검정콩 유전자원의 생육기별 안토시아닌 함량 분포

이주영,황인택,최병렬,이은섭,김용호 한국작물학회 2015 한국작물학회지 Vol.60 No.3

검정콩 안토시아닌 고함유 유전자원 선발을 위해 총 1,032 점의 유전자원을 개화기, 수확기, 등숙일수에 따른 안토시아닌 함량을 분석하였다. 수집된 유전자원의 총 안토시아닌함량은 평균 11.67 mg/g이었고 범위는 0.54~23.45 mg/g으로 나타났다. 종류별로는 C3G가 평균 8.81 mg/g으로 비중이 가장 컸으며 그 다음이 D3G가 평균 1.78 mg/g이었고Pt3G가 평균 0.79 mg/g으로 가장 적었다. 총 안토시아닌 함량별 검정콩 유전자원 분포는 10~15 mg/g 범위가 371점으로 가장 많았고 20 mg/g이상인 유전자원은 30점이었다. 생식생장기 동안 생육시기에 따른 안토시아닌 함량은 개화기와 수확기가 늦어질수록 높아지는 경향이었다. 따라서 등숙일수가 길수록 검정콩의 안토시아닌 함량은 높아진다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이밖에도 종실중이 큰 대립종이 소립종에비해 안토시아닌 함량이 높은 경향이었다 There has been known C3G (Cyanidin-3- Glucoside), D3G (Delphinidin-3-Glucoside), and Pt3G (Petunidin- 3-Glucoside) were main anthocyanin pigments in black-seeded soybean. Anthocyanin contents of total 1,032 black-seeded soybean germplasms were analyzed by HPLC. Average of total anthocyanin content was 11.67 mg/g on the all materials ranged from 0.54 to 23.45 mg/g. Mean value of C3G, D3G, and Pt3G contents in all black-seeded soybeans were 8.81, 1.78 and 0.79 mg/g, respectively. Environmental conditions influenced anthocyanin contents during seed development. Delayed flowering, especially of later maturing germplasms, has been showed to result in increased anthocyanin content. So, prolonged maturation period germplasm is generally higher than that of shorten genotypes. It may be concluded that the higher levels of anthocyanin content was associated with the late dates of harvest maturity. Also larger seeds showed high anthocyanin contents than smaller. That inclination is similar in C3G’s occasion because C3G content contribute highly to total anthocyanin content than other pigments. Keywords : black-seeded soybean, anthocyanin, flowering date, maturing date, maturation period

SPS협정상 사전예방원칙의 적용가능성

이은섭;이주영 법무부 2007 통상법률 Vol.- No.76

현재 WTO 체제하에서 가장 중요한 현안으로 떠오르고 있는 문제들 중 하나가 자유무역을 위한 WTO 규정과 환경보호목적의 조치 간에 적절한 균형을 유지하는 것이다. 이와 관련한 논의 중, 회원국들이 환경보호목적의 사전예방적 조치를 취하는데 대한 WTO의 엄격한 제한에서 야기되는 갈등을 들 수 있다. SPS협정과 국제환경협정인 카르타헤나의정서에서의 사전예방원칙은 그 적용범위에 차이가 존재한다. 특히, 환경목적의 적극적인 무역규제를 의도하는 의정서와 환경 목적의 무역규제를 제한하려는 SPS 협정간 사전예방원칙의 적용에서 상충이 발생한다. 만일 사전예방원칙이 국제관습법화 되는 경우, 이러한 상충문제가 심각해질 수 있다. 이러한 상충문제에 대한 적절한 해결방안으로서 SPS협정에 특유한 심사기준의 확립문제를 살펴보았다. 항소기구는 세이프가드협정 관련 사건에서 객관적 평가를 이용한 심사기준의 확립기반을 마련한 바 있으나, 절차문제에 치중하는 세이프가드협정상의 객관적 평가기준을 실체적인 부분에 초점을 맞추는 SPS협정상의 평가기준으로 활용하는 것은 불가능하다. 따라서 SPS조치를 판단하기 위한 적절한 심사기준을 별도로 마련할 필요가 있다. 이를 위한 접근방법으로 "합리적 규제자" 기준을 적용할 수 있으며, 이들 합리적 규제자가 제소된 조치에 대하여 과학적 근거가 존재한다고 결론 내린다면 패널은 이를 무시할 수 없다는 것이다. 이러한 SPS협정에서의 심사기준의 확립은 사전예방원칙과 관련된 상충과 분쟁을 해결하는데 일조할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. One of the persistent problems under the WTO is to secure an appropriate balance between trade rules and environmental protection measures. There has been particularly the tension arising from the constraints that WTO law places upon Members who wish to take a precautionary approach to environmental protection. There is a discrepancy in the scope of the application between SPS Agreement and the international environmental agreements including Cartagena Protocol. Therefore, conflicts have occured between the Protocol focusing on trade restrictions for environment and the SPS Agreement focusing on regulation of the trade restriction for environment. This paper discusses the establishment of the standard of review applicable to the SPS Agreement focusing on harmonizing the potential precautionary principle as the customary international law with the SPS provisions, and suggests the "reasonable regulator" standard as the proper one specific to the SPS Agreement. The "reasonable regulator" standard means that if a reasonable regulator might conclude that there is a scientific basis for an impugned measure, then the panel should not overturn it. This "reasonable regulator" standard at least has the basic virtue of being a standard of review in the sense that it sets a ceiling on how intrusive review should be.

검정콩 유전자원의 생육기별 안토시아닌 함량 분포

이주영,황인택,최병렬,이은섭,김용호 한국작물학회 2015 한국작물학회지 Vol.60 No.3

There has been known C3G (Cyanidin-3- Glucoside), D3G (Delphinidin-3-Glucoside), and Pt3G (Petunidin- 3-Glucoside) were main anthocyanin pigments in black-seeded soybean. Anthocyanin contents of total 1,032 black-seeded soybean germplasms were analyzed by HPLC. Average of total anthocyanin content was 11.67 mg/g on the all materials ranged from 0.54 to 23.45 mg/g. Mean value of C3G, D3G, and Pt3G contents in all black-seeded soybeans were 8.81, 1.78 and 0.79 mg/g, respectively. Environmental conditions influenced anthocyanin contents during seed development. Delayed flowering, especially of later maturing germplasms, has been showed to result in increased anthocyanin content. So, prolonged maturation period germplasm is generally higher than that of shorten genotypes. It may be concluded that the higher levels of anthocyanin content was associated with the late dates of harvest maturity. Also larger seeds showed high anthocyanin contents than smaller. That inclination is similar in C3G’s occasion because C3G content contribute highly to total anthocyanin content than other pigments.

유전자형과 재배환경에 따른 검정콩 안토시아닌 함량변이

황인택,이주영,최병렬,이은섭,김용호 한국작물학회 2014 한국작물학회지 Vol.59 No.4

검정콩 함유 안토시아닌 함량의 환경 변이 특성을 구명하 고자 검정콩의 재배 지역과 파종기를 달리하며 안토시아닌 함량을 분석한 결과 안토시아닌 함량은 지역, 품종 및 파종 기 모두에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 품종별로는 일품 검정콩의 평균 안토시아닌 함량이 11.58 mg/g으로 제일 높 았으며, 지역에서는 연천에서 재배한 품종들의 평균 함량이 9.85 mg/g으로 제일 높았다. 파종기에서는 6월 15일 파종 이 9.00 mg/g, 5월 30일 8.36 mg/g, 5월 15일 8.24 mg/g으 로 나타나 만식재배가 안토시아닌 함량 제고에 유리할 것으 로 판단되었다. 검정콩 안토시아닌의 색도와 안토시아닌 함 량과의 상관을 분석한 결과 L (명도)과 b (적색도)값은 안토 시아닌 개별색소 및 총 안토시아닌 함량과 고도의 부의 상 관을 보인 반면, a (적색도)값은 고도의 정의 상관을 나타내 었다. 검정콩 안토시아닌 함량과 기상요인의 관계를 분석한 결과, 일품검정콩과 청자콩은 평균기온 및 적산온도와 부의 상관, 평균일교차와는 정의 상관을 보였다. 따라서 안토시 아닌 고함유 검정콩 생산을 위해서는 등숙기간 중 평균기온 이 낮고 일교차가 큰 지역에서 생산하는 것이 유리할 것으 로 판단되었다. Variation of anthocyanin contents were analyzed by different growing environments, three locations over three years with 3 black colored soybeans. Anthocyanin contents were different according to growing location, genotypes and planting time, so it can be concluded that anthocyanin content was effected by environmental and genetic variation. Planting date seemed to have a much greater influence on anthocyanin content than cultivar and location. Among different planting dates, anthocyanin contents increased in the seeds planted on June 15 rather than did May 30 and May 15. Compared with 3 cultivars and 3 locations, Ilpumgeomjungkong and Yeonchun had higher contents such as 11.58 mg/ and 9.85 mg/g, respectively. The correlations between color index and anthocyanin content were analyzed by Hunter’value. L (lightness) and b (yellowness) values were correlated negatively with D3G, C3G, Pt3G and total anthocyanin content while a (redness) value was correlated positively. The correlations between meteorological factors and anthocyanin content were analyzed. Anthocyanin content was correlated negatively with mean temperature and accumulated temperature whereas mean daily temperature difference showed positive correlation. We could conclude that the area in which mean temperature was low and daily temperature difference was high is good for attempts to improve black soybean seed quality by the increase of anthocyanin contents.

SPS협정상 사전예방원칙의 적용가능성

이은섭(LEE EUN-SUP),이주영 법무부 국제법무정책과 2007 통상법률 Vol.- No.76

One of the persistent problems under the WTO is to secure an appropriate balance between trade rules and environmental protection measures. There has been particularly the tension arising from the constraints that WTO law places upon Members who wish to take a precautionary approach to environmental protection. There is a discrepancy in the scope of the application between SPS Agreement and the international environmental agreements including Cartagena Protocol. Therefore, conflicts have occured between the Protocol focusing on trade restrictions for environment and the SPS Agreement focusing on regulation of the trade restriction for environment.This paper discusses the establishment of the standard of review applicable to the SPS Agreement focusing on harmonizing the potential precautionary principle as the customary international law with the SPS provisions, and suggests the “reasonable regulator” standard as the proper one specific to the SPS Agreement. The “reasonable regulator” standard means that if a reasonable regulator might conclude that there is a scientific basis for an impugned measure, then the panel should not overturn it. This “reasonable regulator” standard at least has the basic virtue of being a standard of review in the sense that it sets a ceiling on how intrusive review should be.

합리적 규제자 기준의 확립을 통한 무역과 위생검역조치의 조화 : US-Hormones Suspension 사건을 중심으로

이주영(Ju-Young Lee),이은섭(Eun-Sup Lee) 한국통상정보학회 2011 통상정보연구 Vol.13 No.3

환경 관련 문제에 대한 관심이 고조됨에 따라, 국민의 건강 및 생명 보호를 위한 각국의 SPS조치는 국가 간 자유무역이라는 WTO의 주요원칙에 역행하는 규제적인 무역관행을 낳고 있다. 그러나 분쟁발생 시 패널이 회원국의 조치를 심사하는데 필요한 심사기준과 관련된 규정은 SPS협정에 존재하지 않는다. 뿐만 아니라 과학적 실험, 데이터 등과 밀접한 관련이 있는 협정의 특성으로 인하여, 본 협정에 적합한 심사기준에 대해서는 상반된 의견들이 대립하고 있으며 실제 분쟁사례에서도 일관된 기준이 적용되고 있지 못하다. 국가차원에서 결론 내려진 사실적, 법적 판단을 패널이 심사할 때 적용하는 심사기준은, 당국의 결정을 패널이 존중하는 정도에 따라 '적극적 개입(de novo review) 기준'과 '존중(deference) 기준'이라는 두 가지의 대립적인 기준으로 나누어질 수 있다. 이 두 가지 대립적인 기준을 중심으로, 본 논문에서는 WTO협정에서 규정하고 있는 심사기준을 검토하고 SPS협정에 적합하게 적용할 수 있는 심사기준을 모색하고자 한다. 그리고 최근 US-Hormones Suspension 사건 판결에서 적용한 심사기준을 분석하여 SPS협정에 적용 가능한 심사기준이 어떠한 방향으로 정립되고 있는지 살펴보고자 한다. The environmental issues including domestic measures to protect public life or health are generally easy to bring the tension between the WTO and its member countries. The standard of review, whether de novo review, total deference, or somewhere in between, is largely important in the WTO's adjudicating mechanism because it is closely related to the appropriate balance of power between sovereign nations and the WTO: The multilateral trading regime, through the proper standard of review, could harmoniously operated without interest conflicts among the member countries and at the same time between the WTO and the member countries. Irrespective the important function of the standard of review in the WTO judicial system, applicable standard of review has not been established in the current SPS Agreement. Furthermore, the nature of the SPS Agreement related in scientific factors, such as scientific experiment, data and assessment prevents the WTO's panel from applying consistent standard of review. Considering the judicial demand for the moderate treatment of the case under the SPS Agreement, this paper explores appropriate standard of review applicable the SPS-related environmental measures, particularly, by analysing the recent SPS-related dispute, US-Hormones Suspension.

SPS협정상의 구체적 의무조항을 활용한 통상관련 환경보호조치의 적법성 확보 : GATT제20조 예외조항과의 비교를 중심으로

이은섭 ( Eun Sup Lee ),이주영 ( Ju Young Lee ) 韓國環境法學會 2007 環境法 硏究 Vol.29 No.3

SPS 분쟁 해결에 적용 가능한 심사기준의 정립 가능성

이주영(Ju-Young Lee),이은섭(Eun-Sup Lee),오병석(Byung-Seok Ok),김선옥(Sun-Ok Kim),이양기(Yang-Kee Lee),박원형(Won-Hyung Park) 한국무역연구원 2013 무역연구 Vol.9 No.6

The problem of the applicable standard of review in sanitary and phytosanitary(SPS) disputes has recently become an important issue in the legal discussion. The standard of review may vary from de novo review to full deference. Under de novo review, a superior body is able to review all kinds of determinations made by an inferior body and substitute them with its own. A fully deferencial standard restricts reviewing powers of a superior body, which may only check the procedural compliance without interfering with the substantive determinations of lower body. On the international lever, the standard of review plays a similar function. It determines, alongside the substantive obligations, a distribution of powers between national governments and international bodies. Arising necessity of consistent standard of review since referring of 'standard of review' in EC-Hom10nes case, this paper will review provisions at issue in SPS disputes and then, examine tendency of standard of review which gradually changes. Finally, this paper will explore applicability of single standard of review through examining Australia-Apples, the latest SPS dispute.

유전자형과 재배환경에 따른 검정콩 안토시아닌 함량변이

황인택,김용호,이주영,최병렬,이은섭 한국작물학회 2014 한국작물학회지 Vol.59 No.4

Variation of anthocyanin contents were analyzedby different growing environments, three locations over threeyears with 3 black colored soybeans. Anthocyanin contentswere different according to growing location, genotypes andplanting time, so it can be concluded that anthocyanin contentwas effected by environmental and genetic variation. Plantingdate seemed to have a much greater influence on anthocyanincontent than cultivar and location. Among different plantingdates, anthocyanin contents increased in the seeds plantedon June 15 rather than did May 30 and May 15. Comparedwith 3 cultivars and 3 locations, Ilpumgeomjungkong andYeonchun had higher contents such as 11.58 mg/ and 9.85mg/g, respectively. The correlations between color indexand anthocyanin content were analyzed by Hunter’value. L(lightness) and b (yellowness) values were correlated negativelywith D3G, C3G, Pt3G and total anthocyanin content whilea (redness) value was correlated positively. The correlationsbetween meteorological factors and anthocyanin content wereanalyzed. Anthocyanin content was correlated negatively withmean temperature and accumulated temperature whereas meandaily temperature difference showed positive correlation. Wecould conclude that the area in which mean temperaturewas low and daily temperature difference was high is goodfor attempts to improve black soybean seed quality by theincrease of anthocyanin contents