복어독(Tetrodotoxin, TTX)과 관련된 국내 변사사건의 특성에 대한 고찰 및 제언

정인남(Jeong, In Nam),이혜지(Lee, Hye Ji),최성운(Choi, Sung Woon) 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2018 경찰학연구 Vol.18 No.1

매년 복어와 관련된 사망사고가 발생하고 있다. 사망사고가 발생하는 이유는 복어에 대한 잘못된 지식이나 독성의 위험성을 간과하는 등 여러 가지로 나타난다. 문제는 사망사고가 발생할 경우, 신체의 특이점을 쉽게 발견하기가 어렵다는 것이다. 복어독의 섭취방법과 섭취량에 따라 중독 증상 발현 시간이 다르기 때문에 쉽게 알아차리기도 어렵다. 이러한 이유로 천연독물의 위험성과 변사사건 처리 시 주의점을 제시하여 천연독물에 대한 이해와 수사상의 경각심을 높이고자 한다. 특히, 천연독물 중 일반음식점에서도 쉽게 찾아볼 수 있는 복어독을 중심으로 약 10년간 경찰에서 조사했던 사건들의 통계 및 특성을 확인하였다. 결론에서는 현장 조사 및 검시 상황에서의 주의사항과 이와 관련된 분석정책변경 등의 필요성을 제시하였다. Humans frequently come into contact with buffer fish as food material, in which contain natural toxins. Although toxins from puffer fish can show toxicity within a certain period of time after ingestion, the consumption of a lethal dose of toxins can lead humans to death. In the case of unnatural death, it is difficult to distinguish the accidental, unintentional death by toxin ingestion from intentional death because the changes and the signs of the deceased body due to the consumption of natural toxic substance is not clearly shown. Here we analyzed and discussed the characteristics of unusual deaths associated with puffer fish poisoning in Korea. In this study, we analyzed the incidents of puffer fish poisoning reported in scientific crime analysis system (SCAS) of Korea for 10 years from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2015. We analyzed the basic information of the deceased who died by puffer fish poisoning and specific poisoning signs. To further investigate the relationship between the unnatural death and puffer fish poisoning, the feature of the area, place where the poisoning happened and puffer fish consumption according to the type of death were examined. The reason for the lack of detection of natural toxins in the accidental poisoning case is related not only to the low incidence rate and lacking distinguishable bodily signs but also to the policy of the toxicant inspection administered by the National Forensic Service. Scientific investigators may request additional toxicology testing related to natural toxins for the Department of Toxicology, also need access for the crime scene with proper understanding of natural toxins.

지속적 외래 복막투석환자에서 투석 연결방법에 따른 복막염의 양상

정인경(In Kyung Jeong),홍성표(Seung Pyo Hong),이태원(Tae Won Lee),임천규(Chun Gyoo Ihm),김명재(Myung Jae Kim),안재형(Jae Hyung Ahn) 대한내과학회 1998 대한내과학회지 Vol.54 No.1

N/A Objectives : The purpose of the present study was to compare the general conditon of peritonitis through a study of three connector systems : The Straight transfer set with Spike-and-Pork system (SPS), The Straight transfer set with Luer-Lock system(SLS), and The Y-set with Two Bag system(YS). Methods: We reviewed our experience with 134 patients from 1988.1 to 1995.12. According to various kinds of connector system, we divided cases into 3 groups: The SPS(1988. 1-1991. 3) was used on 55 patients(mean age 47±12, M:F=30:25); The SLS (1991.4-1993.8) on 45 patients(mean age 55±11, M:F=30:15); and The YS(1993.9-1995.12) on 34 patients(mean age 49±15, M:F=15:19). Results: 1) Total CAPD duration was 1.22 patient ·year in SPS, 1.08 in SLS, and 0.96 in YS. The incidence of peritonitis is 1.71 episodes per patient ·year in SPS, 1.03 in SLS, and 0.61 in YS. 2) Among the causative organisms of peritonitis, coagulase negative Staphylococcus was most common in the three groups(SPS:10.4%, SLS:10%, YS: 20%). In SPS and SLS, S. aureus(7.7%, 8%), Pseudomonas(6.5%, 8%), E.coli(5.2%, 6%) were present in decreasing order. In YS, Pseudomonas (15%), S.aureus(15%), Ecoli(10%) were present in decreasing order. There were no growth of organisms in 55.9% of SPS, 38% of SLS, and 30% of YS. 3) The probability of experiencing the first peritonitis at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months was 21.4%, 21.4%, 21.4%, and 23.9% respectively in SPS, 3.4%, 34.5%, 34.5%, and 10.3% respectively in SLS, and 0%, 28.5%, 35.7%, and 28.5% respectively in YS. 4) In the response to the treatment of peritonitis, 59.7% of the peritonitis episodes in SPS, 72% in SLS, and 85% in YS were cured with antibiotics. In 37.7% of the peritonitis episodes in SPS, 24% in SLS, and 10% in YS, the catheter was removed due to fungal, tuberculous, recurrent, or peritonitis not responding to antibiotics. 2 patients in SPS, 2 patients in SLS, and 1 patient in YS died due to peritonitis. 5) The catheter survival rate at 3, 6, 12 months was 72%, 63.6%, and 40% respectively in SPS, 89%, 78.3%, and 46.7% respectively in SLS, and 94%, 85.3%, and 76.6% respectively in YS. Conclusion: Our study suggests that there is a relationship between the development of connector system and a decrease of peritonitis in CAPD.

내부가열을 이용한 보장성어육(고등어) 연제품의 가공 및 제품개발에 관한 연구 2. 제품저장중의 품질변화

이강호,이병호,유병진,서재수,조진호,정인학,제외권,LEE Kang-Ho,LEE Byeong-Ho,You Byeong-Jin,SUH Jae-Soo,JO Jin-Ho,JEONG In-Hak,JEA Yoi-Guan 한국수산과학회 1984 한국수산과학회지 Vol.17 No.5

In previous paper(Lee et al., 1984), preparation formula and processing conditions of the fish meat (mackerel) paste using dielectric heating were described, that included the proper shape and size of product and the conditions of dielectric heating, hot air dehydration, and heating with electric heater to yield the minimum expansion and case hardening during heating and to controll the final rater activity of 0.86 to 0.83 accompanying with a complete reduction of viable cells and good texture. In present study, changes in VBN, pH, total plate count, water activity, texture, the loss of available lysine, color indexes, TBA value, and the content of TI were determined to assess the quality stability and shelf-life of the product during the storage for 35 days at $5^{\circ}C\;and\;25^{\circ}C$, respectively. And the effect of vacuum sealing and hot water treatment before storage on the storage stability of product was also mentioned. As the product was vacuum packed in K-flex film bag, heat treated in boiling water for 6 minutes, and stored, water activity was maintained 0.86 to 0.84 for 35 days regardless of storage temperature, and the increase of total plate count was negligible in case of $5^{\circ}C$ storage while tended to gain slightly after 25 days at $25^{\circ}C$ storage. Changes in VBN was also minimum with an increase of 1.5 mg/100g at $5^{\circ}C$ and 7.0mg/100g at $25^{\circ}C$, but in case of unpacked sample, it was 24.5mg/100g at $5^{\circ}C$ and 42.4 mg/100g at $25^{\circ}C$ even after 7 days. In textural property hardness tended to increase after 28 days and folding test score was down to A or B from AA grade. The loss of available lysine was $7.5\%\;at\;5^{\circ}C$ and $17.0\%\;at\;25^{\circ}C$ but brown color was not deeply developed as the color index score indicated. TBA value was not increased at $5^{\circ}C$ while it tended to increase rapidly after 30 days at $25^{\circ}C$. Changes in TI content was not obvious except that it showed a tendency of increase at the end of storage as well as in the change of lysine and TBA value. It is concluded from the results that the quality of the product, pasteurized and water activity controlled by dielectric heating, and vacuum packed in K-flex film would be stable for more than 35 days at $5^{\circ}C$ and at least 25 days even at room temperature.

사계(四季)의 관점에서 본 정지용 수필의 내면세계

이정인(Lee Jeong-in) 한국어문학회 2017 語文學 Vol.0 No.135

The article assumes that the literary text is a reflection of the inner psychological landscape, as the writer writes down his orher experiences of life. Jeong Jiyong"s essays are the texts that his views and thoughts of life and life values are textualized. In considering such aspect, this article aims to examine the inner world of the poet, by employing the perspective of the four seasons. Here I contend that the four seasons not only represent the organic cycle of growth, maturity, decline and death, but also is organically correlated with the value system in accordance with the cycle of human life, which is as a part of the nature. In other words, it can be assumed that the natural law is also incorporated into the literary work, given that the author’s life is not free from the cycle of the nature. The perspective of the four seasons is therefore employed as an approach and framework that enables us to explore the inner world of the poet. This study categorizes Jeong Jiyong’s writings into four modes of the inner state: “nostalgic mind to childhood,” “psychological aspiration,” “speculation on youth and aging,” “the sign of neurosis and existential skepticism,” and “the loss of farewell and realization of life.” The main current of Jeong Jiyong’s literary consciousness is based on melancholy in isolation, also caused by loss and anxiety. Simultaneously, the device of self-consolation helps to overcome such depression and provides evidence and support to his existence. Jeong Jiyong’s literary creation therefore aims to satisfy his desires suppressed and contained in unconsciousness, and his essays reveal the process of seeking pleasure to meet such desires. Therefore, this study is a journey of the inner world of Jeong Jiyong, reflected through his essays, in which the voices inside and outside texts are identified, when we interpret the essays.

선별검사 목적으로 시행된 관상동맥 CT의 석회수치에 따른 임상경과 관찰

정인현 ( In Hyun Jung ),김정순 ( Jeong Soon Kim ),남효정 ( Hyo Jung Nam ),김희성 ( Hee Sung Kim ),김홍규 ( Hong Kyu Kim ),박덕우 ( Duk Woo Park ),이승환 ( Seung Whan Lee ),김영학 ( Young Hak Kim ),이철환 ( Cheol Whan Lee ),김재중 대한내과학회 2010 대한내과학회지 Vol.78 No.4

목적: 최근 많은 연구에서 MDCT가 관상동맥 질환을 진단하는데 있어서 비교적 민감도와 특이도가 우수하고, 높은 음성예측도를 가진 검사로 보고되고 있다. 그러나 무증상 환자군에서 MDCT상 유의한 협착이 보일 때 어떤 환자군에서 경피적 관동맥 성형술이나 관동맥 우회로 수술을 받는가에 대한 임상경과를 관찰한 연구는 아직 없다. 이에 저자들은 선별 검사 목적으로 MDCT를 시행한 무증상 환자의 관상동맥 석회수치에 따른 임상경과를 보고자 하였으며, 선별 검사 목적의 MDCT의 무분별한 사용을 줄이기 위해 NCEP-ATP III 지침에 따라 10년 관상동맥 질환 위험도를 구분한 각 집단 중 어떤 집단에서 MDCT상 유의한 협착이 많이 관찰되는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 건강검진을 목적으로 서울아산병원 건강증진센터에 방문한 845명의 의무기록과 MDCT를 후향적으로 분석하였다. MDCT상 유의한 협착은 관상동맥 내경이 50% 이상 좁아진 경우로 정의하였고, 관상동맥 질환 위험도는 NCEP-ATP III 지침에 의해 계산된 10-year risk assessment tool(http://hp2010.nhlbihin.net/atp3/riskcalc.htm)을 사용하였다. 침습적 관상동맥 조영술은 심근부하 검사가 양성이거나 심근부하 검사가 음성이라도 MDCT상 주관상동맥의 근위부에 유의한 병변이 있을 때 시행하였고, 관상동맥 재개통술 여부는 관상동맥 조영술 후 주치의의 판단에 의해 결정되었다. 결과: 총 332명(39.3%)에서 동맥경화반이 관찰되었으며 이들 가운데 60명(7.1%)은 관상동맥의 유의한 협착을 보였다. MDCT상 유의한 협착을 갖는 환자의 유병률은 NCEP-ATP III 지침에 따른 위험도에 따라 구분하였을 때, 10년 심혈관계 합병증의 위험도가 10% 이상인 군에서 의미있게 높았다. 유의한 협착을 보인 환자들 중 28명이 관상동맥 조영검사를 받았으며, 17명은 경피적 관동맥 성형술을 받았고, 3명은 관상동맥 우회로 수술을 받았다. ROC 곡선을 이용하여 MDCT상 유의한 협착을 가진 환자에서 관상동맥 재개통술(revascularization)을 시행받은 환자에 대한 CACS의 cutoff 값은 111.0 (AUC=0.87, 95% confidence interval; 0.76~0.97, sensitivity 80.0%, specificity 92.1%)이었다. 결론: 현재 선별 검사 목적의 MDCT 시행에 대하여 논란의 여지가 많은 상황에서 NCEP-ATP III 지침에 따른 위험도가 10% 미만인 군에 대하여는 관상동맥 질환에 대한 선별검사 목적으로 MDCT를 사용하는 것은 가급적 제한하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 선별 검사 목적으로 시행된 MDCT상 유의한 협착이 관찰되고 CACS가 110 이상일 경우 경피적 관동맥 성형술이나 관상동맥 우회수술과 같은 관상동맥 재개통술을 받게 될 가능성이 의미있게 높았다. Background/Aims: In general, multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is not recommended as a screening tool for asymptomatic individuals. However, the programs for general health evaluation at several hospitals in Korea include MDCT to detect cardiac disease. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the clinical outcomes of asymptomatic individuals according to the coronary artery calcium score (CACS) obtained from screening MDCT and to assess the eligibility of risk stratification in the NCEP-ATP III guidelines for predicting a significant stenosis on MDCT. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 845 asymptomatic subjects (age 53±9 years, 67% men) who underwent MDCT as part of a general health evaluation at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, from January to December 2008. Results: Atherosclerotic plaques were identified in 332 (39.3%) subjects. Sixty (7.1%) individuals had significant stenosis (≥50% diameter stenosis). The prevalence of significant stenosis was higher in the group that had more than a 10% risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) at 10 years (p<0.05). Among the patients with occult coronary artery disease (CAD), 28 received coronary angiography, which resulted in 20 revascularizations (17 percutaneous interventions and three bypass surgeries) and eight medical treatments. In patients with significant narrowing, the CACS cutoff value for predicting coronary revascularization was 111.0 (AUC=0.87, 95% confidence interval; 0.76~0.97; sensitivity 80.0%, specificity 92.1%). Conclusions: According to the NCEP-ATP III guidelines, the prevalence of occult CAD on MDCT was significantly higher in the group with a 10% or higher risk for CHD at 10 years. A CACS≥110 was associated with a significantly higher rate of coronary revascularization in asymptomatic patients with significant stenosis on MDCT. (Korean J Med 78:466-476, 2010)

박리성 올가미로 지혈한 대장의 거대 용종양 동정맥기형 1예

지정선 ( Jeong Seon Ji ),이보인 ( Bo In Lee ),김병욱 ( Byung Wook Kim ),최황 ( Hwang Choi ),조세현 ( Se Hyun Cho ),최규용 ( Kyu Yong Choi ),정우철 ( Woo Chul Chung ),이강문 ( Kang Moon Lee ),채현석 ( Hyun Suk Chae ),정인식 ( In S 대한장연구학회 2004 Intestinal Research Vol.2 No.1

Arteriovenous malformation is well known cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in elderly patients. This is relatively uncommon in people younger than 50 years of age. Endoscopically, it generally appears as bright red flat or elevated bright red lesion. A polypoid appearance is extremely uncommon. We report a case of large polypoid arteriovenous malformation of colon in 81-year-old male patient. He has complained of hematochezia for 4 days. During colonoscopy, a 3.5 cm sized semipedunculated polypoid mass in the proximal transverse colon was detected. For prevention of bleeding, detachable snare was applied and biopsy was done. 3 days later, follow up colonoscopy was done. There was no hemorrhege. We performed endoscopic mucosal resection. Polypoid arteriovenous malformation of colon was comfirmed by microscopic findings. Histologically, section of excised polyp shows ulceration, hemorrhage and the dilated, irregularly thick walled blood vessels in the mucosa and submucosa.

Fluoxetine과 알코올 중독환자 치료 프로그램의 병합 치료가 음주 욕구에 미치는 영향

박정래(Jeong-Rae Park),이상익(Sang-Ick Lee),정인원(In-Won Chung) 한국중독정신의학회 1998 중독정신의학 Vol.2 No.1

longterm period abstinence. One of main relapsing factors is alcohol craving. This study is to investigate the efficacy of combination therapy with fluoxetine and psychosocial treatment(Alcoholics Treatment Program) on alcohol craving. The subjects were twenty male alcoholics recovered from acute alcohol intoxication and withdrawal symptoms. They were randomly assigned to combined treatment group or psychosocial treatment group. Each group consists of 10 patients, and received psychosocial treatment program for four weeks. The patients in combined treatment group were administered fluoxetine with fixed dose 60 mg/day and the patients in psychosocial treatment group were administered placebo for four weeks. Alcohol craving was measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Verbal Rating Scalem (VRS) and the amount of alcohol intake at the baseline, first week, second week and fourth week during the treatment. Mood status also measured by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) at the same time. In combined treatment group, the changes in alcohol craving measured by VAS and VRS was significantly reduced at the second and fourth week, however, depressed mood was different only at fourth week in comparison with psychosocial treatment group. No differences were noted in alcohol craving measured by amount of alcohol intake between two groups. These results show that adjunctive administration of fluoxetine to psychosocial treatment more rapidly reduced alcohol craving than psychosocial treatment only and the effects was not due to improvement of depression. Thus, the combination therapy may be an effective treatment strategy for prevention of relapse in alcoholics.

반려동물 사별에 따른 지속비애 예방을 위한 서비스 디자인 제안

이해인(Lee, Hae in),김정녕(Kim, Jeong nyeong),이지혜(Lee, Ji hye),문정인(Moon, Jeong in),이연준(Lee, Youn joon) 한국디자인문화학회 2023 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.29 No.4

반려동물 양육 가구가 증가하며, 반려동물 양육 시 필연적으로 마주하는 사별 준비에 대한 필요성이 대두되고 있지만 이를 지원하는 서비스는 미비하다. 이에 본 연구는 사별 전부터의 체계적 준비를 통해 반려인의 적절한 애도 과정을 돕고, 반려인이 경험하는 지속비애를 예방하기 위한 서비스를 제안하고자 한다. 본 서비스는 문헌연구를 통해 애도와 지속비애에 대한 이해를 높이고, 지속비애 영향 요인으로 사별 예측, 사회적지지, 추모 및 애도의 여부가 존재함을 파악했다. 이후 실제 반려동물과 사별한 반려인 대상의 심층 인터뷰를 통해 지속비애 영향 요인을 구체화하고 기능을 개발하였다. 7명의 대상자와 인터뷰를 통해 사별 경험을 단계별로 분석하고 주요 니즈를 파악했으며, 사별 전 노력 부족의 죄책감 및 아쉬움, 사별 전후의 트라우마성 기억, 적절한 애도 과정의 부재를 지속비애 유발 요인으로 발굴했다. 인터뷰 분석 결과를 토대로 핵심 기능을 사별 전 ‘반려동물과 교감하는 활동하기’ 및 ‘반려동물과의 일상 기록하기’, 사별 후 ‘반려동물과의 추억 상기하기’ 및 ‘사별 후 반려동물에게 편지쓰기’로 제안하였다. 마지막으로 반려인 대상설문을 통해 서비스 콘셉트의 흥미도와 기능의 적절성을 검증하여 서비스의 실현 가능성을 확인했다. 본 연구는 반려인의 반려동물과의 사별 전후 경험을 연계하여, 사별을 체계적으로 준비함으로써 사별을 겪은 반려인이 적절한 애도 과정을 거치고 지속비애를 예방하도록 지원하는 데 의의가 있다. As the number of households raising pets continues to increase, the need for bereavement preparation, which inevitably comes with pet ownership, has emerged. However, there is a lack of services to support this need. Therefore, this study aims to propose a service that assists pet owners in their proper mourning process through systematic bereavement preparation and prevents the experience of prolonged grief. Through literature research, the characteristics of the grieving process, prolonged grief, and the factors influencing prolonged grief when a pet is lost were analyzed. In-depth interviews were conducted with individuals who have experienced the loss of a pet to analyze the stages of grief and identify their main needs. Based on the analysis of these interviews, service concepts and core features were derived, proposing four key functionalities: ‘Recording daily life with your pet’, ‘Engaging in interactive activities with your pet’, ‘Recalling memories with your pet’, and ‘Writing a letter to your pet’. The service concept and core functions were validated through feedback from pet owners, confirming the necessity of the service and identifying areas for improvement. This study is significant in its integration of the pre- and post-grief experiences of pet owners, providing systematic bereavement preparation to facilitate an appropriate mourning process and prevent prolonged grief. Building on the direction of the study to offer a more fundamental solution to the loss and prolonged grief experienced by pet owners after the loss of a pet, we hope for the continued development of diverse services in the future.

체외수정 및 배아이식술후 임신과 자연 임신된 임신부에서 임신중기 삼중표지물질 검사결과의 비교분석

이정렬(Jeong Lyol Lee),이영심(Young Sim Lee),이상학(Sang Hag Lee),최중호(Jung Ho Choi),정인배(In Bai Chung),이영진(Young Jin Lee) 대한산부인과학회 2001 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.44 No.9

N/A Objective : To compare and analysis the result of second trimester maternal serum triple marker screening test for Down syndrome and open neural tube defects in singleton pregnancies conceived by conventional in vitro fertilization- embryo transfer (IVF-ET) with that of the naturally conceived pregnancies. Methods : Maternal serum screening tests during the second trimester in 49 singleton pregnancies conceived by IVF-ET and 813 singleton pregnancies conceived naturally of whom delivery outcome was normal in each other were analyzed from April 1997 to June 2000. Results : 4 (8.2%) out of 49 cases of IVF-ET singleton pregnancies compared with 62 (7.6%) out of 813 cases of naturally conceived pregnancies had a positive results for Down syndrome or open neural tube defects. The median level of the triple markers were 1.03 0.47 multiples of the median (MoM) in IVF-ET pregnancies vs 1.05±0.39 MoM in natural pregnancies for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), 1.11±0.64 vs 1.19±1.13 MoM for unconjugated estriol (uE3) and 1.21±0.56 vs 1.11±0.59 MoM for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Conclusion : The positive rate of triple test and the median values of triple markers for Down syndrome and open neural tube defect between two groups were not different in terms of statistical significance. To provide an objective assessment of an individual patient's risk of fetal abnormality, the impact of IVF-ET on triple marker biochemistry should be studied further in larger samples and adjustments made if appropriate.

위암화과정에서 Helicobacter pylori 감염이 위점막 세포 역동학과 아포토시스 관련 단백질 발현에 미치는 영향

이강문 ( Lee Gang Mun ),이동수 ( Lee Dong Su ),양진모 ( Yang Jin Mo ),안병민 ( An Byeong Min ),이은희 ( Lee Eun Hui ),유진영 ( Yu Jin Yeong ),김유정 ( Kim Yu Jeong ),정인식 ( Jeong In Sig ),선희식 ( Seon Hui Sig ),박두호 ( Park Du 대한소화기학회 2003 대한소화기학회지 Vol.42 No.1

Background/Aims: We investigated apoptosis, cell proliferation and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in the gastric epithelial cells of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-negative and positive patients. Methods: TUNEL staining, immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67, p53, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and Bax were performed on paraffin-embedded specimens obtained from 11 H. pylori-negative controls, 20 H. pylori-positive chronic gastritis, 10 chronic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia (IM), 11 adenoma, and 7 adenocarcinoma patients. Apoptosis and proliferation were expressed as apoptosis index (AI) and proliferation index (PI). Results: In H. pylori-positive groups, apoptosis and proliferation were increased compared with controls. However, an AI/PI ratio was highest in chronic gastritis cases and then gradually reduced according to the progress from IM to cancer. p53 was expressed in 28.6% of adenocarcinoma cases. Expression of Bax was significantly increased in chronic gastritis and IM patients compared with controls. Conclusions: H. pylori infection induces marked increase in apoptosis and proliferation of gastric mucosa. In the premalignant lesions, the balance between apoptosis and proliferation is altered, and this imbalance may play a key role in the gastric carcinogenesis. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2003;42:12-19)