 통하여 실존적 존재의 성장 혹은 희망을 포착하게 해 주었던 것이다. 화자의 시선이 줄곧 '풀'의 운동성을 응시함으로써 소묘적 회화성 속에 내재된 발화의 진실은 실존적인 존재의 성장(발전)을 통하여 삶의 주체'로 거듭나는 것임을 명료하게 보여 줄 수 있었다. 음양오행(陰陽五行)적 관점은 「공자의 생활난」으로부터 시작된 김수영의 유가적 시창작 태도가 마지막 작품에도 나타나고 있음을 확인할 수 있게 해 주었다. 이는 모더니즘 시인이라 불리는 김수영이 전통을 부정하는 시인이 아닌 전통 계승적인 창작활동을 하였음을 보여주는 것이다. 이러한 점은 김수영의 문학은 물론, 한국현대시사에서 갖는 의미도 적지 않다. This study pays attention to the imagination of Yin-Yang for several reasons. First, Kim, Soo-young's poem, "Grass," is important in that most discussions to explain his poetic characteristics have been conducted around that poem. Next, his works themselves are both the world and symbols which promote 'an imagination of Yin-Yang' in that the same nouns and verbs, which resemble the cycle of Yin-Yang characterized by circulation and repetition, are repeated continuously. Particularly, though the dynamics shown in the transformation of 'lying -> crying -> laughing' and the repetition or the comparison of 'lying↔ standing up' or 'crying ↔ laughing' has the form of one-Yin and one-Yang, and it is consistent with the Yin-Yang's movement of repetition and comparison, it is hard to find explanations about his poetic world which are suggested in terms of Yin-Yang The core of the imagination of Yin-Yang described in "Grass" is the movement within stillness. Everything in the universe encompasses both 'promotion,' the shape of progress, and 'repression,' the disturbing factor, when they make developing changes; they do a movement within stillness which is characterized by the repetition of 'contradiction → comparison → harmony.' His poem "Grass" shows a movement within stillness in that both Yin and Yang consensually respond to each other, while, on the one hand, "wind" (Yang) intends to descend (repression) to meet "grass" (Yin), on the other hand, "grass" (Yin) intends to ascend (promotion) to meet "wind" (Yang). The result of the harmony (connection) between Yin and Yang is a new birth or growth and development. In this sense, it can be thought that, on the basis of the imagination of Yin-Yang, Kim, Soo-young suggested the possibility of existential beings' growth and development through struggles in lives encompassed in images of 'repression,' 'promotion (resistance),' and 'consensual response (responsive action).' The imagination of Yin-Yang reflected in "Grass" enables us to see the essence of life that is expressed in his inner world. In this context, "Grass" shows his perception of reality or the response to the reality embedded in the image of grass field. The poetic speaker in "Grass" continuously gazes the movement of 'grass.' It implies that the reality which the poet tries to reveal is human struggles in real lives. Thus, the tranquility of existential beings is inevitable result. That is, what his inner world pursues is to rebirth into a new subject that can secure a sense of safety. Additionally, the perspective of Yin-Yang and Five Element Theory that is based on I Ching is meaningful in that it proves that Kim, Soo-young's Confucian attitude of poetic creation, which was derived from Confucius' hard living, was continued to his final work. It suggests that, though he is called a modernism poet, he created his works in terms of the succession of the tradition, not in terms of the denial of the tradition. These points are meaningful in Kim, Soo-young literature and the history Korean poem.