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최홍실,이은섭(LEE EUN-SUP) 법무부 국제법무정책과 2006 통상법률 Vol.- No.72
With the deepening globalization of world economy and trade, the relationship between trade and environment has attracted world wide attention in recent years. Harmonization of trade and environment has been found urgent and important by the governments all over the world. After having entered into the WTO, Chinese products designed to enter into the international market, shall meet the requirements of trade-related environmental measures under the WTO provisions as well as importing countries' domestic regulations. Considering the gradual environmental aggravation and the growing trade dispute with the trade partner countries in china, it is required to harmonize the trade-related environmental measures with the principle of free trade under the WTO as soon as possible. The fact that unresolved environmental problems can use up all the profits from the trade liberalization in China urges them to build the system to impose timely and efficiently trade measures related to environment. This article examines the Chinese trade-related environmental measures under the WTO mechanism and suggests the more efficient operation of trade-related environmental measures in China for the harmonization with the free trade principle of WTO.
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이은섭;최홍실 법무부 2006 통상법률 Vol.- No.72
경제글로벌화와 자유무역의 확대는 무역과 환경문제를 국제사회의 주요이슈로 등장시켰으며 무역과 환경을 어떻게 조화할 것인가는 오늘날 중국을 비롯한 각 국 정부가 직면한 심각한 과제로 부각되었다. 중국은 WTO가입 후, 국제시장 진입과정에서 국제사회의 무역관련 환경규제조치의 광범위한 적용을 받고 있어, 이에 대한 적절한 정책적 대응은 중국의 대외무역의 발전을 위한 필수조건으로서 중국정부와 기업이 직면한 절박한 과제이다. 본 논문은 먼저 무역관련 환경규제조치의 이론적 분석을 그 생성원인, 특징, 유형 등을 중심으로 다룬 다음 중국의 현행 환경세, 환경라벨제도, 강제인증제도, 동식물위생검역제도, 기술규제 등 무역관련 환경규제조치의 현황을 검토하여 그 문제점을 찾아낸 다음 마지막으로 WTO체제하에서 적합한 중국의 무역관련 환경규제조치의 개선방향을 제시하고 있다. 본 논문은 중국이 객관적이고 공정한 입장에서 무역관련 환경규제조치를 입안․시행하고 WTO 관련 규정을 합목적적으로 반영시킴과 동시에 적극적으로 관련 국제법제정에 참여하고 무역환경분쟁 발생 시에는 가능한 한 WTO분쟁해결기구의 이용이 바람직함을 제시하고 있다. With the deepening globalization of world economy and trade, the relationship between trade and environment has attracted world wide attention in recent years. Harmonization of trade and environment has been found urgent and important by the governments all over the world. After having entered into the WTO, Chinese products designed to enter into the international market, shall meet the requirements of trade-related environmental measures under the WTO provisions as well as importing countries' domestic regulations. Considering the gradual environmental aggravation and the growing trade dispute with the trade partner countries in china, it is required to harmonize the trade-related environmental measures with the principle of free trade under the WTO as soon as possible. The fact that unresolved environmental problems can use up all the profits from the trade liberalization in China urges them to build the system to impose timely and efficiently trade measures related to environment. This article examines the Chinese trade-related environmental measures under the WTO mechanism and suggests the more efficient operation of trade-related environmental measures in China for the harmonization with the free trade principle of WTO.
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이은섭;최홍실 법무부 2007 통상법률 Vol.- No.74
1970년대 말부터 본격적으로 발전된 중국의 환경규제법제는 중국의 자연보호 및 생태환경보호에 많은 공헌을 하여온 것으로 평가된다. 그러나 중국의 환경규제법제는 아직까지 초보적인 단계에 머물러 있어 중국의 경제발전 및 환경보호 수요를 충족시킬 수 없으며, 특히 입법상의 문제점 이외에도 규제규범들간 상호 불일치되거나 조화를 이루지 못하고 환경행정관리에 있어서는 주무기관들의 자의적인 시행이나 불분명한 책임 분담 등의 문제점을 안고 있다. 또한 관련 법률상의 모호함과 그에 따른 법해석에 있어서의 자의성, 법 시행과정에 있어서 중앙정부와 지방정부와의 갈등 등은 환경보호규제법의 효율적인 시행을 어렵게 하고 있다. WTO회원국으로서의 중국은 환경법제의 제정․시행․공고 등의 모든 측면에서 투명성의 원칙이나 사법심사의 원칙 등을 포함하는 WTO의 규정이나 원칙에 부합되도록 적극적인 개정이 필요한 것으로 보인다. Since the late Chinese government has been expanding its modern environmental law system in 1970s, the country has made great strides in establishing and developing a critical legal "infrastructure" for environmental protection: it includes statutory and regulatory provisions to address major environmental issues, and administrative institutions to enforce and monitor compliance with environmental regulations. China's efforts to build a comprehensive environmental legal regime, however, are still at a nascent stage: the statutory gaps exist in some domains that have resulted in a lack of national-level standards with respect to particular activities critical to environmental protection, even within areas of environmental law having been addressed by statutes and underlying implementing regulation, such requirements are sometimes ambiguous, generalized, or inconsistent with provisions set forth in other related laws. The Chinese government as the member of the WTO should endeavour to maintain the transparent and specific provisioned for the sustainable development and strengthen the enforceability of such provisioned requirements.
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이은섭(LEE EUN-SUP),최홍실 법무부 국제법무정책과 2007 통상법률 Vol.- No.74
Since the late Chinese government has been expanding its modern environmental law system in 1970s, the country has made great strides in establishing and developing a critical legal infrastructure for environmental protection: it includes statutory and regulatory provisions to address major environmental issues, and administrative institutions to enforce and monitor compliance with environmental regulations. China’s efforts to build a comprehensive environmental legal regime, however, are still at a nascent stage: the statutory gaps exist in some domains that have resulted in a lack of national-level standards with respect to particular activities critical to environmental protection; even within areas of environmental law having been addressed by statutes and underlying implementing regulation, such requirements are sometimes ambiguous, generalized, or inconsistent with provisions set forth in other related laws. The Chinese government as the member of the WTO should endeavour to maintain the transparent and specific provisioned for the sustainable development and strengthen the enforceability of such provisioned requirements.
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