Molecular Characterization of a Pathogenesis-related Protein 8 Gene Encoding a Class III Chitinase in Rice

이용환,Chan-Ho Park,김순옥,Ju-Young Park,Il-Pyung Ahn,Nam-Soo Jwa,Kyung-Hwan Im 한국분자세포생물학회 2004 Molecules and cells Vol.17 No.1

A cDNA encoding a class III chitinase (Oschib1) was isolated from a cDNA library constructed from rice leaves infected with the blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. The cDNA contains an open reading frame of 861 nucleotides encoding 286 amino acid residues with a pI of 5.06. The deduced amino acid sequence of Oschib1 has a high level of similarity with class IIIb chitinases of Gladiolus gandavensis (46%) and Tulipa bakeri (49%). A high level of Oschib1 mRNA was de-tected after inoculation with M. grisea or Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Expression of Oschib1 was induced more rapidly when an avirulent strain of M. grisea was inoculated (incompatible interaction) than when a virulent strain was used (compatible interaction). Ex-pression of Oschib1 was also induced by treatment of signaling molecules such as salicylic acid, ethylene, and methyl jasmonic acid, and by treatment with H2O2 or CuSO4. The induction patterns of Oschib1 expression suggest that Oschib1 may be involved in defense response against pathogen infections and may be classified as a member of pathogenesis-related protein 8 in rice.

印象主義硏究 : 그 色彩와 技法을 中心으로

李容煥 건국대학교 1977 學術誌 Vol.21 No.2

100 years after the birth of Impressionism, an exhibition of Impressionist paintings was held last year for the first time in Korea. The respect and enthusiasm that Impressionist paintings enjoy today are a far cry from the contempt and criticism directed against them at their brth. It is worth while to into the reasons underlying the unfavorable reception and the ultimate triumph of Impressionism. Leaving aside chronological study of individual artists, the present paper analyzes the use of color and technique in Impressionist paintings. The use of contrast, negation of a fixed color for an object, emphasis on the play of sunlight, and the new technique that entails these new conceptions are studied in depth. In its desire to be faithful to the vision of the moment, Impresionism opened unlimited possibilities in the use of clor, the influence of which is unmistakable in the Fauvism of the 20th century. The changed texture of the surface that the Impressionist technique had brought about had been continued in the Expressionistic tendency. The neo-and post-impressionist attitude of the artist can still be found in Cubism. The impressionist relied heavily on the "eye," and tried to become the "eye," but paradoxically, the basic ideas of Impresionism have contributed a great deal to the contemporary tendency that negates the "eye."

지방자치단체 사회복지관련 조례에 관한 연구

이용환 彗田大學 2006 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

고령사회와 퇴직 준비 교육에 관한 기초연구 : 충청남도 행정공무원을 중심으로

이용환 혜전대학 2005 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

인간은 일생의 1/4를 퇴직한 상태에서 보낸다고 한다. 이것은 퇴직 후 노년의 삶이무시하지 못한 만큼 긴 시기이며, 이 기간을 준비하지 못할 경우 그만큼 의미없는 인생을 보내야 하기 때문이다. 신분보장이란 법적보호 하에 평생직장으로 알면서 근무하던 공무원도 자의든 타의든 퇴직은 언제 닥칠지 모르는 상황이 되었으나, 공직생활을 하면서 퇴직에 대해 준비를 하고 있는 공무원은 많지 않은 것이 현실이다. 본 연구는 고령화 시대를 맞이하여 충청남도 행정공무원들이 퇴직에 대해 얼마나 준비하고있는지를 알아보기 위한 기초조사로서 퇴직에 대한 태도, 퇴직 준비 교육 요구 등 포괄적인 분야에서 조사하였다. 조사결과 충청남도의 고령화(aging)환경은 13.97%로서 고령(aged)사회로 진입하고 있으며, 81.25%인 13개 자치단체는 이미 고령사회로 진입하였다. 특히 청양군을 비롯한 3개 자치단체는 20%를 넘어 초고령사회가 된 실정이다.한편 공무원들의 퇴직에 대한 심리적 변인에서 81.80%가 압박과 두려움을 느끼고 있는 반면, 퇴직 준비 등에 대해서는 36.90%만 관심을 갖고 있은 뿐 대부분 퇴직을 부정적으로 바라보고 있었다. 그러나 퇴직 준비 교육의 필요성을 조사한 결과 90%의 응답자들이 그 필요성을 인정하였다. 응답자들이 원하는 퇴직 준비 교육으로는 퇴직 후의 경제생활, 여가시간활용, 건강관리 방법에 대한 교육요구가 가장 높았다. 본 연구는 5년 주기의 종단적 연구를 위한 기초조사이기 때문에 구체적인 연구결과 및 시간적 변인에 대한 제한이 있음을 밝혀둔다.

광역자치단체의 노인건강진단 사업에 관한 연구 : 65세 이상 국민기초생활보장 수급 노인을 중심으로

이용환 혜전대학 2004 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

This study grasped the actual conditions of senior citizen's health and welfare, determined the problems, and suggested improvements. It studied the level of old people in 16 cities and several provinces, the conditions of people over 65 years or older on basic social welfare, the accomplishments of local governments health care evaluations, the analyzation of senior's medical examinations according to diseases, and the results of treatment for those with diseases. The services for senior's health and welfare should provide health care service to all elderly people and support an affordable fee for medical treatment. This will help them minimize functional disorders in daily life. To further improve the health care environment the following policy changes should be implemented. First, The local-government related with the health care and welfare for old people needs to complete a basic survey and study the environment of senior's health care and welfare. Second, Health examinations for the aged should be extended to more people. Third, There should be more items included in health examinations and an appropriate medical fee should be introduced. Fourth, The programs related with senior's health care business should be developed.

豫算과 會計情報의 관계에 대한 小考

李鎔煥 진주여자전문대학 1986 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

고성능 데스크탑 컴퓨터 시스템을 위한 캐쉬 제어기의 VLSI 구현 ( VLSI Implementation of a Cache Controller for a High Performance Desktop Computer System )

이용환,곽승호,이회진,이승호,이문기 대한전자공학회 1994 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1994 No.11

敎材의 槪念에 관한 一考察

李庸煥 서울大學校 農科大學 1988 서울대농학연구지 Vol.13 No.1

It is an important factor to provide the suitable educational materials for attaining instructional objectives with the student and the teacher factors. Educational materials began with the traditional emphasis on visual materials and equipment as teaching aids or tools for teachers. As a result of the advent of communication theory, increased use of audiovisual materials, and researches on educational media, attention became focused on communication and learning as process. And an emphasis on developing systematic or technological organization for the support of instruction became popular. Educational media as teaching aids are still important in class room instruction in spite of the development of communication, educational technology, and new media. Teachers became confused with various terms such as audiovisual materials or aids, learning resources, educational or intructional materials, instructional or educational media, channel, and even subject matter. The study was carried out to review and discuss the meaning of the related terms of educational materials and explore the definition of educational materials. As a result of the study, the researcher defined the educational avterials as the media (including devices) containing or conveying the organized educational content for attaining the educational objectives.

데이터 전송을 위한 타이밍 손실 검출기

이용환 한국통신학회 1993 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.18 No.9

음성 통신과는 달리 데이타 신호전송은 불규칙하게 순간적으로 발생하는 선로장애에 크게 영향을 받는다. 이런 장애로 인해 때로는 송수신기 사이의 동기를 잃게되어, 강제적으로 재 동기시키지 않는한. 회복이 스스로 되지 못한다. 따라서 이러한 순간적인 장애에 의한 동기 손실에 적절히 대처하기 위해 데이타통신 장비에 효율적인 검출기가 필요된다. 본 논문에서는 부속데이타 채녈이 주데이타 채널에 같이 통합되어있는 데이타 송수신기에 적당한 검출기를 설계하였다. 검출용 신호를 원래의 부속채널 데이타와 함께섞어 기존 채널의 운영에 영향이 없게 부속채널을 통해 보낸다. 데이타 전송중에 계속해서 동작하도록, 변형된 up/down 카운터를 이용한 검출방식을 사용한다. 설계된 검출기의 성능이 수학적으로 분석되었다. Unlike voice communication, data transmission, can be seriously affected by transient channel impairments. In some cases, timing synchronization between the transmitter and the receiver may not be recovered in the presence of these kinds of impairments without a forced reinitialization process. Therefore, it is highly desirable for data communication equipment to have an efficient timing loss detector for robust recovery. In this paper, one such detector is proposed for data transceivers haying a secondary channel embedded in the main channel. A known sequence multiplexed with the secondary channel data is repeatedly sent through the embedded secondary channel. For continuous watch-dog like operation, the detection is sequentially performed based on a modified up/down counter scheme. The performance of the proposed detector is analytically evaluated In closed form.

우리나라의 保健計劃人力供給現況과 分析 : -保健計劃人力의 敎育背景을 中心으로-

李龍煥 서울大學校保健大學院 1977 公衆保健雜誌 Vol.14 No.1

The Purpose of this study is to provide data and references on the status of supply of health planning manpower from postgraduate schools and in-service training at government training institutes and also on the status of health planning manpower being employed by the central government agency in terms of their educational backgrounds, both college education or above and/or in-service training and their participation in health planning efforts of the government, required for the formulation of planning a future supply and utilization plan of health planning manpower. As the results of surveys conducted during the period of September 1 through 30, 1976 on a total number of 64 Ministry of Health and Social Affairs middle level public officials working in the field of public health service, the following conclusion has been reached: 1. No postgraduate school or undergraduate school offers a health planning course, only two universities have a health planning subject as part of a public health administration course. 2. A small number of the graduates from these schools have been employed by the government in the field of public health service. 3. Only the National Institute of Health has conducted two 4 week to 6 week health planning in-service training to Grade 3 public officials in 1975 and 1976. No similar training had been given elsewhere in Korea. 4. One-third of the public officials with non-health education backgrounds have been participating in public health service. 5. More responded public officials with non-health education backgrounds have taken health planning in-service training. 6. A large number of aged public officials without health education backgrounds stay in public health service. 7. Few government of officials with health planning education had participated in the formulation of the health sector plan in the 4th 5 year economic development plan. On the basis of the above results, the following recommendation is made: 1. Health planning education and training at postgraduate schools and at the National Institute of Health be strengthened, with inclusion of development theory and health economics in their curriculum. 2. There must be done something to attract postgraduate school graduates to government jobs, with increasing a number of students. 3. Public officials, both in health position and non-health position, be given more health planning training, particularly those in non-health position without health education backgrounds. Such training must be continued. 4. The Ministry of Health and Social Affairs health planning unit must be upgraded and streng thened in terms of manpower and their qualifications.