우리나라 김치의 포장과 저장방법에 관한 연구

이양희,양익환 한국농화학회 1970 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.13 No.3

Studies were carried out to develope the most economical and practical methods of packaging and preservation of kimchi, so commercialization of kimchi manufacture could proceed rapidly. The results obtained may be summarized as following. (1) It is generally established that the acceptable range of lactic acid content of kimchi is between 0.4% and 0.75%. Based on sensory evaluation, kimchi having lactic acid content below 0.4% and above 0.75% was not edible, and the time of optimum taste corresponded to the vicinity of 0.5% of lactic acid content. For the refrigeration storage with or without preservatives, the packaging kimchi in plastic film must be done at the lactic acid content of 0.45%, for lactic acid fermentation will continue slowly after the packaging. However, for the heat sterilized kimchi the packaging should be done at the 0.5% of lactic acid content for the best because lactic acid fermentation is completely stopped after the packaging. (2) Polyethylene, polypropylene, and polycello were chosen as suitable packaging materials. Polyethylene is cheapest among them but kimchi packaged in this film was damaged frequently in handling process and gave off kimchi flavor. On the other hand polypropylene also gave off kimchi flavor, but its higher mechanical strength gave better protection to kimchi and it had superior display effect due to the transparancy. Therefore polypropylene made much better packaging material. Polycello proved to be the best packaging material from the standpoint of physical characteristics but its price is higher than that of other plastic films. To be effective, the thickness of plastic films for packaging kimchi must exceed 0.08㎜. (3) Keeping property of kimchi appeared to be excellent by means of freezing. However, by the time the frozen kimchi was thawed out at room temperature, moisture loss due to drip was extensive, rendering the kimchi too stringy. (4) Preservation of kimchi at refrigerated temperatures proved to be the best method and under the refrigerated condition the kimchi remained fresh as long as 3 months. The best results were obtained when kimchi was held at 0℃. (5) In general, preservatives alone were not too elective in preserving kimchi. Among them potassium sorbate appeared to be most effective with the four fold extension of self-life at 20℃ and two fold extension at 30℃. (6) In heat sterilization the thickness of packaged kimchi product had a geat effect upon the rate of heat penetration. When the thickness ranged from 1.5 to 1.8㎝, the kimchi in such package could be sterilized at 65℃ for 20 minutes. Kimchi so heat treated could be kept at room temperature as long as one month without apparent changes in quality. (7) Among combination methods, preservation at refrigerated and heat sterilization could be favorably combined. When kimchi was stored at 4℃ after being sterilized at 65℃ for 20 minutes, it was possible to preserve the kimchi for more than 4 months.

반사회적 행동 평가 척도 개발 연구

이양희,민수현 미래유아교육학회 2001 미래유아교육학회지 Vol.8 No.1

The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument(Antisocial Behavior Scale) in order to screen preschoolers at risk for antisocial behavior. The items in the scale were developed through literature review and experts in the field. The process was followed by two additional steps. First, 197 preschool teachers were asked to rate the appropriateness of each item that was developed. The items, analyzed by factor analysis, finally composed of 22 items of four factors aggression, self-centeredness, nonsocial, and inattention. Cronbach's alpha of total items was .89. Second, 91 preschool teachers were asked to rate 190 children between the ages of five and six with ABS. The teachers were asked to rate the same children using the K-CBCL. The correlation between the two measures was .59. The results of this study indicate that the ABS is a valid and reliable scale that measures antisocial behavior in preschool children.

形式名詞の日韓照究

이양희 대한일어일문학회 2007 일어일문학 Vol.34 No.-

本研究は、日韓両言語の形式名詞の研究の一環として、日本語の「ものだ」「ことだ」と韓国語の「법이다」「마련이다」を対象に、その意味・用法を考察し、その類似点と相違点を明らかにすることが目的である。従来、日本語の「ものだ」「ことだ」と韓国語との対照研究においては、日本語の「ものだ」「ことだ」がモダリティを表す場合も、その表す意味は考慮に入れず、韓国語の「것」に対応させようしたものが殆んどであり、意味・用法を視野に入れた分析は欠落されていると言える。そこで、本研究では、まず、日本語の「ものだ」「ことだ」と韓国語の「법이다」「마련이다」の意味・用法を考察した。次に、その考察の結果に基いて、四つの形式に共通に見られる「當然性」「當為性」を中心に、その統語的な特徴、共起する副詞的成分、置き換え、対応関係を考察した。考察の結果、日本語の「ものだ」には、「性状規定」「當然性」「當為性」「状況解説」「回想」「感嘆」「理由」を表す意味・用法があり、「ことだ」には「當為性」「感嘆」「命令」を表す意味・用法があることを確認した。次に、韓国語の「법이다」には「當然性」「當為性」を表す意味・用法、「마련이다」には「當然性」を表す意味・用法があることを確認した。さらに、四つの形式に、類似性が見られる「當然性」「當為性」においては、①「當然性」を表す場合、日本語の「ものだ」と韓国語の「법이다」「마련이다」がその意味・用法を表すことができる。したがって、日本語の「ものだ」の「當然性」は韓国語の「법이다」「마련이다」の「當然性」に対応する。②「當為性」を表す場合、日本語の「ものだ」「ことだ」と韓国語の「법이다」がその意味・用法を表すことができる。したがって、日本語の「ものだ」の「當為性」は韓国語の「법이다」の「當為性」に対応する。しかし、日本語の「ことだ」が表す「當為性」は、「當然性」の意味を含んでいないため、韓国語の「법이다」の「當為性」とは対応しない。

마이야르반응 생성물의 주정발효에 미치는 영향

이양희,레온뻐띠 한국농화학회 1968 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.10 No.1

Maillard 反應에서 生成된 可溶性 混合物質 "Premelanoidines"의 Saccharomyces cerevisiae에 依한 酒精醱酵에 미치는 生理的 영향에 關해서 관찰하였다. Premelanoidines은 포도당과 Glycine의 水溶液을 90℃에서 1∼48時間 加熱함으로써 얻었으며 이의 酒精醱酵에 미치는 生理的 영향은 Micro-Warburg를 使用하여 酒精醱酵 過程中 發生되는 CO₂의 量을 測定함으로써 醱酵速度의 促進여부를 決定하였다. 實驗結果를 綜合해 보면, Premelanoidines은 酵母에 依한 酒精醱酵의 速度를 促進하는 結果를 나타냈으며 이 促進現象은 어느 限界內에서 醱酵배지에 含有된 Premelanoidines의 量에 比例하여 增加한다. 또한 이 Premelanoidines의 活性은 特히 醱酵의 初期에 限하여 作用하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

NLO chromophore 를 포함하는 새로운 폴리이미드의 합성과 물성에 관한 연구

이양희,소봉근,이수민 한국고분자학회 1996 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.1996 No.10

유아의 반사회적 행동 중재를 위한 사회기술훈련 프로그램의 개발

이양희,김여경 미래유아교육학회 2004 미래유아교육학회지 Vol.11 No.3

본 연구에서는 유아의 반사회적 행동을 조기에 중재하기 위하여 선행연구 및 현장 조사를 통해 우리 나라 실정에 맞는 사회기술훈련 프로그램을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 사회기술훈련 프로그램은 유아를 대상으로 하는 사회기술훈련 이외에 교사교육 및 부모교육을 포함하였다. 특히 사회기술훈련은 5세 유아에 맞는 사회기술 영역을 내용으로 하며 12회기에 걸친 단기 프로그램으로 구성하였다. 본 연구에서는 프로그램을 현장에 체계적으로 적용하기 위하여 효과검증을 실시하였다. 우선, 교사와 부모의 평가를 바탕으로 일반 유아교육기관의 유아 98명을 대상으로 반사회적 행동을 보이는 유아 12명을 선별하였다. 그리고 이들을 실험집단과 통제집단으로 각각 나누어 실험집단을 대상으로 사회기술훈련 프로그램을 실시해 보았다. 그 결과 사회 기술훈련 프로그램이 반사회적 행동을 보이는 유아의 사회기술, 정서조절능력, 친 사회적 행동의 향상과 문제행동 감소에 도움을 주는 것을 알 수 있었다. Children who display antisocial behavior patterns have a greatly increased risk of a host of long-term, negative outcomes. Early intervention regarding antisocial behaviors was needed. The purpose of this study was to develop Social skills training program in preschools for children with antisocial behaviors. This study was made to modify she program and verify the effects of the program. 12 preschoolers were sampled through the screening process among 98 preschoolers at the age of 5. The subjects of this study were composed to experimental group and control group, which had 6 students, each. To verify the effects, subjects were assessed to improve their social competence and reduce the problem behaviors by their teachers and parents. The examination of the effects of the program showed significant improvement of social competence and reduction of problem behaviors. The result of this study showed that Social Skills Training program was an effective intervention to prevent antisocial behaviors.

유아용 반사회적 행동 평가 척도의 표준화를 위한 연구

이양희,최서윤 한국유아교육학회 2001 유아교육연구 Vol.21 No.3

본 연구는 유아의 반사회적 행동을 조기에 선별하여 중재하기 위한 목적으로 개발된 교사용 '반사회적 행동 평가 척도(Antisocial Behavior Scale)'의 규준을 마련하고자 진행되었다. 본 도구는 총 22문항의 평가척도로서 전국의 유치원 및 어린이집에 재원 중인 만 4·5·6세의 정상 유아 1205명을 대상으로 성별 및 연령별 규준이 마련되었다. 규준은 총점을 활용한 기준점수와 프로파일의 두 가지 형태로 제시되었다. 총점에 근거한 기준점수는 정상수준과 중재수준으로 분류되었고, 프로파일은 요인분석의 결과로 도출된 3개의 요인 즉, 적대적-공격성, 비사회적-이기성, 부주의성 요인에 근거하여 백분위 점수로 제시되었다. 본 연구는 표준화 절차에 따라 규준을 제시하고자 하였고, 차후 연구에서는 선별적 도구로 활용되기 위한 타당성을 입증하여 검증하는 작업이 필요할 것으로 보인다. The purpose of this study was to develop norms for the Antisocial Behavior Scale (ABS). The scale was developed as a teachers' version to screen preschoolers exhibiting antisocial behaviors which might put them at risk for future behavior problems. Two types of norms were constructed from a stratified sample of 1205 preschoolers (574 girls and 630 boys) between the ages of four and six years. The first type of a norm was a total score norm. Two different levels of risk were identified: normal and high risk. "High risk" group warrants immediate intervention. 95th percentile rank would put boys and girls in the high risk group. The results revealed that there was a difference according to the age of girls. Difference was found between 5 and six-year-old girls but no difference between 4 and 5-year-old girls. Further research is necessary to validate the ABS and to develop a parents' version of the scale.

재한일본인 自衛團의 3·1운동 탄압

이양희 한국근현대사학회 2016 한국 근현대사 연구 Vol.76 No.-

As the March First Independence Movement spread throughout the country, the commander of Japanese Korean Army ordered for local deputy assistant commissioners, veterans and other ordinarycitizens in nation to put down the resistance. On top of that, he ordered for each provincial provost marshals or deputy assistant commissioners to organize the Self-Defense Force which was designed for public order such as defense before the Independence movement, night duty and fire prevention. By the time the March First Independence movement occurred, the Self-Defense Force, which mainly consisted of fire brigade and veterans’association and Japanese residents in Korea, suppressed Korean people. The fire brigade was in charge of public safety within the Japanese resident society. After losing the sovereignty of Korea, as many veterans’ associations around the country integrated into veterans’ associations for Japanese emperor, Japanese residents society were connected to Army forces. The fire brigade was under the force of deputy assistant commissioners, and veterans’ association were under the same chain of command, the two organizations were easily converted to Korean suppression team under the command of the military and the police. The Self-Defense Forces originated from two major events, which were below: The one event was that during the times of recovering movement of national right in the late period of Joseon, the Self Defense Force by the Japanese residents was organized. The other one was that the Self Defense Force was organized to suppress the resistance under control of the police when the rice plunder incident was arisen in Japan. The aspects of suppression the March First Independence Movement by the Self Defense Force was formed by the suppression part which included arrests and manhunts, and the alert which included night watch and fire alerts. The fire brigade went into suppress with cudgels and fire fight equipment. Especially poles with an iron hook designed to hit people and snatch people’s hairs were like killing weapons. Severe treatments by the fire brigade members made for Korean people intensify anti-Japanese filling more and more. Also they made for foreign missionaries to recognize the terrible scenes of suppression the March First Independence Movement. When the March First Independence Movement was erupted, the Japanese Police forced for civilian to leave their private arms in police stations or to ban possession of their arms and even restrict carrying gunpowder and components for mines. However, these rules were applied only for Koreans. Veterans’ association by Japanese members with their arms was put in suppression of Korean rebellions with the military with the police’s approval. One of the main reasons why the March First Independence Movement had begun was the head on collision between Self Defense Force by Japanese residents and Korean people. After the early April, the role of the Self Defense Force was converted into security mission like nigh watch, fire prevention and information offering of Korean people’s trends after dispatching the military police, the military police assistants and infantry battalion dispatched for provisional Korean democratic government.

일제의 3.1운동 원인조사와 민정(民情)의 실상

이양희 한국사연구회 2019 한국사연구 Vol.- No.187

When March 1st Independence Movement took place, the Japanese colonial government investigated its causes and the public sentiment at that time. The investigation was conducted by the administrative divisions of province, county, and myeon and the agencies such as military police and police. An investigation as ordered by the Army Ministry of the Empire of Japan showed that the March 1st Independence Movement involved the international causes such as Woodrow Wilson’s principle of self-determination and February 8 Independence Declaration and the domestic causes such as the rumored poisoning of King Gojong, the suggested Japanese Empire’s conspiracy related to it, the leadership as demonstrated by Cheongdogyo believers and Christians, and Japanese people’s disdain of Koreans. What lay underneath was the Korean people’s sentiment deeply entrenched against the Japanese colonial rule. The inspectors reported the independence movement, the suppression by the military and the police, and the Korean public opinion on the international relations as unfounded rumors or hearsay. The public opinion in Korea got the Japanese colonial government nervous. In response, the Japanese colonial government slanted the cause of March 1st Independence Movement as ‘complaints and grievances“ about the colonial policy. At the same time, the Japanese military police stationed in Korea surveyed the Korean people’s opinion on the colonial policy. The survey showed that the Koreans were protesting that they were receiving the most unjustified treatment in economic and social life and their demands peaked in the categories of politics, economy, and education. The survey targeted intellectuals, newspaper reporters, regional magnates, colonial administrative officials, and pro-Japanese upper class. This suggests that the opinion surveyed was not quite that of the Korean people. At the same time, the Japanese Government General in Korea controlled the media to prevent the Korean people’s sentiment from being swayed. And they painted the leadership of March 1st Independence Movement as those who tried to take the power. With this, they played fast and loose with the Korean people’s desire for independence. The Japanese colonialists had to come up with how to improve their colonial policy. And the Japanese colonial policy in Korea switched to the so-called ‘cultural rule’. It was a colonialist ploy to uproot the anti-Japanese sentiment of Koreans and thereby get the colonialist regime internalized. 3.1운동이 일어나자 일제는 만세운동의 원인과 民情을 조사했다. 조사는 道-郡-面 행정체계와 헌병ㆍ경찰 기관을 통해 이루어졌다. 4월 일본 육군성의 지시에 의해 조사된 바에 의하면 3.1운동의 원인은 민족자결주의, 2.8독립선언 등의 국제적 원인과 고종의 죽음에 대한 독살설과 일제의 음모설, 천도교도 및 기독교도의 주도, 일본인의 한국인 멸시 등 국내적 원인이 있었다. 그 근저에는 일제 식민통치에 대한 한국인들의 깊은 반감이 있었다. 사찰원은 만세운동과 군경의 탄압, 국제정세에 대한 한국인 민심을 유언비어, 소문 등으로 보고했다. 일제는 한국인들의 여론에 긴장했다. 이에 3.1운동 원인을 식민정책에 대한 ‘불평ㆍ불만’으로 왜곡했다. 동시에 조선헌병대는 식민정책에 대한 한국인들의 의견을 조사했다. 이에 의하면 한국인들은 경제와 사회 부문에서 가장 부당한 대우를 받고 있다고 항의한 반면 요구사항은 정치, 경제, 교육 부문이 많았다. 조사는 지식인, 신문기자, 지역 유력자, 식민행정기관 관리, 친일적 성향의 상류층을 대상으로 했다. 때문에 한국인 민중의 의견이라고 보기는 어렵다. 동시에 조선총독부는 한국인 민심의 동요를 막기 위해 언론을 통제했다. 또한 3.1운동 주도세력을 권력탈취 세력으로 호도했다. 이를 통해 3.1운동의 근본적 원인과 한국인들의 독립에 대한 열망을 기만했다. 일제는 식민정책 ‘개선’을 강구해야 했다. 이후 한국 식민정책은 일명 ‘문화통치’로 전환되었다. 이는 한국인 반일의식의 근원을 제거하고, 식민체제를 내재화하려는 식민통치책이었다.

민법상 일반원칙인 ‘신의성실의 원칙이나 형평의 원칙’에 의한 변호사 보수의 감액 여부

이양희 사법발전재단 2018 사법 Vol.1 No.45

변호사와 의뢰인이 약정한 변호사 보수액이 부당하게 과다한 경우 민법상 일반원칙인 ‘신의성실의 원칙 및 형평의 관념’에 의하여 제한할 수 있는지에 여부와 관련하여, 대법원은 “여러 사정을 고려하여 약정 보수액이 부당하게 과다하여 신의성실의 원칙이나 형평의 관념에 반한다고 볼 만한 특별한 사정이 있는 경우에는 예외적으로 적당하다고 인정되는 범위 내의 보수액만을 청구할 수 있고, 다만 이러한 보수 청구의 제한은 어디까지나 계약자유의 원칙에 대한 예외를 인정하는 것이므로 법원은 그에 관한 합리적인 근거를 명확히 밝혀야 한다.”라고 하여 신의성실의 원칙 및 형평의 관념에 의한 변호사 보수 청구의 제한을 긍정하여 왔다. 이에 대해 법률에서 제한 규정을 두고 있지 않는 한 사적 자치 및 계약자유의 원칙상 계약 내용대로 그 효력을 인정하여야 하고, 법률행위의 무효사유로 규정하고 있지 않은 민법 제2조의 신의성실의 원칙 또는 민법에 규정되어 있지도 않은 형평의 관념은 당사자가 계약으로 정한 변호사 보수를 제한할 수 있는 근거가 될 수 없다는 등의 이유로, 신의성실의 원칙 및 형평의 관념에 의한 변호사 보수를 감액을 반대하는 견해가 없지 않았다(별개의견). 이에 대법원은 이번 전원합의체 판결을 통해 기존의 위와 같은 법리가 현재에도 여전히 그 타당성을 인정할 수 있다는 입장임을 명확히 하였고, 그 근거로 다음과 같은 사정 등을 들었다. 즉 사법(私法)의 기본원리인 사적 자치와 계약자유의 원칙도 아무런 제한 없이 절대적으로 인정되는 것이 아니라 법질서 전체를 관통하는 일반 원칙인 신의성실의 원칙에 의해 제한될 수 있다. 그리고 단순히 급부의 교환에 그치는 매매와 같은 계약과 달리 당사자 사이의 신뢰관계를 기초로 상대방의 권리와 이익을 보호하는 데에 목적이 있는 위임이나 신탁과 같은 계약에서는 신의성실의 원칙과 형평의 관념이 강하게 작용한다. 또한 영리추구가 목적인 상인의 영업활동과 달리 고도의 공공성과 윤리성이 요구되는 변호사 직무의 특성상 소송위임계약에서 신의성실의 원칙과 형평의 관념은 더욱 강하게 작용하고, 변호사 보수가 반드시 일반적인 수요와 공급의 법칙에 따라 적정 수준으로 결정되고 있다고 볼 수도 없다. 한편 법원이 적정한 결론을 도모한다는 구실로 신의성실의 원칙에 기대어 당사자 사이의 계약 내용을 함부로 수정·변경하는 것은 당연히 경계하여야 하는데, 대법원은 변호사 보수 청구 제한의 법리를 발전시켜 오면서 이러한 법리가 계약자유의 원칙을 제한·수정하는 예외적인 것이므로 그 적용에 신중을 기하여야 한다는 입장을 밝혀 왔고, 보수 청구를 제한하는 경우 그에 관한 합리적 근거를 명확히 밝혀야 한다고 판단해 왔는바, 이로써 변호사 보수에 대해 신의칙을 적용함으로써 생길 수 있는 우려는 해소되었다고 볼 수 있다. In the subject case pertaining to whether an attorney’s claim for remuneration can be limited according to the principle of trust and good faith and the concept of equitygeneral rules under the Civil Actwhere the fee agreed between the attorney and his/her client is unduly excessive, the Supreme Court held as follows: “When taking account of such various factors as ordinary attorney-client relationship; degree of effort on the part of the attorney; value of the subject-matter of lawsuit; specific gains that the client is to incur if winning the case; and other matters revealed during the pleading, if there exist extenuating circumstances to deem that an unduly excessive agreed-upon attorney fee in remuneration for an attorney’s handling of delegated duties contravenes the principle of trust and good faith or the concept of equity, then the attorney may only claim remuneration for a fee within a scope considered reasonable and appropriate. However, given that such limitation on the claim for remuneration grants an exemption to the freedom of contract doctrine, courts shall provide a clear rationale thereto.” Two Justices expressed their concurrence as to the above ruling: “[The] Civil Act merely stipulates that the exercise of rights and the performance of duties shall be in accordance with the principle of trust and good faith and that no abuse of rights shall be permitted (see Article 2(1)-(2)), and does not prescribe it as grounds to deem juristic acts null and void. Therefore, neither the principle of trust and good faith as prescribed under Article 2 of the Civil Act nor the concept of equity that is not even stipulated in the same Act can serve as the basis to declare an agreement concluded between the parties null and void.” In the en banc Decision, supra, the Court expounded as to why the aforementioned legal doctrine still holds true today: (a) As the fundamental principle of private law, the private autonomy doctrine and the freedom of contract doctrine forms the basis for regulating juristic legal relationships, but such doctrine is not unlimited and absolute. Private autonomy and freedom of contract may be restricted according to the good faith principle. (b) The underlying purpose of delegation or entrustment agreements is to protect the rights and interests of a counterparty based on trust between the contractual parties. As such, the principle of good faith and the concept of equity are even more stringently applied compared to sales agreements that mainly center on payment and consideration. (c) While allowing attorneys to monopolize the entire legal profession, the Attorney-at-Law emphasizes the high level of public nature and ethical standards demanded of the attorney’s profession by declaring that the mission of any attorney shall be to defend fundamental rights and realize social justice and that each attorney shall perform his/her duties independently and freely as a legal professional of public nature. The fact that an attorney’s performance of duties is starkly different from that of a merchant’s commercial activities seeking to generate profit ought to be taken into consideration when applying the good faith principle to a retainer agreement. (d) An attorney’s fee cannot be necessarily deemed as being decided at an appropriate level according to the law of supply and demand. Meanwhile, on the pretext of deriving a reasonable conclusion courts should as a matter of course refrain from rashly changing and revisingon the basis of the good faith principledetails of a contract concluded between two parties. However, in the course of establishing the legal doctrine of limitation on attorney fees, the Supreme Court has consistently underlined the need for prudence when applying such doctrine inasmuch as it falls under an exceptional case of placing constraints on the freedom of contract, and has expressed the need to provide a clear rationale in cases of limiting attorne...