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Effect of thermal decomposition products of coal on anodic reactions in direct carbon fuel cells
이영훈,엄성용,안성율,최경민,김덕줄 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.9
The effect of inherent volatile matter in fuels on anodic electrochemical reactions was investigated in a direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC). Through thermal decomposition, raw coals, which are used as power source in the DCFC system, release gases under an operating temperatureof 700°C. These exhaust gases change the gas composition around the anode and affect the system's electrochemical reaction. To investigate the effect of produced gases, a comparative study was conducted between Indonesian sub-bituminous coal and char obtainedthrough thermal treatment. The open circuit voltage of raw coal increased to 0.23 V compared with that of char. The maximumpower density of raw coal (52 mW/cm2) was also higher than that of char (37 mW/cm2) because of the enhanced electron transportcaused by the additional reaction of hydrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide. The influence of volatile matter on the anodic electrolyteelectrodeinterface was analyzed with the use of the equivalent circuit induced from fitting the impedance data.
지역사회 기반 뇌졸중 교육홍보사업이 뇌경색 환자의 증상발생 후 병원도착시간에 미치는 영향
이영훈,박현영,이학승,하연수,정진성,조광호,김남호,이건세,김희숙,오경재 대한신경과학회 2015 대한신경과학회지 Vol.33 No.4
Background: We assessed the effects of stroke community-based education and advocacy on the time from stroke onset to hospital arrival in ischemic stroke patients. Methods: Stroke community-based education and advocacy were implemented between May 2014 and December 2014 in Iksan, Jeollabukdo. The extent of ambulance utilization, time from stroke onset to hospital arrival, and proportions of arrivals within certain golden-time windows were compared with those of patients admitted from May to December 2013 (before vs. after intervention). Results: The demographic and clinical characteristics did not differ significantly between the patients admitted in 2013 and 2014, nor did the proportion of ambulance utilization (33.6% and 39.4%, respectively; p=0.195). The median time from stroke onset to hospital arrival changed from 582 min in 2013 to 367 min in 2014, although not statistically significant (p=0.062). The proportion of hospital arrivals within 3 hours from stroke onset increased significantly from 28.5% in 2013 to 42.3% in 2014 (p=0.002). Conclusions: A comprehensive community-based stroke intervention may increase the probability of hospital arrival within the golden-time window, thereby leading to a better prognosis.
북한무역 및 남북교역이 북한경제성장에 미치는 효과 분석
이영훈 한국은행 2004 經濟分析 Vol.10 No.4
본 연구는 북한의 대외무역과 남북교역이 최근 북한경제 회복에 미치는 효과를 실증 분석한 후 이를 토대로 정책적 시사점을 제시하였다. 북한무역이 북한경제성장에 미치는 영향을 수출입의 무역에 대한 탄력성과 수입이 추가된 ‘확대된 생산함수모형’을 이용하여 분석한 결과, 1999~2003년 기간 무역증가로 인한 북한의 경제성장률은 연평균 2.4%로서, 한국은행이 추정한 동 기간 성장률 2.8%의 대부분을 차지하고 있다. 한편 남북교역으로 인한 경제성장률을 국제수지표를 이용하여 추계한 결과, 동 기간 연평균 1.2%, 대북지원이 창출하는 부가가치까지 포함하면 2.3%로 나타나고 있다. 따라서 동 기간 대외무역과 남북교역이 증가하지 않았다면 북한경제는 마이너스 성장을 하고 있을 가능성도 배제할 수 없다. 향후 북한무역 특히 남북교역은 지원적 성격으로 인해 북한의 경제회복에 기여하겠지만, 북한의 취약한 수출경쟁력으로 인해 성장을 지속적으로 견인하기에는 한계가 있는 것으로 보인다. 따라서 북한이 현재의 경제난을 타개하기 위해서는 경제회생에 필요한 외국자본과 기술유입이 불가피하며 이를 위해서는 국제사회의 공조뿐만 아니라 북한자체의 변화가 있어야 할 것이다. This study analyzes the growing influence of North Korea's and inter-Korean trade on North Korea's economic growth, and examines some of the implications for the future direction of economic or political policies. Major analyses show that the North Korea's average economic growth rate for the years 1999-2003 that was driven by inter-Korean trade hovered at 1.2% up to 2.3% and the growth rate by North Korea's trade stood at 2.4%. The rates are surprisingly high, roughly equivalent to the 2.8% average growth rate for the corresponding years estimated by the Bank of Korea. These results suggest that without the growth of North Korea's and inter-Korean trade for the years, North Korea could have slipped into negative economic growth. Another striking result arising from the analyses is that inter-Korean trade, although it accounts for one-fifth of North Korea's overall trade volume, has a significant effect on the North Korea's economic rebound, which stems largely from "non-trade" nature or South Korea's unilateral economic or humanitarian assistance.
일부 지역사회의 정상 체질량지수 여성에서 허리둘레, 허리둘레/신장비와 대사성 위험요인과의 연관성
이영훈 한국모자보건학회 2009 한국모자보건학회지 Vol.13 No.1
Objectives : This study was performed to examine the association between abdominal obesity and metabolic risks in women within the normal body mass index (BMI) range. Methods : The data used for this study were obtained from 507 women with BMI 18.5~24.9 kg/m2, aged 20 to 74 years, who participated in 'Prevalence study of thyroid diseases' in two counties of Jeollanamdo province during July and August of 2004. Height, weight, and waist circumference (WC) were measured by anthropometry, and BMI, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. The definition of abdominal obesity was defined using WC (≥85 cm, and ≥80 cm) and WHtR (≥0.5 cm/cm). Metabolic risks included high blood pressure, high fasting glucose, low HDL cholesterol, high triglycerides, and multiple metabolic risks (MMRs; 2 or more of the above 4 conditions). Results : The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 11.8% (WC≥85 cm), 36.3% (WC≥80 cm), and 49.5% (WHtR≥0.5), respectively. Odds ratios adjusted by age, BMI, smoking, alcohol drinking, and physical activity (aOR) were significantly higher in women of WC≥85 cm for high blood pressure (1.94), low HDL cholesterol (2.05), and MMRs (2.24). aOR were significantly higher in women of WHtR≥0.5 for low HDL cholesterol (2.00), high triglycerides (2.98), and MMRs (2.22). However, aOR were significantly higher in women of WC≥80 cm for only high triglycerides (2.09). Conclusion : WC and WHtR seems to have a strong association with metabolic risks. Especially, high WC (≥85 cm) and high WHtR (≥0.5) are the most significant predictor of obesity-related metabolic disease. This observation confirms that obtaining anthropometric abdominal obesity indices in addition to the BMI provides important information on a women's health risk.
2자유도 H∞ 제어기 종합 프레임웍에 기반한 유압식 Dipod 플랫폼의 강인제어기 설계
이영훈,조택동 대한기계학회 2013 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.37 No.6
유압식 Dipod 플랫폼은 기동차량에서 위성을 지향하는 안테나의 안정화 및 추적에 사용된다. 이러한 플랜트의 제어기 설계에는 외란제거와 추적 두 가지 성능목표 뿐만 아니라 강인성을 함께 절충해야 하는 제약조건으로 인해 1자유도 제어기에 비해 설계 유연성이 큰 2자유도 H∞ 제어기가 선호된다. H∞ 기반한 2자유도 제어기 종합방법에는 두 가지 프레임웍이 사용되는데 유압식 Dipod 플랫폼의 예를 통해서 일괄종합 방법이 더 우수한 성능을 보인 반면 분리종합 방법은 더 우수한 강인성을 보임을 확인할 수 있었다. H∞ 2자유도 종합방법에 따른 이러한 두 결과의 차이를 시스템 정합행렬의 구조화 특성을 통해 비교하여 보았다.