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이종관,이민우,김종화,김종화,이재연,오행록,Lee, Jongkwan,Lee, Minwoo,Kim, Jonghwa,Kim, Jongkwa,Lee, Jaeyeon,Oh, Haengrok 한국융합보안학회 2021 융합보안 논문지 Vol.21 No.1
본 논문은 사이버 작전 상황을 직관적으로 이해하기 위한 사이버 군대부호를 제안한다. 현재 사용하고 있는 군대부호들은 사이버 작전을 고려하지 않고 물리적 작전만을 고려하여 표준화되었다. 미군의 합동군대부호 표준인 MIL-STD-25 25D에서는 일부 사이버 작전을 위한 부호들이 포함되어 있으나 영문자 3자로 구성된 아이콘만이 표준화되어 있다. 따라서 사이버 작전을 효과적으로 표현하는데 한계가 있다. 이러한 이유로 본 논문은 현존하는 군대부호 생성 규칙에 부합하는 사이버 작전을 위한 군대 부호를 제안한다. 단지 군대부호만을 제시하는 것에 그치지 않고 제안하는 부호의 효용성을 증명하기 위해 제안하는 부호를 사용하여 다양한 사이버 상황을 표현한 예제도 함께 제시한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 부호들이 모든 사이버 상활을 표현할 수는 없으나, 제안한 부호들을 기반으로 더 많은 부호들이 향후 표준화될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. In this paper, we propose military symbols for cyber operations to understand the situation in cyberspace intuitively. Currently, standardized military symbols are mainly for kinetic operations, and they do not consider cyber operations. Although, MIL-STD-2525D includes some symbols for cyber operations, only icons that are composed of three letters are standardized. So there is a limit to effectively expressing cyber operations. That is why we propose military symbols for cyber operations compatible with existing military symbol building rules. In addition to merely presenting the symbols, we present examples of expressing various cyber situations using the proposed symbols. It proves the usefulness of the proposed symbol. The small number of symbols proposed in this paper will not be able to represent all cyber situations. However, based on the proposed symbols, it is expected that more symbols will be standardized in the future to more clearly express the cyber situation.
Association of Bovine CSRP3 and ACOX1 Genes with Carcass and Meat Quality Traits
이종관,조용민,이준헌,Lee, Jong-Kwan,Cho, Yong-Min,Lee, Jun-Heon Institute of Agricultural Science 2010 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.37 No.2
There is no investigation has yet been conducted for ACOX1 and CSRP3 gene polymorphisms in Korean cattle (Hanwoo), and their associations with carcass and meat quality traits. In this study, SNPs in ACOX1 and CSRP3 genes were identified and their associations with carcass and meat quality traits were investigated in 227 Hanwoo animals. Two SNPs (g.224G> A and g.19491G>A) in ACOX1 gene and one SNP (g.14859C>T) in CSRP3 gene were identified in Hanwoo and sequence analysis indicated that these SNPs were located in the coding regions. The allele frequencies of ACOX1 g.224G>A and g.19491G>A SNPs were 0.57, 0.43, and 0.56 and 0.44, respectively, For CSRP3 g.14859C>T polymorphism, the C and T allele frequencies were 0.64 and 0.36, respectively. The Hanwoo cattle were used to detect PCR-RFLP patterns for estimating the allele frequencies. Single marker association analyses were performed between genotype of each SNP, and carcass and meat quality association traits to evaluate the relationships in Hanwoo. The g.224G>A SNP genotypes of ACOX1 gene, which was significantly associated with meat quantity grade at slaughter (P<0.03) and backfat thickness tended to be greater (P=0.06) in Hanwoo. The previously identified g.14859C>T SNP was used in this study and the obtained genotype and allele frequencies are almost similar with the previous results reported by Bhuiyan et al. (2007). However, no significant association was found between g.19491G>A SNP in the ACOX1 and g.14859C>T SNP genotypes of CSRP3 gene and considered carcass and meat quality traits. In conclusion, the information on the identified SNPs in CSRP3 and ACOX1 genes could be useful for further association study and haplotype analysis for the development of carcass and meat quality traits in Hanwoo.
개인전투체계 다중홉 네트워크를 위한 동적 시간슬롯 할당 기법
이종관,Lee, Jongkwan 한국군사과학기술학회 2021 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.24 No.1
In this paper, we propose a dynamic slot allocation scheme to improve the slot utilization rate in tactical multi-hop networks in which the channel condition varies due to node movements. The proposed scheme takes advantage of the fact that nodes that are more than three hops apart can use the same slot simultaneously. The frame is divided into two parts: the control period and the data period. To know the available slot information within two-hop distance, the node exchanges a slot allocation information with one-hop neighbors during the control period. The node can get the information on idle slots that are not used within two-hop distance but assigned already to other nodes that are more than three-hop away. The identified idle slot can be used by the node, which increases the slot utilization rate. The performance analysis results of the proposed scheme show that it increases the slot utilization rate sufficiently despite the overhead of the control period in the multi-hop networks of the future soldier system.
이종관,최현주,Lee, Jong-Kwan,Choi, Hyun-Joo 한국군사과학기술학회 2006 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.9 No.4
In this paper, a watermark technique for identifying friendly and foe is proposed during communication. The speech signal is processed in several stages. First, speech signal is partitioned into small time frames and the frames are transformed into frequency domain using DFT(Discrete Frequency Transform). The DFT coefficients are quantized and the watermark signal is embedded into the quantized DFT coefficients. At the destination channel quantization errors of received signal are regarded as the watermark signal. Identification of friendly and foe are done by correlating the detected watermark and the original watermark. As in most other watermark techniques, this method has a trade off between noise robustness and quality. However, this is solved by a partial quantization and a noise level dependent quantization step. Simulation results in the various noisy environments show that the proposed method is reliable for identification between friendly and foe.