거대언어모델을 활용한 변증 교육도구 개발 가능성 탐색: 피로주증의 심비양허형 모의환자에 대한 사례구축을 중심으로

이원융,한상윤,이승호 대한한의학방제학회 2024 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.32 No.1

Objective : This study aims to assess the potential of utilizing large language models in pattern identification education by developing a simulated patient with fatigue and dual deficiency of the heart-spleen pattern. Methods : A simulated patient dataset was constructed using the clinical practice examination module provided by the National Institute for Korean Medicine Development. The dataset was divided into patient characteristics, sample questions, and responses, and utilized to design the system, assistant, and user prompts, respectively. A web-based interface was developed using the Django framework and WebSocket. Results : We developed a simulated fatigue patient representing dual deficiency of the heart-spleen pattern through prompt engineering. To make practical tools, we further implemented web-based interfaces for the examinee's and evaluator’s roles. The interface for examinees allows one to examine the simulated patient and provides access to a personalized number for future access. In addition, the interface for evaluators included a page that provided an overview of each examinees’ chat history and evaluation criteria in real-time. Conclusion : This study is the first development of an educational tool integrated with a large language model for pattern identification education, which is expected to be widely applied to Korean medicine education.

불면증에서 산조인의 유무에 따른 약물배오의 경향성 고찰

이원융,정기훈,Lee, Won-Yung,Jeong, Gi-Hoon 대한한의학방제학회 2014 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.22 No.1

Objectives : Zizyphi spinosi Semen is widely used for treating insomnia in korea and other oriental country. This study is analyzing combination tendency of Zizyphi spinosi Semen in herbal formula for treating insomnia. Methods : Herbal formulas for treating insomia were searched in "The Prescription Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine", and checked in each literary source. Then, the herbal formula was divided in two groups : FCZ(The formula group containing Zizyphi spinosi Semen) and FWZ(The formula group without Zizyphi spinosi Semen). FCZ and FWZ were compared by following criteria; i) Prevalence of herbal formula by period ii) Prevalence of medicinal material's effects iii) Prevalence of medicinal material iv) Prevalence of the nature of midicinals v) Prevalence of flavor of medicinals vi) Prevalence of meridian entry. Results : 116 Herbal formula met our criteria, and herbal formulas were divided in two groups : FCZ(n=59), FWZ(n=57). The result of prevalence in FCZ is following; Herbal formula prevalence increased as time passed to the Qing(淸) dynasty. Tonifying and replenishing medicinal(補益藥), tranquillizing medicinal (安神藥), and inducing diuresis to drain dampness medicinal(利水?濕藥) are the three most prevalent types of materia medica. In specifically, Panax ginseng radix(人蔘), Liriopis Tuber(麥門冬), Angelicae Gigantis Radix(當歸), Poria Cocos(茯神), Glycyrrhizae Radix(甘草), Poria cocos(茯神), Polygalae Radix(遠志), Thuja Orientalis L.(柏子仁), Paeonia Japonica(白芍藥), and HgS(?砂) are combined frequently. The most prevalent nature of medicinals were 'warm microwarm(溫 微溫)' and flavor of medicinals was normal(平). Meridian entrys that frequently combined were heart(心), spleen(脾), and liver(肝). Conclusion : We found combination tendency of Zizyphi Semen in herbal formula for treating insomnia.

다계층 상호작용 네트워크 기반 사상처방의 작용 기전과 대상 질환 탐색 연구

이원융,김지환 사상체질의학회 2023 사상체질의학회지 Vol.35 No.4

Objectives The aim of this study is to explore the mechanism of action and target diseases of Sasang constitutional prescriptions using a multiscale interactome approach. Methods The compound and target information of Sasang constitutional prescriptions were retrieved from various databases such as the TM-MC, STITCH, and TTD. Key targets for Sasang constitutional prescriptions were identified by selecting the top 100 targets based on the number of simple paths within the constructed network. Diffusion profiles for Sasang constitutional prescriptions and diseases were calculated based on a biased random walk algorithm. Potential diseases and key mechanisms of Sasang constitutional prescriptions were identified by analyzing diffusion profiles. Results We identified 144 Sasang constitutional prescriptions and their targets, finding 80 herbs with effective biological targets. A cluster analysis based on selecting up to 100 key targets for each prescription revealed a more cohesive grouping of prescriptions according to Sasang constitution. We then predicted potential diseases for 62 Sasang constitutional prescriptions using diffusion profiles calculated on a multiscale interactome. Finally, our analysis of diffusion profiles revealed key targets and biological functions of prescriptions in obesity and diabetes. Conclusions This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a multiscale interactome approach in elucidating the complex mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications of prescriptions in Sasang constitutional medicine.

암치료를 위한 네트워크 기반 접근방식 활용 시스템 수준 연구

이원융,Lee, Won-Yung 대한한의학방제학회 2022 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.30 No.3

Objective : This study aims to investigate the active ingredients and potential mechanisms of the beneficial herb on human cancers such as the liver by employing network pharmacology. Methods : Ingredients and their target information was obtained from various databases such as TM-MC, TTD, and Drugbank. Related protein for liver cancer was retrieved from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and literature. A hypergeometric test and gene set enrichment analysis were conducted to evaluate associations between protein targets of red ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) and liver cancer-related proteins and identify related signaling pathways, respectively. Network proximity was employed to identify active ingredients of red ginseng on liver cancer. Results : A compound-target network of red ginseng was constructed, which consisted of 363 edges between 53 ingredients and 121 protein targets. MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, TGF-beta signaling pathway, and cell cycle pathway was significantly associated with protein targets of red ginseng. Network proximity results indicated that Ginsenoside Rg1, Acetic Acid, Ginsenoside Rh2, 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3, Notoginsenoside R1, Ginsenoside Rk1, 2-Methylfuran, Hexanal, Ginsenoside Rd, Ginsenoside Rh1 could be active ingredients of red ginseng against liver cancer. Conclusion : This study suggests that network-based approaches could be useful to explore potential mechanisms and active ingredients of red ginseng for liver cancer.

소요산의 방론에 대한 고찰

이원융,정기훈,Lee, Won Yung,Jeong, Gi Hoon 대한한의학방제학회 2017 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the interpretation of the Soyo-san(SYS) prescription in order to obtain the evidence for clinical applications. Methods and Result : We interpreted on the SYS-related contents based on 25 classic books, analyzed it according to followed categories ; meaning of name, alteration of herbal composition according to age, usage, origin, physiological and pathological situation of SYS, description of each herbal drug Conclusion : 1. So(逍) mean diminish(消), 遙 mean roll(搖). It reflected feature of SYS, that alleviate depression without impairing vital energy(正氣). 2. SYS was first mentioned in the prescription of peaceful benevolent dispensary(太平惠民和劑局方), its essential application was harminizing liver depression and spleen deficiency(肝鬱脾虛) 3. SYS originated from Sayuk-san. Sayuk-san was appropriate for soothe the liver and regulate the spleen(疏肝理脾), while SYS was suitable for depressed liver and blood deficiency(肝鬱血虛) 4. Most medical literature insisted that application situation of SYS is blood deficiency(血虛), depressed liver(肝鬱), spleen deficiency(脾虛). And there is strong correlation between three factors. 5. Bupleurum falcatum L.(柴胡), Mentha arvensis L.(薄荷) alleviates liver depression as "pungent dissipate-qi uprais (辛散氣升)" nature. Angelica gigas Nakai(當歸), Paeonia lactiflora Pall.(白芍藥) emoliates the liver by nourishing the blood. Atractylodes japonica Koidz. ex Kitam.(白朮), Poria cocos(茯?), Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.(甘草), Zingiber officinale Roscoe(生薑) cultivate the basis as tonifying earth(補土).

한의학 이론 연구를 위한 새로운 방법: 네트워크 약리학을 활용한 약물중심 접근법

이원융(Won Yung Lee),김창업(Chang Eop Kim),이충열(Choong Yeol Lee) 한의병리학회 2021 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.35 No.5

여드름 외용제에 관한 한의학 문헌 고찰

이원융(Won Yung Lee),김동희(Dong Hee Kim) 한의병리학회 2017 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.31 No.3

평위산의 방론에 대한 고찰

최웅식,이원융,정기훈,서영배,Choe, Ung-Sik,Lee, Won-Yung,Jeong, Gi-Hoon,Seo, Young-Bae 대한한의학방제학회 2015 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.23 No.2

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the interpretation of the Pyeongwi-san(PWS) prescription in order to obtain the evidence for clinical applications. Methods and Result : We interpreted on the PWS-related contents based on 15 classic books, analyzed it according to followed categories ; origin, indication and precaution, usage, meaning of name, physiological and pathological situation of PWS, explain about each herbs. Conclusion : 1. PWS was first mentioned in the Bakjebang, its application was enhancing appetite. Application of PWS not only expanded digestive disease, infectious disease, and pain in articular, but also used to toniyfing drug. 2. Generous application method of PWS was ‘Sujunbok(水煎服)’. Pill preparation(丸劑) and decoction with salt(鹽湯劑) were also used 3. "Pyeongwi(平胃)“ in PWS means "flatten the stomach". There are some theory about methodology to "Pyeongwi (平胃)“, one is "drain the pathogen in stomach(敦阜說)”, other is "tonifying stomach's healthy qi(卑監說)“, the other is compromise theory. 4. Most medical literature related application situation of PWS to dampness(濕邪) in stomach. In Gangsulwongobangsunju, there are more detailed explain focused on metal qi(金氣), and fire qi(火氣) 5. Atractylodes japonica Koidz(蒼朮) drys dampness and fortifys the spleen, Magnolia officinalis Rehder(厚朴) eliminates dampness and treats fullness, Citrus reticulata Blanco(陳皮) moves and drains qi, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch(甘草) tonify and harmonize in herbal formula

나복자의 항산화 효과

박선빈,강승호,박광일,이원융 대한한의학방제학회 2023 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.31 No.1

Objectives : Raphani Semen (Raphanus sativus L.) is known for the various beneficial effects in Korean medicine. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Raphani Semen extract (RSE) against arachidonic acid (AA)+iron-induced oxidative stress in cells. Methods : Ingredients, their target information, oxidative stress liver injury-related proteins was obtained from various network pharmacology databases and software. A hypergeometric test and enrichment analysis were conducted to evaluate associations between protein targets of RSE. The cell viability was assessed by MTT assay, and immunoblot analysis was used to confirm the molecular mechanisms. Results : A compound-target network of RSE was constructed, which consisted of 336 edges between 18 ingredients and 123 protein targets. PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, and AMPK signaling pathway was significantly associated with protein targets of RSE. RSE protected HepG2 cells against AA+iron-induced oxidative stress as mediated with AMPK signaling. Conclusion : RSE was found to protect the cells against oxidative stress via the AMPK signaling pathway.

새싹인삼 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 MMP-1 저해 활성

김민정,양예진,양주혜,이원융,김우현,이재남,박광일 대한한의학방제학회 2024 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.32 No.1

Objectives : As a substitute for high-price ginseng, this study attempted to examine a possibility of the ferment extract of Panax ginseng sprout whether leaves and roots can be used together as a cosmetic ingredient with anti-oxidative and wrinkle-care effects. Methods : In terms of a test method, antioxidant activities were confirmed through total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity using the Panax ginseng sprout. In addition, to assess wrinkle-care effectiveness, the cytotoxicity of the extract was analyzed through MTT assay, and inhibition of collagenase activity in the cells was tested using the Panax ginseng sprout fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Resuits : The content of polyphenols and flavonoids in natural plants was highest in Panax Ginseng Sprout Extract at 100℃, which also demonstrated high DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity. MTT assay demonstrated that the Panax Ginseng Sprout Ferment Extract did not have a cytotoxic effect in CCD-986SK cell. Also, Panax Ginseng Sprout Ferment Extract was found to inhibit MMP-1 expression by 51.85±6.09% at a concentration of 10%. Conclusions : Therefore, this study has confirmed a possibility of Panax ginseng sprout ferment extract as a cosmetic ingredient with MMP-1-inhibitory effects.