저선량 방사선 조사가 배양 세포에 미치는 효과

이송재,장재철,Lee, Song-Jae,Chang, Jae-Chul 대한방사선치료학회 1997 大韓放射線治療技術學會誌 Vol.9 No.1

MDCK 세포를 한국 세포주 은행으로부터 분주 받아 배양한 후 저선량 gamma선 조사에 대한 세포수준에서 방사선 효과를 알아보기 위하여 세포 증식능의 변화, Superoxide dismutase(SOD)와 catalase, FOX I의 함량 변화를 측정 검토하였다. 그결과, 저선량의 방사선를 조사했을 때, 세포의 증식능은 방사선 조사후 2시간에서 10 cGy는 $95.1\%$, 50cGy는 $96.4\%$로 대조군보다 약간의 감소가 나타났으나, 24시간 후에서 10cGy는 $96.7\%$, 50cGy는 $73.1\%$로 선량이 증가함에 따라 세포 증식능은 감소하였다. 저선량 조사에 의한 MDCK 세포의 SOD 활성도는 전반적으로 증가하였고, Mn-SOD 활성 역시 증가하였다. 세포 내의 $H_{2}O_2$의 양을 측정한 FOX I에서 선량이 증가함에 따라 감소하였으며 catalase 효소의 함량은 대조군보다 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 이와 같은 결과로 볼 때 저선량 방사선 조사에 대한 효과는 세포내부의 자체적인 방어기작의 발현으로 인한 결과라고 생각된다. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of cultured MDCK cell line on the cell viability and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD). catalase, change of FOX 1 with low dose radiation. When MDCK cells were irradiated low dose (less than 50 cGy), the cell viability remains high after 2 hrs, but few changes after 24 hrs. In the low dose irradiated MDCK cells, the activities of SOD and catalase were increased with compared to control group and high dose. But the content of $H_2O_2$(FOX 1) was decreased. These results suggest that the cultured MDCK cells probably were induced expression of defense mechanism.

18) 방사선에 의한 제대 혈관내피세포의 apoptosis와 Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor의 억제 효과

이송재,장재철,Lee Song Jae,Chang Jae Chul 대한방사선사협회 1999 대한방사선사협회지 Vol.25 No.1

The response of endothelial cells to ionizing radiation is thought to be an important factor in the overall response of normal tissue. It has been reported that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a potent mitogen for endothelial cells, protects endoth

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibits irradiation-induced Apoptosis in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

이송재,김동윤,Lee Song Jae,Kim Dong-Yun Korean Society for Radiation Therapy 2002 大韓放射線治療技術學會誌 Vol.14 No.1

혈관내피세포 성장 인자(Vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)는 혈관내피세포 특이하게 성장요인으로 작용하는 물질로 알려져 있다. 전리방사선에 대한 혈관내피세포의 효과는 정상조직에 대한 반응에 있어 아주 중요한 요소일 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구는 방사선 조사에 의해 배양시킨 혈관내피세포에서 apoptosis가 유도되는지, 유도가 된다면 VEGF에 의해 apoptosis가 억제되는지 그리고 apoptosis의 억제가 어떤 경로를 경유하는지를 실험하였다. 혈관내피세포에 방사선를 조사한 결과, 대조군에 비하여 선량이 증가함에 따라 apoptosis가 증가하였다. 같은 조건하에서 VEGF는 농도 의존적으로 apoptosis를 억제하였다. Antiapoptotic factor로서 VEGF가 어떤 신호 과정을 경유하는지를 밝히고자, 혈관내피세포에 방사선을 조사하여 apoptosis를 유도하면서 Flt-1과 Flk-1/KDR receptor를 처리하였다. 그결과 VEGF에 유도된 apoptosis 억제효과가 차단되었다. Phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase(PI3-kinase) 특정 억제 물질인 Wortmanin과 LY294002를 방사선 조사한 혈관내피에 VEGF와 함께 처리했을 때 VEGF에 의해 유도된 apoptosis를 억제하였다. 이같은 결과는 VEGF가 방사선 조사로 일어나는 세포 치사를 억제하는 중요한 역할을 담당하며, In Vivo의 실험이 더 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been identified as a peptide growth factor specific for vascular endothelial cells. In this study, we examined the effect of VEGF on radiation induced apoptosis and receptor/second messenger signal transduction pathway for VEGF effect in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). VEGF was found to protect HUVECs against the lethal effects of ionizing radiation by inhibiting the apoptosis induced in these cells by radiation exposure. VEGF (1-30 ng/ml) dose dependently inhibited apoptosis by irradiation. Pre-treatment with Flt-1 and Flk-l/KDR receptor blocked the VEGF-in duced antiapoptotic effect. Phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3-kinase) specific inhibitor, Wortman in and LY294002, blocked the VEGF-induced antiapoptotic effect. These data suggest that VEGF may play an important role in survival of HUVECs due to the prevention of apoptotic cell death caused by some stresses such as ionizing radiation.

Bhattacharyya 커널을 적용한 Centroid Neural Network

이송재,박동철,Lee, Song-Jae,Park, Dong-Chul 한국통신학회 2007 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.32 No.9c

본 논문은 가우시안 확률분포함수 (Gaussian Probability Distribution Function) 데이터 군집화를 위해 중심신경망 (Centroid Neural Network, CNN)에 Bhattacharyya 커널을 적용한 군집화 알고리즘 (Bhattacharyya Kernel based CNN, BK-CNN)을 제안한다. 제안된 BK-CNN은 무감독 알고리즘인 중심신경망을 기반으로 하고 있으며, 커널 방법을 이용하여 데이터를 특징공간에서 투영한다. 입력공간의 비선형 문제를 선형적으로 해결하기 위해 제안한 커널 방법인데, 확률분포 사이의 거리측정을 위해 Bhattacharyya 거리를 이용한 커널방법을 사용하였다. 제안된 BK-CNN을 영상데이터 분류의 문제에 적용했을 때, 제안된 BK-CNN 알고리즘이 Bhattacharyya 커널을 적용한 k-means, 자기조직지도(Self-Organizing Map)와 중심 신경망등의 기존 알고리즘보다 1.7% - 4.3%의 평균 분류정확도 향상을 가져옴을 확인할 수 있었다. A clustering algorithm for Gaussian Probability Distribution Function (GPDF) data called Centroid Neural Network with a Bhattacharyya Kernel (BK-CNN) is proposed in this paper. The proposed BK-CNN is based on the unsupervised competitive Centroid Neural Network (CNN) and employs a kernel method for data projection. The kernel method adopted in the proposed BK-CNN is used to project data from the low dimensional input feature space into higher dimensional feature space so as the nonlinear problems associated with input space can be solved linearly in the feature space. In order to cluster the GPDF data, the Bhattacharyya kernel is used to measure the distance between two probability distributions for data projection. With the incorporation of the kernel method, the proposed BK-CNN is capable of dealing with nonlinear separation boundaries and can successfully allocate more code vector in the region that GPDF data are densely distributed. When applied to GPDF data in an image classification probleml, the experiment results show that the proposed BK-CNN algorithm gives 1.7%-4.3% improvements in average classification accuracy over other conventional algorithm such as k-means, Self-Organizing Map (SOM) and CNN algorithms with a Bhattacharyya distance, classed as Bk-Means, B-SOM, B-CNN algorithms.

방사선을 조사한 혈관내피세포에 대한 Angiopoietin-1의 방사선 방어 기작

이송재,장재철,Lee, Song-Jae,Chang, Chae-Chul 대한방사선치료학회 2000 大韓放射線治療技術學會誌 Vol.12 No.1

Angiopoietin-1(Ang-1) is a vasculogenic factor that signals through the endothelial cell-specific Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase. We examined the effect of angiopoietin-1(Ang-1) on radiation-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECS) and receptor/second messenger signal transduction pathway for Ang-1's effect on HUVECs. The percent of apoptotic cells under control condition(0Gy) was $8.2\%$. Irradiation induced apoptosis was increased in a dose(1, 5, 10, and 15Gy)- and time 12, 24, 48 and 72hr)-dependent manner. The percent of apoptotic cells was approximately $34.9\%$ after 15 Gy of irradiation. Under these conditions, pretreatment with Ang-1's (50, 100, 200, and 400 ng/ml) inhibited irradiation-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. Two hundred ng/ml of Ang-1 inhibited approximately $55-60\%$ of the apoptotic events that occurred in the 10 Gy-irradiated cells. Pre-treatment with soluble Tie2 receptor, but not Tie1 receptor, blocked the Ang-1's antiapoptotic effects. Phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (P13-kinase) specific inhibitor, wortmanin and LY294002, blocked the Ang-1-induced antiapoptotic effect. Ang-1 promotes the survival of endothelial cells in irradiation-induced apoptosis through Tie2 receptor binding and P13-kinase activation. Pretreatment of Ang-1 could be beneficial in maintaining normal endothelial cell integrity during irradiation therapy.

전리 방사선 조사에 의한 마우스 배양 악하선 세포의 변화

이송재,Lee, Song-Jae 대한방사선치료학회 1990 大韓放射線治療技術學會誌 Vol.4 No.1

본 연구는 악하선 세포를 배양하고 전리 방사선을 조사하여 배양 세포의 DNA 합성능의 변화와 염색체의 구조적 이상을 연구하였다. SG세포는 DME배지에 $10\%$ FBS와 항생제, fungizone등이 첨가된 배양액에 배양하였다. 배양 악하선 세포에 대한 전리 방사선의 조사는 선량별로 $^{60}Co$ gamma선원을 이용하여 (dose rate 58.4 rad/min)실시하였다. 배양세포의 DNA 합성에 관한 방사선의 효과는 $^{3}H-TdR$의 동조율(incorporation)을 측정하여 평가하였다. 전리 방사선에 의하여 유발된 배양 악하선 세포의 염색체 이상을 관찰하기 위한 염색체 표본제작은 일반적으로 널리 사용되고 있는 방법에 따랐으며, 제작된 슬라이드는 Giemsa염색액으로 단염색 하였다. 본 실험에서 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 배양 악하선 세포의 DNA 합성능은 전리 방사선의 양이 증가함에 따라 그 합성능이 감소하였다. 2. 방사선 조사후 배양2일째에 그 DNA 합성능이 회복되었다. 3. 본 연구에 나타난 염색체 이상은 염색체 절단(single break과 double break), 결손, triradius등이었으며 polyploid도 관찰되었다. 4. 전리 방사선에 의해 유발된 염색체 이상은 선량의 증가에 따라 그 발생빈도 역시 증가되었다. The present study was undertaken to investigate effects of ionizing radiation on DNA synthesis and chromosomal abnormality in cultured submandibular gland(SG) cells. SG cells from C57BL/6N Crj mice were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DME) supplemented with $10\%$ fetal bovine serum, antibiotics and fungizone. The cultured SG cells were irradiated with graded doses of gamma ray ($^{60}Co$) at a dose rate of 58.4rad/min. The effect of irradiation of $^{60}Co$ on DNA synthesis in cultured cells was evaluated by measuring the incorporation of 3H-TdR. Using conventional chromosome techniques and Giemsa staining methods, chromosomal abnormalities in cultured SG cells, induced by irradiation of $^{60}Co$ werw examined. Cytological observations were carried out by a light microscope with high resolving power. The results obtained were as follows : 1. DNA synthesis of SG cells was quantitatively dependent on a radiation dose compare to control. 2. A polyploids and few chromosome-type break, such as single and double breaks, deltions and triradial figures were more predominantly in irradiated SG cells than in control. This increase of chromosomal abnormality was in the proposition to the irradiation doses.

중소주택건설업체의 사업계획물량에 영향을 미치는 기업내부요인

이송재(Lee, Song-Jae),장희순(Jang, Hee-Soon),방경식(Bang, Kyung-Sik) 한국주거환경학회 2012 주거환경(한국주거환경학회논문집) Vol.10 No.3

Since small and medium-sized housebuilding companies mostly have a small capital scale, they are more likely to be bankrupt when failing a unit project, and depending on the pros and cons of a project plan, they are doomed to fail or succeed in many cases. Besides, since all the housebuilding companies tend to have different enterprise internal factors from each other, they have various different plans even in the stage of establishing project plans, further showing a different competitiveness and feasibility from each other. Especially in the company management, enterprise internal factors work as an important variable in exposing a company's characteristics and determining its project achievements. Thus, by selecting enterprise internal factors affecting small and medium-sized housebuilding companies' project plans as an explanatory variable, this study aims to analyze which factor has how much effect on their project plans. As an analysis target, this study selected 221 small and medium-sized housebuilding companies having established project plans over twice for the past 5 years, and carried out a regression analysis on them. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the factors have the most effect in the following order; Whether to Have a Sideline > Location > Capital > Office Size. Firstly, it was found that when only focusing on housing projects without participating in the construction industry as a sideline, small and medium-sized housebuilding companies reflect more housebuilding quantity on their project plans. Secondly, housebuilding companies located in local areas were found to reflect more housebuilding quantity on their project plans than those located in the seoul area. Thirdly, housebuilding companies with a larger capital scale and a wider office size were found to reflect more housebuilding quantity on their project plans. Accordingly, the following two points should be paid attention to stabilize the housing supply market. One is to devise a measure in the aspect of institution so that housebuilding companies, which are located in local areas and don't have a sideline, may stably focus on housebuilding. The other one is for small and medium-sized housebuilding companies to have a better business capability by reinforcing enterprise internal resources such as capital for themselves.

서울 화계사 塔圖 목판의 판각과 유통

李松宰(Lee Songjae) 미술사연구회 2021 미술사연구 Vol.- No.40

Hwagyesa Temple has three pieces of gigantic woodblocks, in which muti-story pavison shape was carved. These form of woodblocks were totally different form <Geumganggyeongtapdo(金剛經塔圖) woodblock>, whose appearance is muti-story pagoda. Inside of muti-story pavison woodblocks Buddhist scriptures were inscribed. These ‘Tapdo (塔圖)’ woodblocks seem to a new form, by which scriptural and visual representation of Buddha words are mutually integrated. Currently, sixteen pieces of tapdo woodblocks are left nationwide. Most of this tapdo woodblocks were carved and enshrined in Seoul and Gyeonggi province temples. Bowol Jeonggwan (普月 正觀), Bogwang Bowon (葆光 普圓), Indam Seongwol (印潭 性月), all of whom were male lay people, grhapati, participated as patrons or scribes for rendering <Geumganggyeongtapdo woodblock>(1871), <Wontonggungjeontapdo (圓通宮殿塔圖) woodblock>(1873), <Birojanajangeomjangdaenugaktapdo (毘盧遮那莊嚴藏大樓閣塔圖) woodblock>(1873). All of these woodblocks seem to become master copies for this kind of woodblocks. Later, tapdo woodblocks tend to add small seated Buddha images and lotus pedestal by which ornamental elements became more richer. These unique activities were closely related to the Buddhist publishing trend in the 18th and 19th centuries. Although majority of temples nationwide were economically difficult due to the burden of tax at that time, some temples in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province were thought to have maintained their economic base by gaining the royal family support. If we considering the Buddhist publication movement in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province temples, publishing activities led by grhapati members can be pointed as a noticeable feature of this period.

중소주택건설업체 의사결정 특성

이송재(Lee, Song-Jae),장희순(Jang, Hee-Soon),방경식(Bang, Kyung-Sik) 한국주거환경학회 2013 주거환경(한국주거환경학회논문집) Vol.11 No.1

As small and medium-sized housebuilding companies tend to make an investment in a single project with their utmost effort, they are more likely to be exposed to financial risks. These small and medium-sized housebuilding companies make decisions more frequently than large-sized companies because of their short-term projects, which usually last 3 to 5 years and unexpected fluctuations in social and economic environments. Unfortunately, whenever they make wrong decisions, they are highly vulnerable to financial damages or, even, bankrupts. However, more and more small and medium-sized companies with low stability are frequently entering new business fields at the risk of getting liquidated. Therefore, it was necessary to conduct a research about this unexplored field, which, in fact, deserves much more attention from experts. And find out solution for small and medium-sized housebuilding companies. This study aims at analyzing the decision-making characteristics of small and medium-sized housebuilding companies by investigating their decision-making process and its main factors. It is especially focused on identifying the source of their advices or opinions for CEOs, their use of information, ways of dealing with financial crisises when the feasibility gets lower, whether they themselves think their competitiveness is weak, and methods and places they raise funds from. Through these surveys, this study finds out significant variables related with the successful decision making of small and medium sized companies. The result of this analysis states as follows; Firstly, CEOs make decisions by taking outside experts" advice and opinions, such as appraisers, which make CEOs" views quite noticeable. Furthermore, small and medium-sized housebuilding companies tend to have path dependence because decisions mostly depend on CEOs" intuition. Their attempt to consider other companies" methods of business in the aspect of using information and data should be more encouraged. In addition, in the aspect of feasibility, they tend to have sunk cost fallacy as they carry out projects grudgingly for the sake of interest of expenses spent on housing sites, although their business environments become worse. Moreover, they have difficulties in raising funds and further carrying out projects because raising fund is quite hard in the aspect of competitiveness. They also think their brand values are low because of their low level of awareness, and these problems can be further explained by the theory of resource-based view. Lastly, in theaspect of raising funds, they use the second banking sector(non-monetary institutions) because it is difficult for them to use the first banking section(monetary institutions), and they mostly raise funds with parcel payments or equity capital. With all the results above, it was found that small and medium-sized housebuilding companies have such a characteristic as immobility of capital, compared to large-sized housebuilding companies.

Screening and optimization of cultivation factors for improving cell growth in transgenic rice cell suspension cultures

Sung-Hun Choi(최성훈),Sang-Yoon Lee(이상윤),Song-Jae Lee(이송재),Ji-Suk Cho(조지숙),Kyoung-Hoon Lee(이경훈),Yong-Il Lee(이용일),Sung-Yeon Joo(주성연),Dong-Il Kim(김동일) 한국생물공학회 2004 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2004 No.4