전형적 호모시스틴뇨증 환자들의 임상적 특성과 유전자분석

이예나,이정호,이동환,Lee, Yena,Lee, Jeongho,Lee, Dong Hwan 대한유전성대사질환학회 2015 대한유전성대사질환학회지 Vol.15 No.2

목적: 호모시스틴뇨증은 cystathionine ${\beta}$-synthase의 결핍으로 유발되는 질환이다. 본원에서 치료받고 있는 총 6명 환자들의 임상양상과 유전자 분석을 시행하였다. 방법: 1992년 1월부터 2015년 3월까지 본원에서 전형적 호모시스틴뇨증으로 진단되어 치료 중인 총 6명의 환자들을 대상으로 후향적으로 임상적, 생화학적, 유전자적 분석을 하였다. 결과: 총 6명의 환자가 본 연구에 포함되었으며 이 중 3명은 영아기에 발견되었고, 나머지 3명은 7세 이후에 진단되었다. 영아기에 진단되어 치료를 받은 환자들은 정상 인지기능을 보였고, 7세 이후에 진단된 환자들은 다양한 정도의 지적 장애가 있었다. 골감소증이 6명 중 2명의 환자에서 발견되었다. 혈전 색전증이나 경련, 수정체 탈구 같은 주요한 합병증은 7세 이후에 진단된 군에만 있었다. 유전자 검사에서 모두 cystathionine ${\beta}$-synthase 유전자의 돌연변이를 확인하였다. 본 연구에 포함된 6명은 현재 메티오닌 제한 식이를 하면서 엽산과 베타인, 비타민 B6, 메틸코발라민을 복용 중이다. 결론: 6명의 전형적 호모시스틴뇨증 환자들을 길게는 23년 동안 추적 관찰하였다. 신생아 대사 이상 검사에서 발견된 환자들은 합병증 없이 성장하고 있으나, 7세 이후에 진단된 환자들은 100% 수정체 탈구가 있었고 각종 합병증이 동반되었다. 따라서 전형적 호모시스틴뇨증의 예후에는 무엇보다 조기 진단이 중요하며 이는 현재 국내에서 시행되는 신생아 대사 이상 검사의 중요성을 설명하는 것이라 하겠다. Purpose: Homocystinuria (OMIM#236200) is a metabolic disease caused by mutation in the CBS gene. This study was conducted to identify the clinical features and prognosis of homocystinuria as well as to find out the CBS gene mutations of the six homocystinuria patients who were receiving treatment in the Pediatric Department at Soonchunhyang University Hospital. Methods: From January 1992 to March 2015, clinical, biochemical, and genetic analyses were performed retrospectively on the six patients diagnosed with classic homocystinuria at Soonchunhyang University Hospital. Results: A total of six patients were included in this study, including three who were diagnosed with homocystinuria at the mean age of $50{\pm}22.5$ days based on their abnormal newborn screening test results. The other three were diagnosed at the mean age of 7, when they visited the hospital for evaluation of developmental delay and lens dislocation. The group diagnosed at early infancy had normal cognitive function, but the other group had varying degrees of mental retardation. Major complications were found only in the group diagnosed after infancy. CBS gene mutation was found in all the patients, and they were all non-responsive to vitamin B6 treatment. At present, all patients' diets are controlled following a methionine-free formula and they are on medication with folic acid, betaine, pyridoxine, and methylcobalamin. Conclusion: Six homocystinuria patients were monitored for up to 23 years. The group diagnosed at early infancy exhibited no major complications. Therefore, early diagnosis is crucial in the prognosis, and homocystinuria must be included in the newborn screening program.

Sintering of porous ceramic of diatomite according to molding pressure and PEG content

이예나,안석환,남호석,남기우 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2018 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.19 No.6

Diatomite powder, a naturally occurring porous raw material, was used to make ceramic materials with porosity and highstrength. The sintering behavior of the diatomite powder at various sintering temperatures suggests that diatomite monolithswith a high porosity and strength can be prepared at 1100 oC. The compressive strength of the sintered diatomite monolithsincreased as the sintering temperature increased, and the molding pressure of 2MPa and the binder of 18.6 wt.% wereexcellent. When the sintering temperature rises, the diatomite powder is melted, and its pores gradually disappear. SEMimages show that strengthening begins with the formation of inter-particle bonds at a low sintering temperature.

대선후보의 SNS 평판이 선거결과에 미치는 영향 분석- 19대 대선을 중심으로 -

이예나,최은정,김명주 한국디지털정책학회 2018 디지털융복합연구 Vol.16 No.2

Smartphones and PCs have become essential components of our daily life. People are expressing their opinions freely in SNS by using these devices. We are able to predict public opinions on specific subject by analyzing the related big data in SNS. In this paper, we have collected opinion data in SNS and analyzed reputation by text mining in order to make a prediction for the will of the people before 19th presidential election in South Korea. The result shows that our method makes more accurate estimate than other election polls. 최근 스마트폰과 PC 이용이 대중화됨 따라 웹상에 데이터가 기하급수적으로 축적되고 있다. 특히 SNS를 통해서 자유로운 의사소통은 물론 간편한 정보공유가 가능하여 다양한 의견들이 대량 데이터 형태로 축적된다. 이러한 데이터들을 분석하여 특정 주제에 대한 여론을 예견하는 빅데이터 기반의 여론분석기술이 주목받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 SNS 상에 표현된 사용자들의 의견을 수집하고 분석하여 대한민국 19대 대통령 후보자들에 대한 유권자들의 숨어있는 표심을 분석해보았다. 이를 위해 19대 대선 후보에 관한 SNS상의 정보를 수집한 후 텍스트 마이닝 기법과 오피니언 마이닝 기법을 적용하여 언급 빈도수와 관련 키워드를 통한 평판 분석을 실시하였다. 본 논문에서 제시한 SNS를 통한 19대 대선후보의 평판분석결과가 기존의 여론조사결과에 비하여 더 정확하게 예측했음을 확인할 수 있다.

만 4, 5세 유아의 정서조망수용능력과 또래 상호작용의 경향 및 관계

이예나 이화여자대학교 이화어린이연구원 2017 영유아교육: 이론과 실천 Vol.2 No.2

This study attempted to determine the affective perspective-taking ability and peer interaction tendency of preschoolers aged 4 and 5, examine the difference in them by age and gender, and verify the relationship between affective perspective-taking ability and peer interaction. The subjects of the study included 30 children aged 4 and 30 children aged 5 attending a Child Care Center located in Seoul. As for research methods, this study used ‘Affect Knowledge Test’ originally developed by Denham and Couchoud(1990) to measure the children’s affective perspective- taking ability. Also, the children’s peer interaction was observed and measured using a set of modified observation categories, based on the observation category originally developed by Holloway and Reichhart-Erickson(1988). The study results were as follows: First, statistically significant difference was not found in the preschoolers’ affective perspective-taking ability according to age and gender of the children. Second, examining peer interactions by age, it was found that smiling-laughing-making physical contacts were more common among the 5-year-olds than the 4-year-old preschoolers. Next, when examined by gender, all negative interactions as well as physical aggression and interruptions were more common among male children than females, while giving and receiving help among positive interactions were more common among female children than males. Third, affective perspective-taking ability and peer interaction did not show statistically significant correlation. 본 연구의 목적은 유아의 정서조망수용능력과 또래 상호작용의 경향 및 연령, 성별에 따른 차이를 알아보고 그 관계를 규명하는 것이다. 연구 대상은 서울 지역의 어린이집에 다니는 만 4세 유아 30명, 만 5세 유아 30명이었다. 연구도구는 정서조망수용능력은 Denham과 Couchoud(1990)의 ‘감정판별능력 검사도구’를 성인순(2014)이 수정· 보완한 것을 사용하고, 또래 상호작용은 Holloway와 Reichhart-Erickson(1988)의 관찰 범주를 조혜진(2004)과 정미조(2009)가 사용한 것을 수정한 후 사용하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 유아의 정서조망수용능력이 높게 나타났다. 그러나 유아의 연령과 성별에 따른 정서조망수용능력은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 또래 상호작용은 긍정적 상호작용, 승인·의존적 상호작용, 부정적 상호작용 순서로 많이 하였다. 연령에 따른 긍정적 상호작용에서는 미소·웃음·신체접촉하기를 만 5세 유아가 많이 하는 것으로 나타났다. 다음으로 성별에 따른 부정적 상호작용 전체와 신체적 공격, 방해하기는 남아가 많이 하고, 긍정적 상호작용의 도움 주고받기는 여아가 많이 하는 것으로나타났다. 셋째, 정서조망수용능력과 또래 상호작용의 관계는 통계적으로 유의한 상관은 없었으나 실제적인 차이라고 보기보다는 유아의 대상 수가 적기 때문으로 볼 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 정서조망수용능력과 또래 상호작용의 중요성을 시사하고, 만 4, 5 세 유아의 특성을 이해하는데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

코퍼스 지표를 활용한 모의 토익시험의 유용성 검증 : 난이도와 변별도 분석을 중심으로

이예나 한국콘텐츠학회 2021 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.21 No.10

In this study, in order to investigate the factors that affect the percentage of correct answers and the degree of discrimination of the TOEIC test, a regression analysis was performed using corpus indicators that influence correct answer rate and the degree of discrimination for each part derived from the item analysis. The basic calculation word_length, consistency index LSA_overlap_adjacent_sentences, lexical diversity MTLD_VOCD, conjunction All_logical_causal_connectives_incidence, situational model casual_particles_causal_verbs_Ratio, syntactic complexity Left_embeddedness, and syntactic pattern density Infinitive_density were found to have negative effects. These factors that lower the correct answer rate can be utilized when setting learning goals. Vocabulary diversity index MTLD_VOCD, conjunction Additive_connectives_incidence, syntactic pattern density Infinitive_density, and lexical information person1_2_pronoun_incidence were found to have a positive effect. Factors influencing the increase in discrimination may provide important information for developing a learning program. 본 연구에서는 토익 시험의 정답률과 변별도에 영향을 미치는 구조적인 요인이 무엇인지 분석하기 위하여 문항 분석에서 도출된 각 파트별 코퍼스 지표들을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 모의 토익 시험의 정답률과 변별도에 대한 코퍼스 요인들의 회귀 분석을 실시하였고, 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 정답률에 대해서는 기초산출치 중에서 word_length, no_word_sentence1, sentence_length, 정합성 지표들 중에서는 LSA_overlap_adjacent_sentences, 어휘 다양성 지표들 중에서는 MTLD_VOCD, 접속사 지표들 중에서는 All_logical_causal_connectives_incidence, 상황모형 지표들 중에서는 casual_particles_causal_verbs_Ratio, 통사적복잡성 지표들 중에서는 Minimal_Edit_Distance1, Left_embeddedness, 통사적 패턴밀도 지표들 중에서는 Infinitive_density, Preposition_phrase_density 등이 음의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 코퍼스 요인들은 토익의 정답률을 낮추는 효과가 있기 때문에 하위 레벨의 학습자들이 단기적인 학습 효과를 향상시킬 수 있는 중요한 정보들을 제공해 줄 수 있을 것이다. 변별도에 대해서는 어휘 다양성 지표들 중에서 MTLD_VOCD, 접속사 지표들 중에서는 All_logical_causal_connectives_incidence, Additive_connectives_incidence, 통사적 패턴밀도 지표들 중에서는 Infinitive_density, 어휘정보 지표들 중에서는 person1_2_pronoun_incidence 등이 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 코퍼스 요인들은 변별도 증가에 영향을 주기 때문에 영어 능력 하위 그룹에 필요한 학습 프로그램을 개발하는 데 있어서 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Carbon-Fiber Based Microelectrode Array Embedded with a Biodegradable Silk Support for In Vivo Neural Recording

이예나,공찬호,장진우,전상범 대한의학회 2019 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.34 No.4

Background: Recently, carbon fibers have been utilized to develop a depth-type microelectrode array for chronic neural recording. Since the diameter of carbon fibers is smaller than the conventional electrodes made of metal wires or microfabricated silicon, the carbon fiber electrodes showed an improved capability for chronic neural recording with less tissue damages. However, the carbon fiber based microelectrodes have a limitation of short insertion depth due to a low stiffness. Methods: We proposed a carbon fiber based microelectrode array embedded with a mechanical support structure to facilitate the penetration into the deeper brain. The support is made of biodegradable silk fibroin to reduce the reactive tissue responses. The 4-channel carbon fiber based microelectrode arrays were fabricated and accessed in terms of electrochemical impedance, recording capability for 1-month implantation in rat hippocampi. The electrodes with tungsten supports were fabricated and tested as a control group. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to identify the reactive glial responses Results: The carbon fiber based electrode arrays with silk supports showed about 2-fold impedance increase 2 weeks after implantation while the number of active electrodes decreased simultaneously. However, after 1 month, the electrode impedance decreased back to its initial value and the percentage of active electrodes also increased above 70%. Immunohistochemical staining clearly showed that the electrodes with silk supports induced less reactive glial responses than that with tungsten supports. Conclusion: The proposed carbon fiber based microelectrode array is expected to be used for long-term in vivo neural recording from deep brain regions with the minimized reactive tissue response.

텍스트 마이닝을 활용한 영어 말하기 교수 및 학습의 연구 동향 분석: 매트릭스 분석과 토픽모델링의 활용

이예나,최인철 중앙대학교 외국학연구소 2022 외국학연구 Vol.- No.59

To understand trend analysis of research topics and topic-related keywords in English speaking education, this study conducted text mining of big data academic materials. The keywords were "English" and “Speaking,” and 2622 paper totals were analyzed. In order to collect research trend data for this study, a search of KCI was performed using the AND function of the keywords “English” and “speaking”. For the analysis, textome was used for text mining, and frequency and relevance of major keywords, and network topic modeling were performed. The results provide insight into possible future research directions by analyzing research trends in English speaking education. Three broad research areas were identified, which included: a focus on subjects, studies on curriculum and tools, and an investigation of correlations between English ability and other areas designed to improve speaking ability. Topic modeling analysis extracted ten research topics. Topic-related keywords that most frequently appeared were general words such as influence, Korean, use, and research. In addition, learner-centered research was a strong focus, with an interest in researching ways to improve learners' speaking ability by examining the differences in speaking ability and components of speaking performance according to the types of learners and educational institutions.

Association of Sedentary Time and Physical Activity with the 10-Year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014–2017

이예나,손정식,엄윤희,Oklim Kang 대한가정의학회 2020 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.41 No.6

Background: Sedentary behavior is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We investigated this association of sedentary time and physical activity with increased 10-year CVD risk in Korean adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014–2017). In total, 14,551 participants aged 30–74 years (6,323 men, 8,228 women) were analyzed. The usual length of sedentary time per day was categorized into three groups (<6, 6–<9, or ≥9 h/d), and physical activity (metabolic equivalents [METs]∙min/wk) was categorized into two groups (low, <600 METs∙min/wk; moderate/high, ≥600 METs∙min/wk). Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between sedentary time and increased CVD risk (predicted 10-year risk ≥10%). Adjusted variables were age, sex, body mass index, marital status, employment, household income, alcohol use, family history of CVD, and comorbidity (hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia). Results: The average sedentary time for the 14,551 participants was 7.49 h/d, with an average 10-year CVD risk of 9.58%. There was no significant association between sedentary time and increased 10-year CVD risk in the moderate/ high physical activity group. In the low physical activity group, sedentary time ≥9 h/d had a significant association with increased CVD risk (odds ratio [OR], 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.62). However, when the sedentary time was <6 h/d, no significant associations were found (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.92–1.49). Conclusion: In the low physical activity group, reduction of sedentary time might be important for preventing increased CVD risk.

영어 능력 평가 도구로써 토익 시험의 구인 타당도 분석

이예나 한국영어평가학회 2020 영어평가 Vol.15 No.2

This study sought to verify the usefulness of the TOEIC English proficiency test. TOEIC is recognized as an official English proficiency test, but more empirical evidence is needed to verify the test’s usefulness. To evaluate TOEIC test usefulness, the study assessed the construct validity of the test by conducting a correlation and causal relationship analysis of the connection between class scores given by native English-speaking teachers (NESTs) and TOEIC test scores. The results showed a significant correlation and causal relationship between TOEIC scores and NEST’s scores. However, there was only a weak correlation and causal relationship between TOEIC scores for classes taught by NESTs. TOEIC listening scores showed only a weak causal relationship with scores from NEST speaking classes. This suggests that the construct validity of the listening part of the test was not as strong as for TOEIC reading. Consequently, TOEIC scores do not correlate well with the NEST’s class scores, which have a high construct validity. Therefore, it can be seen that the TOEIC test has poor validity when measuring communication skills. In conclusion, in the future, there is a need to improve the construct validity of the TOEIC test, which is an officially recognized test.

폐경기 여성의 극복력 유형 분석: Q-방법 적용

이예나,강푸름,김지현 한국웰니스학회 2020 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.15 No.4

Menopause status significantly alters women’s life. Resilience is a dynamic process that implies a positive adaptation to adversity. The purpose of this study was to identify the subjective frames of resilience in menopausal women. Q-methodology was used for analyzing subjective viewpoints. Participants included thirty menopausal women. Data were collected on the subjective view of participants regarding their resilience and analyzed by PQ method 2.35 using principal component analysis and varimax rotation. This study revealed 4 factors characterizing participants’ subjective experiences related to resilience menopause: Focusing on the positive part, Pursuing active problem solving, Relying on stable support relationships, Switching focus on the new alternative. The result of the study can help to understand the resilience in menopausal women. It is expected that can be used as a basis for developing an intervention program to improve the resilience in menopausal women. 본 연구는 폐경기 여성의 극복력에 대한 주관성을 확인하고 그 유형별 특성을 확인하기 방법론을 적용한 탐색적 연구이다. 폐경기 여성 30명이 P표본으로 모집되었고 P표본은 37개의 Q표본을 Q표본 분포도 상에 강제 분포하도록 하였다. 수집된 자료는 PQ Method program으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 폐경기 여성의 극복력은 네 가지 유형으로 분류되었고, 이들 유형에 의해 설명된 전체 변량은 57%이었다. 제 1유형은 ‘생애주기 긍정 수용형’, 제 2유형은 ‘적극적 문제해결형’, 제 3유형은 ‘안정적 지지 관계 기반형’, 그리고 제 4유형은 ‘초점전환 대체형’으로 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과를 통하여 폐경기 여성의 극복력을 인식하는 요인이 다양하다는 것을 확인하였으며 이를 바탕으로 건강한 노년기로의 이행을 모색하기 위한 기초자료로 이용하여 중재 전략을 수립하고 적용할 것을 기대한다.