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이유철,설성용,조동택,전도기,Lee, Yoo-Chul,Seol, Sung-Yong,Cho, Dong-Taek,Chun, Do-Ki 대한미생물학회 1987 大韓微生物學會誌 Vol.22 No.1
Multiply resistant Shigella strains isolated in Taegu area were subjected for the characterization of R plasmids. All strains isolated in 1984 and 1985 were susceptible to gentamicin, amikacin, and cephalothin, and most strains were susceptible to kanamycin (Km) and rifampin by agar dilution antimicrobial susceptibility test. The resistance frequency of S. flexneri against ampicillin (Ap) was higher than that of S. sonnei. The strains resistant to sulfisomidine (Su) and trimethoprim (Tp) were found at higher frequency in S. sonnei than in S. flexneri. The most prevalent resistance pattern of S. flexneri was chloramphenicol (Cm) tetracycline (Tc) streptomycin (Sm) Ap, followed by the pattern of CmTcSmSuApTp, CmTcSmSuApTp nalidixic acid, and CmTcSmSuAp in the decreasing order. The antibiogram of CmTcSmSuTp was found to be the most frequent pattern in S. sonnei. The ratio of conjugal transfer of S. flexneri was 47% and 75% of S. sonnei. The average number of plasmid harboring in Shigella was 4 and the size of plasmid ranged 1.3 to 134 megadalton (Mdal). Most S. flexneri carried plasmids of 2 to 3 Mdal and S. sonnei carried those of 3 to 4 Mdal size. The sizes of conjugative plasmids ranged 40-90 Mdal. The incompatibility group (Inc) F II plasmids (54-59 Mdal) were most frequent and rare Inc B plasmids (60 Mdal) of isolates in 1979 and 1980 and Inc FI (87 Mdal) of 1983 isolates were able to be classified by the colony test with standard reference plasmids. The R plasmids of known Inc group were tested for the restriction endonuclease analysis. The pattern of plasmids digested by EcoRl were apparently different by the Inc group but there was no significant difference between species or by the resistance patterns. Nonconjugative plasmids and their phenotypes were identified by transformation test. The transformants were resistant to less than two drugs. Colicin producing transformants carried the Col plasmid of 3.7 or 3.9 Mdal size. $Ap^r$ plasmids derived from S. sonnei were found to be mobilized by transfer factor RT641 to E. coli #CS100. $Ap^r$ plasm ids of same size shared by S. flexneri, S. sonnei, and E. coli were digested with Pstl. All of them showed two restriction fragments of 2.8 kilobase(kb) and 0.7kb. Other plasmids ($Sm^r\;Su^r$) derived from S. flexneri, S. boydii, and S. sonnei were digested with Pstl and they showed same restriction fragment patterns of 3.1kb and 2.9kb. The plasmid profiles of three strains of S. sonnei producing colicin and showing same resistance pattern of CmTcSmSuApTpKm appeared to be similar. Restriction patterns by EcoRl and the behavior of plasmids in conjugation or transformation process were also similar between those plasmids. The restriction patterns were significantly different between the plasmids of Inc FI group and those of unclassified Inc group.
이유철(Yoo Chul Lee),여상희(Sang Hee Yeo),이원기(Won Kee Lee),강덕식(Duk Sik Kang),강이철(Echeol Kang),곽연식(Yun Sik Kwak),김보완(Bo Wan Kim),이종명(Jong Myung Lee),장봉현(Bong Hyun Chang),정제명(Jae Myung Chung),조희중(Hee Jung Cho 한국의학교육학회 2003 Korean journal of medical education Vol.15 No.1
Purpose: Kyungpook National University School of Medicine initiated a pilot project to admit small number of qualified students who received BS degree or above in the field of sciences in 1996. This study was conducted to evaluate effectiveness of the pilot project. Methods: Students academic grades, outcome of their opinion surveys on adaptability to the school life, difficulties and problems from the classes of 1996 to 2001 were analyzed. Results: A total of 57 students were admitted to this program over the past 7-year period, 54.8% of them from natural science major and 36.8% from engineering. Students admitted with BS degree were performing above average in the class by % rank. There was no significant difference in academic performance between the natural science and the engineering major. Of 20 graduated, only one took career in basic medical science (physiology). The students thought undergraduate education was helpful in maturing personal characters than in knowledge or skill attainment. Conclusion: The achievement of medical students admitted after baccalaureate level was comparable to that of students with two years of premedical education.
이유철(Yoo Chul Lee),강덕식(Duk Sik Kang),강이철(Echeol Kang),곽연식(Yun Sik Kwak),김보완(Bo Wan Kim),장봉현(Bong Hyun Chang),조동규(Dong Kyu Cho),조희중(Hee Jung Cho) 한국의학교육학회 2001 Korean journal of medical education Vol.13 No.1
경북대학교 의과대학에서는 1996년 의학과 인정 평가시 지적된 교육과정의 문제점인 강의위주 및 과다한 강의 시간, 자율학습 기회 부족등의 문제점을 보완하고 또한 의학과 교육 목표를 구현하기 위한 새로운 교육과정을 1999학년도부터 도입 운영하고 있다. 새 교육과정의 기본 이념은 환자 중심으로 생각할 수 있는 의료인을 양성하기 위하여 임상실습을 강화하며, 학생 중심으로 자율 학습을 유도하고, 문제 중심 교육을 하며, 강의는 개념정립이 용이하도록 통합 교육을 시행하는 것이다. 전체 학점 및 강의시간수는 180학점 4395시간에서 170학점 4256시간으로 줄였으며, 변화하는 사회적 요구에 부응 할 수 있는 의사를 양성하기 위하여 1, 2학년 과정에 의료와 사회, 환자-의사 관계 강좌를, 문제중심 토의학습(PBL)을 1, 2, 3학년에 각 2학점씩 신설하였다. 사회 여러 방면에서 의료인으로써 활동할 수 있게 유도하기 위하여 4학년 과정에서 실시하던 자율선택 임상현장 실습을 4주로 늘리고 2학점을 배정하였다. 새 교육과정을 원활하게 시행하기 위하여 3개 교실을 신설하였으며, 교육환경을 대폭 개선하고 확충하였다. 그러나 유급생 및 복학생의 학점 취득/인정 문제, 분반 학습 강좌의 평가 및 강좌 진행의 복잡성, 교수 확보 문제와 같이 예상되었던 문제점들 이외에도 오후 강좌에서 나타나는 낮은 출석률 및 강의 집중도, 계획과 다른 강좌의 운용문제, 그리고 일부 통합강좌에서 나타난 강의내용의 실질적 통합문제 등은 해결해야할 과제로 생각된다. The curriculum reform was undertaken at Kyungpook National University School of Medicine (KNUSM) to meet new educational objectives in order to cope with a rapid societal changes anticipated occurring in 21st century. The KNUSM Curriculum Development Committee was charged to formulate a new curriculum, which consisted of enhancement of patient-centered care based clerkship, integrated courses based on organ systems, problem-based learning, and additional teaching on social medicine, medical informatics and biomedical engineering. The philosophy of this curricular reform has been to modify methods of teaching medical students toward self-directed learning and student-centered. This whole concept was a drastic departure from the traditional lecturing. In the new curriculum, total of 180 credit courses, 4395 hours to graduate medical school were reduced to 170 credit courses, 4250 hours. As a part of the social medicine course, a 2 credit-hour course on patient-doctor relationship was taught and two credit-hour PBL tutorials were added to freshman, sophomore and junior years. In order to carry out this education reform, three new departments were inaugurated such as Biomedical Engineering, Medical Informatics and Medical Education. The school facility has also been improved during this preparatory period. The new curriculum has been implemented in 1999 academic year after approximately 4 years of preparatory period and annual faculty workshops have been held to monitor the progress of the reform and improve courses by evaluating impact of the change on both faculty members and students as well. The interim evaluation revealed several issues remained to be resolved. In conclusion, the acceptance of this reform was excellent from both faculty members and students although there have been continuous problem solving and adjustments necessary. The real assessment of the outcome of the reform requires many years to come and there has to be continuous monitoring of the progress and adjustment of curriculum are the pivotal of a success of the sort of education reform.