佔畢齋金宗直의 內面世界와 初期士林派

이종범(Lee, Jong-Bum) 동양한문학회(구 부산한문학회) 2009 동양한문학연구 Vol.28 No.-

15세기 후반은 국가적 법제와 문물이 완비되면서도 세조의 즉위와 이에 편승한 훈구공신의 권력독점과 전횡으로 조선왕조의 이상이 심각하게 훼손된 시기였다. 이때 ｢弔義帝文｣은 세조의 즉위에 따른 역사의 상흔을 치유하고자 한 정치세력에게 있어서 자신들의 의리명분론을 대변하는 의미를 지녔다. 그러나 정작 ｢조의제문｣을 지은 金宗直의 사환은 평탄하고 일상은 안온하였다. 당대 일급 문사로서 세조와 그의 공신을 적극 찬양하기도 하였으며 지방관으로서 庶政을 쇄신하고 많은 제자를 양성하는 등의 치적을 올렸다. 그러나 내면의 심리적 울분과 정체성 갈등은 심각하였다. 김종직이 적극적 현실참여의 길로 선회한 것은 모친상을 지낸 다음이었다. 이 과정에서 金宏弼등의 일부 제자와 出處論문제로 갈등이 있었고, 정치쇄신과는 거리를 두었던 때문에 후진의 비판을 받기도 하였다. 그러나 김종직은 국가 학술 및 편찬사업을 통하여 훈구파 일색의 學文權力을 해체하는 역할을 자임하였다. 사림파의 정치적, 학술적 위상의 강화에 기여한 것이다. 金馹孫등이 세조의 치세를 재평가하는 역사운동에 적극 나설 수 있었던 것도 사림파의 위상 제고를 바탕으로 한 것이었는데, 이때 ｢조의제문｣을 한 시대의 역사적 상흔을 웅변한 불멸의 서사로 재평가되었다. 이러한 점에서 김종직은 세조의 즉위와 그에 따른 공신의 체제에 머물렀음에도 그들의 두터운 장벽을 허물기 위한 도전의 단초를 제공하였다는 점에서 시대의 변화와 사림의 의식전환을 이끌었던 경계인으로 평가될 수 있을 것이다. In the late 15th century, legal and institutional systems were completely organized, but the ideals of Joseon dynasty were seriously damaged because of King Sejo(世祖)'s enthronement and political monopoly of Hungu meritorious retainers. At this time, new political forces suggested the damage caused by king's enthronement to be managed and the ｢Joeuijemun(弔義帝文)｣was a model of such change in consciousness. However, Kim, Jong-Jik who wrote the ｢Joeuijemun｣could not but take a job in the royal court and admire the regime by King Sejo. Internal conflicts were serious. Poetry in its early period such as ｢Kaheungcham(可興站)｣and ｢Sabangji(舍方知)｣was representation of such conflicts. And though he attempted to reform officialdom as a local officer while teaching a number of students, his psychological conflicts and resentment were not resolved. Kim, Jong-Jik turned his attention to practical things after he lost his mother in spite of Kim, Gweng-Pil's appeasement. However, though some of his students criticized him, he stayed away from a political reform. Instead, he participated in national academic projects to permeate into academic power of Hungu-group(勳舊派) and greatly contributed to reinforcement of political and academic positions of Sarim-group(士林派). Based on reinforced academic capability, Sarim fiercely confronted against Hungu and led a campaign of history to reevaluate the regime of King Sejo. At this time, the ｢Joeuijemun｣was reevaluated as an everlasting narrative that speaks for historical damage of one period. In this aspect, this study suggests that Kim, Jong-Jik's life was a challenge to break a thick barrier of Hungu meritorious retainers though he belonged to them.

인진호탕(茵蔯蒿湯) 추출액이 Diethylnitrosamine과 CCl₄로 유발된 흰쥐의 간암(肝癌) 형성과 간경변(肝硬變)에 미치는 영향

이종범,허래경,성기문,문구,이종덕,원진희,Lee, Jong-Bum,Heo, Rae-Kyong,Seung, Kee-Moon,Moon, Goo,Lee, Jong-Deok,Won, Jin-Hee 대한약침학회 2009 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.12 No.3

Injinho-tang(IJ) has been used for the treatment of hepatobiliary diseases. This study was performed to observe the effect of IJ extract on the hepatocellular carcinogenesis and hepatic cirrhosis induced by Diethylnitrosamine(DENA) and $CCl_4$ in Rats. Experimental groups were divided into two ; 8th and 12th week group, and subdivided into four; normal group(Nor), hepatocellular cancer and hepatic cirrhosis inducing control group(Con), and IJ extract 260mg/kg/day(IJA) or 520mg/kg/day(IJB) administered groups to Con. The results obtained are as follows: The body weight was decreased in the Con, IJA and IJB compared with the Nor from the 2nd week to the 12th week. The weight of liver and the weight of liver/100g body weight were decreased significantly in Con, IJA and IJB compared with the Nor. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) were significantly increased in the Con compared with Nor, but decreased in the IJA and IJB compared with Con from the 8th week group. The activities of alkaline phosphatase(ALP), lactacte dehydrogenase (LDH) and alpha fetoprotein(AFP) were increased significantly in the Con compared with Nor, but decreased in the IJA and IJB compared with Con. The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) were decreased in the IJA and IJB compared with Con, but the activities of catalase were increased in the IJA and IJB compared with Con. According to the light and electron microscopical observation, IJA and IJB improved the morphological and histopathological changes of the liver injured by DENA and $CCl_4$. The number of hepatic p53 positive cells was decreased in the IJA and IJB compared with Con. These results suggest that administration of IJ extract suppress or retard DENA and $CCl_4$-induced hepatocelluar carcinogenesis and hepatic cirrhosis in rats.

기억공간으로서의 길 : 15세기 후반 사림의 여행과 소통

이종범(Lee Jong-Bum) 부산경남사학회 2008 역사와 경계 Vol.69 No.-

The most important boundary between Hungu(勳舊) and Sarim(士林) in the late 15th century was an issue of past history. Hungu respected King Sejo as a king of rare restoration while Salim revealed historical defects in the process that King Sejo used to usurp the throne and attempted to correct them. Such conflicts caused Muosahwa(戊午士禍) when Kim Il-Son's historical record, where 'Joeijemun(弔義帝文)' are inserted, was disclosed. However, 'Joeijemun' was not published in the historical record because Kim, Il-Son was one of Kim Jong-Jik's students. It was because vivid memories and record by Kim, Si-Seup and Nam, Hyo-On who spent their whole lives wandering and traveling were transferred to Kim, Il-Son. Kim, Il-Son also visited hermits who resisted against King Sejo's usurpation of the throne and reign from his teens until his mid-twenties. In this respect, traveling and pilgrimage was not avoidance of the time, but a choice beyond the boundary of the time and place to remember and treat historical scars. Therefore, the road to Kim, Si-Seup, Nam, Hyo-On and Kim, Il-Son who led the memory campaign was a memory space. However, the memory campaign was not intended to deny and liquidate King Sejo's reign wholly. It was an attempt of historic reconciliation for record of the past truth and future. It gives a useful suggestion on historical campaign today.

Safe와 Non-safe 전력 부하 라인 분석을 위한 TFP트리 기반의 점진적 출현패턴 마이닝

이종범,박명호,류근호,Lee, Jong-Bum,Piao, Ming Hao,Ryu, Keun-Ho 한국공간정보학회 2011 한국공간정보학회지 Vol.19 No.2

본 논문에서는 특정 지역의 전력 소비 데이터를 이용하여 safe와 non-safe 전력 부하 라인의 차이를 분석하여 정의하고, 출현패턴을 사용하여 잠재되어 있는 non-safe라인을 식별하기 위하여 제한된 메모리에서 효율적으로 패턴을 찾을 수 있는 TFP-tree 기반의 점진적 출현패턴 마이닝 알고리즘을 제안한다. 특히, 두 개의 다른 최소 지지도 값을 사용하여 전력 소비 데이터와 같은 대용량 데이터에서의 마이닝 문제를 해결한다. In this paper, for using emerging patterns to define and analyze the significant difference of safe and non-safe power load lines, and identify which line is potentially non-safe, we proposed an incremental TFP-tree algorithm for mining emerging patterns that can search efficiently within limitation of memory. Especially, the concept of pre-infrequent patterns pruning and use of two different minimum supports, made the algorithm possible to mine most emerging patterns and handle the problem of mining from incrementally increased, large size of data sets such as power consumption data.

Mechanism of Inhibitory Effect of Imipramine on Isolated Rat Detrusor Muscle in Relation to Calcium Modulation

이종범,유계준,하정희,권오철,이광윤,김원준,Lee, Jong-Bum,Yoo, Kae-Joon,Ha, Jeoung-Hee,Kwon, Oh-Cheol,Lee, Kwang-Youn,Kim, Won-Joon The Korean Society of Pharmacology 1992 대한약리학잡지 Vol.28 No.1

항우울제에 속하는 imipramine은 유뇨증에 대한 치료제로서도 널리 사용되고 있다. Imipramine이 유뇨증 치료제로서의 명백한 치료효과를 보이기는 하나, 그 작용기전에 대해서는 아직 논란이 많다. 그 중 가장 유력한 설은 말초성 자율신경에 대한 작용으로서 무스카린성 길항작용과 교감신경말단에서의 catecholamine 재섭취 방해작용 및 직접적인 방광근 이완 작용 등이 제시되고 있다. 또 최근에는 방광 평활근에 대한 직접작용에 칼슘 이동 억압 작용이 중요한 역할을 한다고 주장되고 있다. 이에 본 실험에서는 흰쥐의 적출방광 배뇨근 절편을 사용하여 imipramine의 항유뇨작용과 calcium동원과의 관련성을 추구하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 배뇨근 절편은 전기장자극에 의해 주파수의존적으로 수축하였는데, 이 전기장자극 유발 수축반응은 imipramine에 의해 농도 의존적으로 억제되었고 고농도에서는 완전히 소실되었으나, atropine에 의해서는 고농도에서도 소실되지 않았다. 2. Imipramine은 자발수축 및 기본 장력에 대하여 이들을 농도 의존적인 양상으로 억제하였으며, 이 억제작용은 diltiazem에 의한 억제와 유사하였다. 그러나 atropine은 배뇨근절편의 기본장력이나 자발수축에 아무런 영향도 미치지 않았다. 3. $^*Imipramine$은 bethanechol 유발수축과 adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 유발수축을 농도의존적으로 억압하였다. 4. Imipramine은 칼슘배제용액에서 칼슘 첨가에의한 수축성의 회복을 억제하였는데, 이러한 작용은 diltiazem보다 그 효력이 낮았으나 그 작용양상은 유사하였다. 5. Imipramine에 의해 감소되었던 배뇨근절편의 기본장력은 calcium ionophore인 A23187에 의해 회복되었다. 칼슘배제 영양액에 장시간 노출됨으로써 기본장력은 소실되었으며, imipramine을 전처치한 경우는 A23187첨가에 의해 장력이 회복되지 않았으나, 세포내칼슘 유리억제제인 trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(diethylamino)octyl ester [TMB-8]을 전처치한 경우 A23187은 배뇨근의 기본장력을 현저히 회복시켰다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 imipramine의 배뇨근 수축 억제작용의 기전에는 무스카린성 및 퓨린성 수용체봉쇄작용도 관여하나, 주된 기전은 평활근세포에 직접 작용하여 세포외 칼슘의 유입을 억제하는 것으로 사료된다. Enuresis is a common voiding disorder among children. There are several therapeutic regimens for the disorder available today; behavioral therapies, psychotherapy, bladder training, sleep interruption, hypnosis and drug therapy. Recently, the efficacy of drug therapy has been acknowledged, particularly of antidepressants. Among the tricyclic antidepressants, imipramine is most frequently employed for the treatment of enuresis. Present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism of imipramine on the contractility of urinary bladder in relation to the calcium modulation using isolated strips of rat detrusor urinae. 1. The electric fileld stimulation-induced contraction was abolished by imipramine, but partially inhibited by atropine. 2. Imipramine reduced the basal tone and diminished the phasic activity of detrusor muscle concentration-dependently, which was similar to that of diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker. 3. Imipramine suppressed the maximal responses and shifted the concentration-response curves of bethanechol and ATP to right. 4. Imipramine inhibited the calcium-induced recovery of tension in calcium-free physiologic salt solution (PSS) with a mode of action similar to that of diltizaem. 5. A23187, a calcium ionophore recovered the basal tone which had been reduced by imipramine in normal PSS. 6. In calcium-free PSS, A23187 could recover the abolished basal tone with the pretreatment of imipramine, but it exerted a partial recovery with the pretreatment of TMB-8, an inhibitor of intracellular calcium release. Based on these results, it is suggested that the inhibitory action of imipramine on the detrusor muscle exerted in part by blockade of the muscarinic and purinergic receptors, and interference with the influx of extracellular calcium, but not with the release of intracellular stored calcium, is involved in its mechanism of action.

건강상담실

이종범,Lee Jong-Bum 한국건강관리협회 1990 건강소식 Vol.14 No.3

연구논문 : 무오사림(戊午士林) 이원(李원)의 내면세계(內面世界)와 조선후기 현양사업(顯揚事業)의 추이(推移)

이종범 ( Jong Bum Lee ) 호남사학회(구-전남사학회) 2010 역사학연구 Vol.39 No.-

이 논문의 문제의식은 역사상의 기억을 진보를 향한 기억과 현실에 안주하는 보수적 기억으로 구분한다는 문제의식을 바탕으로 작성되었다. 이를 위하여 15세기 후반 새로운 정치질서를 만들기 위하여 노력하다가 국왕과 훈구세력에 의하여 희생된 李원을 사례로 삼아 그의 사상과 지향을 살피고 이원을 기억하고 추모하는 후손과 지방사족의 노력을 시기별로 서술하고 여기에서 이원이 어떻게 기억되고 있으며 그러한 기억의 의미가 무엇인가를 정리하였다. 여기에서 다음과 같은 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 첫째 훗날 이원에 대한 기억은 15세기 이원의 사상 및 학문 나아가 그가 이루고자 한 목표를 중심으로 하지 않고 다만 15세기 사림파의 종장이라고 일컬었던 김종직의 충실한 문인의 수준으로 축소되어 있었다. 둘째 이원의 가족사에 대한 구체적 진실이 捨象되고 조선전기 가장 충격적인 쫓겨난 어린 국왕을 복위하려는 이른바 상왕복위사건의 박팽년이라는 주인공의 외손으로 기억되었다. 이러한 기억과 추모는 이 가문이 한때의 역신의 외손 집안이라는 멍에가 오래 강인하게 남아있었기 때문이지만 한편으로는 그러한 난관에도 불구하고 이 집안을 다시 궤도에 올려놓는데 큰 역할을 하였던 여성을 전혀 기억하지 않는 결과를 낳았다. 그런데 이러한 기억은 조선후기 정치사회가 師弟관계와 학파세력이 바탕이 된 붕당정치의 시대이며 동시에 家父長制 宗法體制를 근간으로 한 中世社會象을 반영하는 것이다. 따라서 이러한 기억과 추모는 시대에 안주하는 보수적 기억으로 새로운 미래를 위하여 과거와의 대화의 산물로서의 진보적 기억은 아니었다. 이러한 현상은 조선후기 조상 및 先賢의 顯揚事業이 거의 비슷한 양상을 보인다는 점에서 이원과 이원의 가문에 한정되는 사례는 아니다. 그런데 이러한 현상이야말로 조선후기 학인가문과 양반사회는 그만큼 역동성을 잃어가고 있다는 반증이었다. 이에 비하여 권력투쟁에서 패배하였거나 경제적으로 몰락한 양반지식인이나 국가의 사회변동을 따르지 못하는 통치체제로부터 희생을 당한 일반민중은 점차 보수세력에게는 위험하게 여겨지는 새로운 사상과 이념 나아가 신앙을 찾기 시작하였다. 이것은 유교적 전통의 단절을 통한 내재적 전환과 맥락을 같이한다고 하겠다. This study which is derived from the a critical mind that historical memories are categorized into progressive and conservative, focuses on Lee Won who made every effort to create new political order but was sacrificed by the king and Hungu forces in late fifteenth century. The study examined her ideas and intentions, described efforts by her descendants and local scholars who honored her in each period and organized how she has been remembered and what it means. As a result, the followings were discovered: First, she was just considered as one member of literary group led by Kim Jong Jik who was referred as head of Sarimpa in the fifteenth century rather than a focus is given on her ideas and aims. Second, specific truth on her family was ignored and she was only remembered as a granddaughter of Park Paeng Nyeon who attempted to help a young prince who was expelled from the court restore his throne. She was under a yoke that she came from a family of rebellious subject, but despite of such difficulties she made a great contribution to restoring the fame of her family, but she has not been remembered at all. Such history reflects the aspect of medieval society based on factional politics which was a foundation of teachers-pupils relationships and scholastic powers, and patriarchal system. Therefore, it was not progressive as it was a product through conversation with the past. Such phenomenon is not limited to Lee Won and her families in that it has a similar aspect to the plan to make ancestors and ancient sages famous in late Joseon Period. It is a counter evidence that the scholastic families and aristocrats lost their dynamic power in late Joseon Period. In contrast, aristocrats who lost in power struggles or were financially deprived and the public who were sacrificed from tax system which was away from social changes began to find new ideas and faith which were considered as dangerous to conservative powers. It has the same context as inherent conversion through breaking off from Confucian tradition.

별서 명승지역 내 노거수목의 관리개선방안

이종범 ( Jong Bum Lee ),이창훈 ( Chang Hun Lee ),최병재 ( Byoung Jae Choi ),이재근 ( Jae Keun Lee ) 한국전통조경학회 2013 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.31 No.1

별서의 성격이 나타나는 명승지역의 노거수목은 다른 명승지역보다 인위적 피해에 노출이 심하며, 수령이 많은 수목은 외부 환경조건에 매우 민감하게 반응하므로 그에 상응하는 관리방안이 필요하다. 본 연구는 명승지 중에서 별서의 유형이 나타나는 지역 내 노거수목의 실태를 살펴보고 관리방안을 제시하고자 하였으며, 도출된 결론을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지상부 수목건강도와 관련하여 수관변형, 가지고사, 수피고사가 수세판단과 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 특히, 탐방객이 많은 지역은 고사지와 고사목에 대한 신속한 조치가 요구되었으며, 이용객과 시설물의 안전대책에 대한 관리가 필요하였다. 둘째, 토양환경은 답압과 수세판단에서 높은 상관관계를 나타냈으며, 대상지역 15개소 중 답압에 노출된 수목은 64.2%로 이용객 증가에 따라 수세가 쇠약하였다. 이에 답압에 견딜 수 있는 지표층을 조성하는 방안으로 답압에 강한 초본류의 식재나 이용 동선에 보조시설의 설치도 검토해야 할 것으로 판단된다. 셋째, 대상지는 연못과 계류에 인접한 곳이 많았으며, 수변지역 수목들은 토양과습으로 인한 생육저하 현상이 진행되고 있어 관리대안이 필요한 것으로 조사되었다. 또한, 여름철 집중호우로 인한 퇴수구 막힘 현상은 주변의 토양 과습을 초래하여 수목에는 치명적인 요인으로 작용하므로 장마 전·후에 호안 주변과 물 빠짐부에 대한 정비계획과 시행이 필요하다. 이 외에도 명승지역 별서정원 주요수목의 지속적인 보존을 위한 중장기적인 관리 정책을 계획하고, 대상지별 특징에 따른 수목관리 지침서화 작업을 적극적으로 제안하며, 이러한 체계적인 관리시스템 개발의 연구와 예산확보 등을 통한 유지관리를 위해 전문적인 인력 확보가 요구된다. Big and old trees in the scenic spots with the attributes of remote villas are vulnerable to man-made damages and very sensitive to the external environment such as soil conditions, so the corresponding management plans are required. Thus this study has been conducted to survey the big and old trees in the scenic remote villas and suggest the ideal management plans. The results can be summarized as follows. First, regarding the tree heath above the ground, transformation of tree, death of branches, and death of barks are closely related to tree vigor. Particularly, the areas receiving many visitors require prompt countermeasures against the dried and dead tress above the ground and the areas in which dried and dead tress occurred and also the safety measures for the visitors and facilities. Second, regarding the soil environment, visitor traffic is closely related to the tree vigor. In 15 remote villa gardens, 64% of trees are exposed to heavy traffic and the tree vigor has declined due to an increase of visitor. Thus, there is a need to give positive consideration the installation of the complementary facilities and the plantation of herbal plants in the congested areas to form the ground surface that can tolerate the heavy visitor traffic. Third, remote gardens are in general located adjacent to ponds and mountain streams and thus the trees in the waterfront areas require the prompt countermeasures against the decline of growth due to the excess-moisture in the soil. Further the blockage of the sewage system due to the heavy rains dampens the surrounding soil, which results in lethal damages to the trees. Thus, there is a need of the maintenance of the waterfront areas and sewage system before and after the rainy season. In addition, there is a need to establish medium-long term management polices through the recognition of the importance of the main trees of remote villa gardens in scenic spots and prepare the tree management manual depending on the attributes of the corresponding areas. I strongly suggest making manuals for the systematic management as well as the extensive PR activities and education for the preservation of tress on a long-term basis; and furthermore securing the budget and manpower for the research and development of a systematic management system.

2세대 항정신병 약물의 대사증후군

이종범(Jong Bum Lee),서완석(Wan Seok Seo) 대한생물치료정신의학회 2007 생물치료정신의학 Vol.13 No.2

This study reviewed metabolic effects of second generation antipsychotics(SGAs). SGAs generally have greater risks for develping metabolic syndrome, such as weight gain, abnormality in glucose and lipid metabolism. Olanzapine and clozapine have greatest risks in weight gain and glucose metabolism abnormality. Meanwhile, aripiprazole and ziprasidone have least risks in developing metabolic syndrome. Various therapeutic approaches to reduce SGAs related metabolic syndrome were suggested. They are behavioral therapies and weight reduction medications, such as sibutramine, orlistat and topiramate. Careful monitoring of serum glucose, cholesterol level and weight gain are the most important things to prevent SGAs related metabolic syndrome. Future studies for developing SGAs related metabolic syndrome speicific therapeutic strategies and finding mechanisms of SGAs related metabolic abnormalies are needed.

노인의 우울에 관한 연구

이종범(Lee Jong Bum),서혜수(Suh Hae Seo),정성덕(Cheung Sung Douk) 한국노년학회 1984 한국노년학 Vol.4 No.1

The authors studied depression, using Zung's self-rating depression scales in 339 older males, and compared the results with those of 522 older females who lived in the Seoul, Taegu, and Gyong San areas during the period from the beginning of october 1983 until the end of June 1984. The summary of results is as follows, 1. There was a significant difference in the means of total depression scores between the two groups. The older female were more depressive than the older male. 2. The depression scores relating to hopelessness, personal devaluation, dissatisfaction, psychomotor retardation and emptiness were relatively high in both groups. The scores of psychomotor agitation, crying spells, constipation and suicidal rumination were lower in both groups. 3. The 111 older males (33.7%) showed rather serious depression levels with scores of 50 or higher, while the 295 older female(56.5%) showed the same score. 4. Among these psychosocial factors, aging, occupation, supporter and living places are related to depression scores significantly in both male and female aging. And older females are more depressive than older male in the case of supporter(self, sons), no occupation, illiteracy and no religion.