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전신마취시 경막외강에 투여한 Clonidine의 술후 제통효과
이정태,유병식,소금영,최소용,정종달 대한마취과학회 1998 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.35 No.3
Background : Epidurally administered clonidine produces analgesia by an alpha 2-adrenergic mechanism and may provide postoperative analgesia without nausea, pruritus and respiratory depression associated with opioid administration. Many studies have shown the beneficial effects of epidural clonidine in postoperative pain management. Pre-administered epidural analgesic agent before the skin incision may prevent the nociceptive input. We provided the pre-emptive analgesia and compared the postoperative analgesic effects of epidural clonidine when used as the sole analgesic agent with epidural fentanyl and epidural bupivacaine. Methods : Thirty-nine gynecologic patients, ASA physical status 1, 2, undergoing elective lower abdominal surgery under general anesthesia, were studied. They were not taking any premedications. Before anesthesia, an epidural catheter was inserted at the L2∼3 interspace. Patients were divided into 3 groups randomly. Group 1 received 0.125% bupivacaine 20 ml through the epidural catheter,group 2 received 100 g fentanyl in normal saline 20 ml, and group 3 received 150 g clonidine in normal saline 20 ml. During the operation, we recorded the vital signs and side effects. Just before suturing peritoneum, we injected the corresponding drugs on individual groups through the epidural catheter. In the recovery room, the postoperative analgesia was assessed by VAS(visual analogue scale). Vital signs, sedation score and side effects were also checked. Results : VAS and systolic blood pressure were significantly lower in group 3 than group 1 or group 2 at the recovery room. The diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and sedation score were not significantly different between three groups at the recovery room. Also the vital signs during the operation were not significantly different between three groups. The incidence of hypotension was 3 out of 13 in group 3 and 1 out of 13 in group 1. Conclusion : Epidural bolus clonidine 150 g produces more profound and longer postoperative analgesic effects than fentanyl 100 g or 0.125% bupivacaine at the lower abdominal surgery. But hypotension may occur more frequently. So, if we select the patient cautiously, epidural clonidine is a good alternative analgesic agent for the postoperative analgesia.
Evaluation of Soil Loss According to Surface Covering and Tillage Methods in Corn Cultivation
이정태,이계준,류종수,김점순,한경화,박석호 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.6
Corn was mainly cultivated in slope land during summer season when heavy rain falls so that soil loss occursseverely. Especially, soil disturbance and exposure of topsoil by conventional tillage intensifies soil loss byheavy rain. The aim of this study was to develop surface covering and tillage methods for reducing soil loss incorn cultivation. The experiment was conducted in 17% sloped lysimeter with 8 treatments including striptillage after surface covering with rye residue, strip tillage after residue covering of several crops and sodculture, black polyethylene film covering after conventional tillage and control. Amount of runoff water anderoded soil, and corn growth were investigated. Amounts of runoff water in all plots except black polyethyleneplot ranged from 152 to 375 m3 ha-1, accounting for 13~32% of 1,158 m3 ha-1 in control. Amount of eroded soildecreased by 94 to 99% (3 to 89 kg ha-1) in plots of strip tillage after covering with crop residues compared tocontrol with 1,739 kg ha-1. Corn yields in plots of strip tillage after covering with crop residues ranged from 6.0to 6.9 Mg ha-1, while that of control was 6.5 Mg ha-1. The results suggest that strip tillage methods after surfacecovering with crop residues are very effective on soil conservation of slope land in corn cultivation.
『금궤요략(金匱要略)』 주석서(注釋書)에 나타난 신기환(腎氣丸)에 대한 연구(硏究)
이정태,김용진 대한한의학원전학회 ( 구 대한원전의사학회 ) 2011 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.24 No.1
本硏究以目前臨床應用較廣, 具有八味地黃丸、金匱八味丸等多種名稱的腎氣丸進行了文獻硏究. 具體硏究方法, 則采取了對最早提及腎氣丸的『金匱要略』及其多種注釋書進行綜合分析的方式來予進行. 通過本硏究, 得知在『金궤要略』中首次提及處方名和藥物組成時所采用的處方名乃是腎氣丸, 故認爲較之八味丸或八味腎氣丸之名稱, 當以腎氣丸爲最早、最正統的處方名稱. 另外, 腎氣丸所具有的功效, 可用於主治因腎氣虛衰所致的轉胞不得溺、虛勞腰痛、少腹拘急而小便不利、短氣有微飮、消渴而小便反多以及脚氣上入而少腹不仁等病證. 認爲以此硏究爲基礎, 今後有必要進一步對漢代以後至現在應用腎氣丸的文獻資料進行搜集整理, 幷按不同時代劃分去硏究腎氣丸的臨床運用情況及其功效, 以不斷提高臨床活用價値.
Evaluation of Soil Loss with Surface Covering Methods Using Strip Tillage Seeding Device
이정태,류종수,이계준,정희주,김점순,박석호 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.6
Most fields in highland areas are covered with rye or hairy vetch for conservation during a fallow. However,using cover crops needs an effort to sow, and this makes top soil more vulnerable to loss due to surfacedisturbances. The aims of this study were to develop an automatic seeding-regulator device using a low-price,extensive-use GPS sensors and a DC motors and to evaluate a working efficiency of it after adaptation topartial tillage machine for reducing seeding effort. The amount of runoff water and soil loss was evaluatedwith partial tillage and simultaneous-seeding after harvesting soybean, in 17% slope lysimeters. In results, theseeding amount with the machine speed was stable between 0.5~0.8 m s-1 of working sections. The automaticcontrol device of seeding-rate could be enough to solve the slip problems of power selecting supply system orfive four-wheel drive device. In partial tillage and simultaneous seeding, runoff water was 11.6% (1.8 m3 ha-1)of the scatter-seeding control (15.5 m3 ha-1) and soil loss was 13.2% (7 kg ha-1) of the scatter-seeding control(53 kg ha-1). These results suggest that partial tillage and simultaneous-seeding methods are very effective indecreasing work effort and soil loss of sloped land.
고랭지 경사 밭 무 재배지에서 토양유실경감을 위한 피복방법 평가
이정태,이계준,류종수,박석호,한경화,장용선 한국토양비료학회 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.5
There is relatively high vulnerability of soil erosion in slope highland agriculture due to a reclamation of mountain as well as low surface covering in early summer season with high rainfall intensity time. The aim of this study was to evaluate various surface covering methods for reducing soil loss in highland radish cultivation in highland. The experiment was conducted in 17% sloped lysimeter (2.5 m × 13.4 m) with 8treatments including covering with cut rye, sod culture of rye, Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis Nakai,Arachniodes aristata Tindale, Aster koraiensis Nakai, Festuca myuros L. and mulching with black polyethylene film, and runoff water, eroded soil and radish growth were investigated. Surface covering with sod culture and plant residue, especially cut rye treatment, had lower runoff water than non-covering, whereas black polyethylene film mulching had the reverse. The amount of eroded soil was also lowest in cut rye treatment, 0.3 Mg ha^-1, and increased in the order of rye sod culture, Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis Nakai, Aster koraiensis Nakai,Festuca myuros L., Arachniodes aristata Tindale, black polyethylene film, and non-covering, 68.2 Mg ha-1. The results showed that surface covering with sod culture or plant residue could be effective for reducing runoff water and soil erosion in the radish field, significantly in cut rye treatment. On the other hand, in sod culture of rye, Aster koraiensis Nakai and Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis Nakai, radish yields were lower than in the non-covering. Unlike this, covering with cut rye, sod culture of Festuca myuros L. had similar radish yield to the non-covering radish yield. In conclusion, covering with cut rye and sod culture of Festuca myuros L. were beneficial for reduction of soil loss without decreasing in radish yield in highland sloped fields.