홍삼·백년초 복합물이 관절염 개선에 미치는 효과

이승현,이창현,김홍준,김영식,신민지,김지현,마상용,이세연,권진,오찬호,Lee, Seung-Hyeon,Lee, Chang-Hyun,Kim, Hong-Jun,Kim, Young-Sik,Shin, Min-Ji,Kim, Ji-Hyun,Ma, Sang-Yong,Lee, Se-Youn,Kwon, Jin,Oh, Chan-Ho 대한한의학방제학회 2021 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.29 No.2

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a complex mixture of natural substances of ginseng and baeknyeoncho on the arthritic rats. Methods : In vitro experiments were conducted to ensure the stability of the complex. After setting toxicity and concentration by MTT assay, the antioxidant effect was measured through DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. To confirm the anti-inflammatory effects of the complex, levels of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) were measured in LPS-treated macrophage cell lines (RAW264.7). We injected monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) 50 μl (60 mg/ml) into knee joints of rats to induce osteoarthritis. The rats were divided into three groups (normal (n=5), control (n=5), and OR (n=5) group). The control group consumed 2 mg/kg of physiological saline once a day for 4 weeks, and the OR group was mixed at a concentration of 416.5 mg/kg of Baengnyeoncho (O) and 208.25 mg/kg of red ginseng (R) and ingested 1 mL each 5 days a week. Results : This complex increased the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging rate. The complex decreased NO production and pro-inflammatory cytokine production of macrophages. In the OR group, the secretion of cytokine in serum was decreased. In histopathological examination, the joint tissue of the composite showed less damage to the synovial membrane, cartilage, and fibrous tissue than the control group. Conclusions : As a result of this study, natural complexes have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cartilage protection effects. Therefore, we expect the complex to be effective in treating osteoarthritis.

〈젊은 세대의 백서〉에 나타난 자본주의와 미국 문화의 영향

이승현(Lee, Seung-Hyun) 한국어문학회 2014 語文學 Vol.0 No.126

Ha Yoo-sang’s drama in 1950’s is well know that they displayed the generational conflict, but Jeolmeun sedaeui baekseo is unlike other works. Ha yoo-sang said that Jeolmeun sedaeui baekseo is human problem related to ‘the illusion’, so it should be is read in other way, not the generational conflict. After Korean war, South Korea is influenced by the Capitalism and the American Culture; English, translations, western clothes, dances and so on. These influences can be checked in Jeolmeun sedaeui baekseo with western style house and Christmas day. These western life styles are understand as the symbol of freedom. On the other hand, characters are affected by negative aspects of the capitalism, so they fell into values of mammonism. These elements are a kind of the influence of the Capitalism and the American culture at that time. Ha Yoo-sang showed negative aspects of the capitalism by defeating the negative characters, Yungisa and Hyeonsu, but Gyeonghui get parents’ permission to get married in spite of a negative character. Moveover, Ha Yoo-sang used English words in Jeolmeun sedaeui baekseo. Ha Yoo-sang knew changes and influences by the Capitalism and the American culture in late 1950’s, so he displayed these social phenomena. However he fell into the ambivalence of the Capitalism and the American culture because he had a popular tendency.

1950년대 이용찬의 작가 의식과 형식 실험 연구

이승현(Lee, Seung-hyun) 한국어문학회 2013 語文學 Vol.0 No.121

Lee Young-chan is well known by his drama Gajok(the Family). He focused on a family and it’s difficulties. He believed that family’s difficulties could are solved by family’s affection. However, his idea of family has a huge problem. It is that his concept of family is based on the patriarchy and the anti-communism. Due to the patriarchy, women who have become others appear from his dramas, so Lee Young-chan’s idea of family can not be completed perfectly. Futhermore, his idea of family is linked with idea of nation and people. Lee Young-chan said that people work for nation not only their families. This his idea is involved in the anti-communism. In the 1950s, the anti-communism is ideology of nation in Korean. At that time, the president Lee Seung-man used the anti-communism to catch state authority. Consequently, Lee Young-chan did not have the different author consciousness from old generation authors. Therefore, his formal experiments from Gajok, Giro, and Pineun Bamedo Jaji Anneunda have limited value. His formal experiments can not express the new generation consciousness, but they can be utilized to overcome the limits of Realism’s time and space.

분리형 부재 옹벽 설계 프로그램 개발

이승현,윤찬영,Lee. Seung-Hyun,Yune. Chan-Young 한국방재학회 2011 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.11 No.5

본 연구에서는 지압형 보강재를 갖는 분리형 부재 옹벽의 설계에 있어 검토해야 할 세부 검토항목을 살펴보고 설계 프로그램을 개발하였다. 분리형 부재 옹벽의 설계시 세부 설계내용은 외적 안정성 검토, 내적 안정성 검토 그리고 국부적 안정성 검토의 세 가지로 대별할 수 있다. 설계 프로그램에 반영된 외적 안정성 검토는 통상적인 옹벽에 대한 검토와 큰 차이는 없다. 내적 안정성 검토에서 고려해야 할 보강재의 인장파괴에 대한 검토와 인발에 대한 검토 세부 사항을 살펴보았고 국부적 안정성 검토에서 고려해야 할 보강재와 전면부재 사이의 연결강도에 대한 검토와 전면부재의 접촉면 사이의 전단강도에 관련한 벌징(bulging)에 대한 검토 세부 사항을 살펴보고 이를 개발된 프로그램에 구현하였다. 또한, 설계 예를 제시하여 입력자료와 검토결과를 나타냄으로써 개발된 프로그램의 이해를 증진시키고자 하였다. In this study, detailed design requirements for segmental retaining wall (SRW) which were concerned with external stability, internal stability, and local stability were investigated and a computer program for designing the SRW was developed as well. There are little differences in the estimation of the external stability between the algorithm of the developed program and the conventional method for the design of the SRW. Methods for accounting tension failure and pullout of the reinforcement were incorporated in the developed program, which were essentials in the internal stability. Methods for accounting the connection strength between a reinforcement and a facing block and for accounting the bulging concerned with the shear strength of the interface between two blocks were also incorporated in the developed program, which are essentials in the local stability. Design example run by the developed program is presented in order to enhance the knowledge of the developed program.

업무력을 2배높이는 직장인의 6가지 독서습관

이승현,Lee, Seung-Hyun 한국기술사회 2005 技術士 Vol.38 No.1

흙-못치기 공법을 적용한 사면의 거동 비교

이승현,Lee. Seung-Hyun 한국방재학회 2011 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.11 No.4

흙-못치기 공법을 적용한 사면에 대해 법면을 숏크리트로 처리한 사면과 프리캐스트 콘크리트 전면판을 적용한 사면의 경우로 나누어 실물 현장시험이 수행되었다. 현장시험결과 얻은 하중-침하곡선을 비교해 볼 때 전면판을 적용한 경우 하중지지능력이 우수함을 알 수 있었다. 현장시험시 재하판에 가해진 총하중에 대해 재하판의 침하양상은 전면판을 적용한 경우 연성기초가 모래지반에 놓이는 경우와 같은 침하분포를 보인다. 숏크리트를 적용한 경우, 재하판의 침하량은 유사한 총하중 수준에서 전면판을 적용한 침하량에 비해 크고 부등침하의 경향도 크다. 전면판 적용시 보강면에 설치한 하중계에 의한 하중분포와 변형률계에 의한 계측결과, 재하판의 침하양상 그리고 경사계에 의한 수평변위양상을 종합적으로 고려해 볼 때 전면판을 적용할 경우 숏크리트를 적용할 때보다 국부적인 변위를 억제하고 보다 넓은 보강면에 하중을 분산시키는 것으로 생각된다. Full scale field load tests were conducted on two kinds of slopes reinforced with soil nail. One of the two slope is the slope with surface treated by shotcrete. The other slope has a surface placed by precast concrete panel. By comparing load-settlement curves, load bearing capacity for the case of pecast concrete panel was bigger than that for the case of shotcrete. Settlemet distribution of loading plate for the case of precast concrete panel was similar to that for the case in which flexible footing lies on sand. Settlement for the case of shotcrete was bigger than that for the case of the precast concrete panel and also was the differential settlement. By considering overall the test data of all the measurements related with load cell, strain gauge, settlement of loading plate and inclinometer, precast concrete panel has the advantage of load sharing in larger area and restriction of local displacement to the shotcrete treated case.

건성안이 있는 이식편대숙주질환에서 사이클로스포린 A 점안치료 후 장기간의 경과관찰

이승현,임성규,우제문,윤경철,Seung Hyun Lee,Seoung Kyu Im,Je-Moon Woo,Kyung Chul Yoon 대한안과학회 2009 대한안과학회지 Vol.50 No.1

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the long-term effect of 0.05% cyclosporine A emulsion (Restasis, Allergan Inc. USA.) on dry eye associated with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Methods: Sixteen eyes of 8 patients with severe dry eye associated with GVHD were treated with 0.05% cyclosporine A emulsion twice a day. Tear film parameters were evaluated before treatment and after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of treatment. Results: One month after treatment, tear break-up time improved from 3.88±1.78 s to 4.17±1.90 s (P=0.02). Three months after treatment, symptom score and basal secretion improved from 3.00±0.38 and 4.44±1.59 mm to 2.33±0.52 (P=0.04) and 5.42±2.50 mm (P=0.04), respectively. Twelve months after treatment, the keratoepitheliopathy score improved from 2.38±1.31 to 1.13±0.35 (P=0.02). Conclusions: Use of a 0.05% cyclosporine A emulsion is effective for dry eye associated with GVHD as it helps to increase tear secretion and to relieve symptoms. Treatment with 0.05% cyclosporine A emulsion for longer than 1 year may be necessary to improve keratoepitheliopathy.

점토지반에 설치된 말뚝의 하중전이 특성

이승현,권오순,Lee,Seung Hyun,Kwon,Oh Soon 한국방재학회 2012 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.12 No.2

점토지반에 설치된 강관말뚝의 축방향 하중전이특성을 파악하기 위해 세 가지 하중전이법을 적용하고 해석을 수행하여 그 결과를 상호 비교하였다. 해석지반은 탄성계수와 비배수강도가 말뚝근입깊이에 대하여 일정한 경우와 비례하는 경우를 고려하였다. 해석을 통해 구한 t-z 곡선을 살펴볼 때 극한단위주면마찰력이 발현되는데 필요한 변위량은 일반적으로 알려진 5~10 mm보다 작은 값을 보였다. 해석을 통해 얻은 하중-침하곡선을 살펴볼 때 말뚝선단에 전이되는 하중은 말뚝머리하중에 비해 상당히 작았으나 말뚝에 있어 뚜렷한 극한지지력 발현과 관련하여 큰 역할을 함을 알 수 있었다. 말뚝의 하중-변위곡선에 있어서의 초기 강성은 말뚝머리 근처 지반의 특성값에 큰 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다. In order to investigate axial load transfer characteristics of a steel pipe pile installed in clay, three kinds of load transfer curves were used for analysis and results of analysis were compared each other. Two kinds of clay were considered for analysis and one of which has constant distribution of elastic modulus and undrained shear strength with depth and the other has linear distribution of those with depth. t-z curves obtained from the analysis show that pile displacements needed to develop maximum skin load transfer are less than the generally known displacement of 5~10 mm. It can be seen from the results of analysis that the amount of load transferred to pile point was small whereas the load transferred to pile point has major effect on the development of ultimate pile load capacity. Initial stiffness of load carrying capacity of a pile was mainly affected by the soil properties near the upper portion of a pile.

Ag층을 이용한 Sn과 In의 무 플럭스 접합

이승현,김영호,Lee Seung-Hyun,Kim Young-Ho 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2004 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.11 No.2

본 실험에서는 Ag 층을 이용한 무 플럭스 접합 공정을 개발하였으며 Ag의 유무에 따른 효과를 관찰하기 위해 In ($10{\mu}m$)과 Sn ($10{\mu}m$)솔더 및 Ag (100 nm)/In과 Ag/Sn 솔더를 thermal evaporation 방법으로 하부 금속층 위에 형성하였다. 접합부의 접촉저항과 전단 하중을 측정하기 위해 쿠폰시편을 제조하였으며 이리한 쿠폰시편은 $130^{\circ}C$에서 0.8, 1.6, 3.2 MPa의 접합압력을 가하여 30초간 접합을 실시하였다. 전단하중과 4단자 저항측정법을 이용하여 접합부의 특성을 분석하였으며 주사전자현미경(Scanning Electron Microscope), EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectrometry)과 X-ray mapping을 통해 접합부를 관찰하였다. 전단하중 측정 결과 0.8 MPa에서는 In-Sn 솔더의 접합이 이루어지지 않았으며 접합압력이 증가해도 Ag/In-Ag/Sn 시편의 전단하중 측정값이 In-Sn 시편에 비해 높게 나타났다. 접합부의 저항감은 $2-4\;m{\Omega}$을 나타내었으며 접합압력이 증가할수록 In-Sn 혼합층이 더 많이 관찰되었다. We utilized Ag capping layer for fluxless bonding. To investigate the effect of Ag capping layer, two sets of sample were used. One set was bare In and Sn solders. The other set was In and Sn solders with Ag capping layer. In ($10{\mu}m$) and Sn ($10{\mu}m$) solders were deposited on Cu/Ti/Si substrate using thermal-evaporation, and Ag ($0.1{\mu}m$) capping layers were deposited on In and Sn solders. Solder joints were made by joining two In and Sn deposited specimens at $130^{\circ}C$ for 30 s under 0.8, 1.6, 3.2 MPa using thermal compression bonder. The contact resistance was measured using four-point probe method. The shear strength of the solder joints was measured by the shear test of cross-bar sample in the direction. The microstructure of the solder joints was characterized with SEM and EDS. In and Sn solders without Ag capping layers were only bonded at $130^{\circ}C$ under high bonding pressure. Also the shear strength of the In-Sn solder joints under was lower than that of the Ag/In-Ag/Sn solder joints. The resistance of the solder joints was $2-4\;m{\Omega}$ The solder joints consisted of In-rich phase and Sn-rich phase and the intermixed compounds were found at the interface. As bonding pressure increased, the intermixed compounds formed more.

광촉매 TiO₂의 황산용액에서의 양극산화전압과 도핑이 광촉매 활성에 미치는 영향

이승현,오한준,지충수,Lee, Seung-Hyun,Oh, Han-Jun,Chi, Choong-Soo 한국재료학회 2012 한국재료학회지 Vol.22 No.8

To compare the photocatalytic performances of titania for purification of waste water according to applied voltages and doping, $TiO_2$ films were prepared in a 1.0 M $H_2SO_4$ solution containing $NH_4F$ at different anodic voltages. Chemical bonding states of F-N-codoped $TiO_2$ were analyzed using surface X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic activity of the co-doped $TiO_2$ films was analyzed by the degradation of aniline blue solution. Nanotubes were formed with thicknesses of 200-300 nm for the films anodized at 30 V, but porous morphology was generated with pores of 1-2 ${\mu}m$ for the $TiO_2$ anodized at 180 V. The phenomenon of spark discharge was initiated at about 98 V due to the breakdown of the oxide films in both solutions. XPS analysis revealed the spectra of F1s at 684.3 eV and N1s at 399.8 eV for the $TiO_2$ anodized in the $H_2SO_4-NH_4F$ solution at 180 V, suggesting the incorporation of F and N species during anodization. Dye removal rates for the pure $TiO_2$ anodized at 30 V and 180 V were found to be 14.0% and 38.9%, respectively, in the photocatalytic degradation test of the aniline blue solution for 200 min irradiation; the rates for the F-N-codoped $TiO_2$ anodized at 30 V and 180 V were found to be 21.2% and 65.6%, respectively. From the results of diffuse reflectance absorption spectroscopy (DRS), it was found that the absorption edge of the F-N-codoped $TiO_2$ films shifted toward the visible light region up to 412 nm, indicating that the photocatalytic activity of $TiO_2$ is improved by appropriate doping of F and N by the addition of $NH_4F$.