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고출력 광섬유 레이저용 (18+1)×1 편광유지 펌프 및 신호광 결합기 제작 및 출력 특성
이성헌,김기혁,양환석,조승용,김선주,박민규,이정환,Lee, Sung Hun,Kim, Ki Hyuck,Yang, Hwan Seok,Cho, Seung Yong,Kim, Seon Ju,Park, Min Kyu,Lee, Jung Hwan 한국광학회 2019 한국광학회지 Vol.30 No.5
본 논문에서는 고출력 광섬유 레이저의 핵심 부품인 펌프광 결합기를 제작하였으며, 고출력 성능시험 장비를 이용하여 출력특성을 측정하였다. $(18+1){\times}1$ 펌프광 결합기는 1개의 신호광 광섬유와 18개의 펌프광 광섬유들로 이뤄진 광섬유 다발, 출력 광섬유와 하우징으로 구성되어 있다. 신호광 광섬유와 출력 광섬유는 편광유지 광섬유를 사용하여 제작하였다. 광섬유 다발의 테이퍼링 길이에 따른 신호광의 손실을 측정하여 테이퍼링 길이를 18 mm로 최적화하였다. 제작된 $(18+1){\times}1$ 펌프광 결합기의 신호광 삽입 손실, 펌프광 투과율 및 편광 소광률은 각각 6.5%, 98.07% 및 18.0 dB로 측정되었다. 18개의 펌프 레이저 다이오드를 이용하여 2 kW의 고출력에서 펌프광 결합기의 온도 분포를 열화상 카메라를 이용하여 측정 및 분석하였다. In this paper a pump combiner, a key component of a high-power fiber laser, was fabricated, and its output characteristics measured using a high-power performance measuring instrument. The $(18+1){\times}1$ pump combiner consists of an optical-fiber bundle of one signal fiber and 18 pump fibers, an output optical fiber, and housing. The signal and output fibers were fabricated using polarization-maintaining optical fiber. By measuring the loss of signal light along the tapering length of the optical-fiber bundle, the tapering length was optimized to 18 mm. Signal-light insertion loss, pump-light transmittance, and polarization extinction ratio of the fabricated $(18+1){\times}1$ pump combiner were measured as 6.5%, 98.07%, and 18.0 dB respectively. The temperature distribution of the pump combiner, at a high power of 2 kW using 18 pump laser diodes, was measured and analyzed using a thermal-imaging camera.
Dexmedetomidine: present and future directions
이성헌 대한마취통증의학회 2019 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.72 No.4
Dexmedetomidine is a potent, highly selective α-2 adrenoceptor agonist, with sedative, analgesic, anxiolytic, sympatholytic, and opioid-sparing properties. Dexmedetomidine induces a unique sedative response, which shows an easy transition from sleep to wakefulness, thus allowing a patient to be cooperative and communicative when stimulated. Dexmedetomidine may produce less delirium than other sedatives or even prevent delirium. The analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine is not strong; however, it can be administered as a useful analgesic adjuvant. As an anesthetic adjuvant, dexmedetomidine decreases the need for opioids, inhalational anesthetics, and intravenous anesthetics. The sympatholytic effect of dexmedetomidine may provide stable hemodynamics during the perioperative period. Dexmedetomidine-induced cooperative sedation with minimal respiratory depression provides safe and acceptable conditions during neurosurgical procedures in awake patients and awake fiberoptic intubation. Despite the lack of pediatric labelling, dexmedetomidine has been widely studied for pediatric use in various applications. Most adverse events associated with dexmedetomidine occur during or shortly after a loading infusion. There are some case reports of dexmedetomidine-related cardiac arrest following severe bradycardia. Some extended applications of dexmedetomidine discussed in this review are promising, but still limited, and further research is required. The pharmacological properties and possible adverse effects of dexmedetomidine should be well understood by the anesthesiologist prior to use. Moreover, it is necessary to select patients carefully and to determine the appropriate dosage of dexmedetomidine to ensure patient safety.
이성헌,Jang Eun-A,Hong Minjae,배홍범,Kim Joungmin 대한마취통증의학회 2023 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.76 No.1
Background: Ramped positioning is recommended for intubating obese patients undergoing direct laryngoscopy. However, whether the use of the ramped position can provide any benefit in videolaryngoscopy-guided intubation remains unclear. This study assessed intubation time using videolaryngoscopy in morbidly obese patients in the ramped versus sniffing positions.Methods: This is a prospective randomized study in patients with morbid obesity (n = 82; body mass index [BMI] ≥ 35 kg/m2). Patients were randomly allocated to either the ramped or the standard sniffing position groups. During the induction of general anesthesia, difficulty in mask ventilation was assessed using the Warters scale. Tracheal intubation was performed using a C-MAC® D-Blade videolaryngoscope, and intubation difficulty was assessed using the intubation difficulty scale (IDS). The primary endpoint was the total intubation time calculated as the sum of the laryngoscopy and tube insertion times.Results: The percentage of difficult mask ventilation (Warters scale ≥ 4) was significantly lower in the ramped (n = 40) than in the sniffing group (n = 41) (2.5% vs. 34.1%, P < 0.001). The percentage of easy intubation (IDS = 0) was significantly higher in the ramped than in the sniffing group (70.0% vs. 7.3%, P < 0.001). The total intubation time was significantly shorter in the ramped than in the sniffing group (22.5 ± 6.2 vs. 40.9 ± 9.0, P < 0.001).Conclusions: Compared with the sniffing position, the ramped position reduced intubation time in morbidly obese patients and effectively facilitated both mask ventilation and tracheal intubation using videolaryngoscopy.
Urinary trypsin inhibitor attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neutrophil activation
이성헌,김휘진,Hui-Jing Han,Mei Li,곽상현,박상희 대한마취통증의학회 2012 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.63 No.6
Background: Urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI), which is speculated to have anti-inflammatory effects, is one of serine protease inhibitors found in human urine and blood. The present study was conducted to clarify the effect of urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) on human neutrophil activation and its intracellular signaling mechanism in vitro. Methods: To assess the possible interactions between UTI and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in neutrophil activation, neutrophils from human blood were incubated with varying concentrations of UTI (1, 10, 100, 1,000 and 10,000 U/ml) plus LPS (100 ng/ml) or LPS alone in 24-well plates (5 × 106 cells/well). We measured protein levels for interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits after 4 hours of incubation period. To elucidate the intracellular signaling pathway, we also measured the levels of phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2 and JNK via Western blot analysis. Moreover, the nuclear levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were determined with electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). Results: UTI decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6, and activation of intracellular signaling pathways, such as JNK, but not P38, ERK1/2 and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Conclusions: UTI can attenuate LPS-induced neutrophil responses and may partially contribute to the treatment of neutrophil-mediated inflammatory diseases.
프랑스어 이동명사의 통사ㆍ의미 속성 연구 - 프랑스어 이동명사의 대상부류 구축 -
이성헌 한국언어학회 2015 언어 Vol.40 No.1
Lee, Seong Heon. 2015. Study of Syntactic and Semantic Properites of the Nouns of <Mouvement> in French : Construction of Their Object Classes. Korean Journal of Liguistics, 40-1, 107-134. This article will build a set of object classes for the nouns of <movement> in French, such as allée, venue, départ, arrivée, mouvement, déplacement, etc., which denote a movement of an objet between two places and which can be formally characterized by the appearance in the following three constructions : (Ⅰ) N0 Vsup Npréd [Prép + Nloc1] [Prép + Nloc2], (Ⅱ) N0 (accélérer + ralentir + freiner) Npréd et (Ⅲ) Npréd (rapide + lent). In so doing, it will be shown that these nouns can be well described, and in particular that their correlation with support verbs and their heterogeneous syntactic and semantic properties can be best explained with the theory of object classes based on two syntactic criteria : appropriate and general operators. (Seoul National University)
이성헌,고길수 한국프랑스문화학회 2019 프랑스문화연구 Vol.43 No.1
Nous présentons dans cette étude notre base de données contenant une grammaire du vocabulaire français de base et une ontologie des situations de son usage qui est conçue en particulier en vue de l’enseignement du français comme langue étrangère et de son évaluation. Pour cela, nous commençons par montrer la nécessité d’élaborer une telle base de données. Nous relevons notamment qu’il manque des listes de vocabulaire dressées de façon systématique selon les niveaux préconisés dans le Cadre européen commun de référence pour les langues (infra. Cadre) ; et nous montrons également qu’il en est de même pour la liste des situations où les Français ou les Francophones utilisent ce vocabulaire. A quoi s’ajoute le problème de la mise en relation de ces situations avec des vocables qui y sont utilisés selon les niveaux de compétence langagière. Cela malgré l’existence des « notions » et « fonctions » proposées dans les référentiels. Ces problèmes provoquent de la difficulté dans l’enseignement du français et aussi dans son évaluation. Ce constat fait, nous montrons comment établir notre liste de vocabulaires français de base et comment établir leur description lexicographique. Ce faisant nous mettons en lumière la pertinence des deux modèles : celle du lexique-grammaire et celle des classes d’objets. Ensuite, nous traitons de notre ontologie des situations d’usage du vocabulaire qui est élaborée sur la base des « notions et fonctions » des référentiels et du modèle des classes d’objets. Enfin, nous terminons en montrant comment notre ontologie intègre les vocabulaires français de base dans les situations où se déroulent les activités langagières. Et cela, tout en montrant son intérêt dans l’enseignement du français et de son évaluation.
프랑스어 발화명사의 통사·의미 속성에 관한 연구 - 프랑스어 발화명사의 대상부류 구축 -
이성헌 한국프랑스어문교육학회 2010 프랑스어문교육 Vol.33 No.-
Notre étude se propose d'établir les classes d'objets des noms de parole en français pour mettre en évidence les propriétés syntactico-sémantiques de ces noms. Nous entendons par noms de parole des noms prédicatifs comme annonce, aveu, critique, dialogue, explication, interview, ordre, proposition, question qui dénote une action de dire et/ou son contenu et qui se caractérisent entre autres par leur apparition dans les construction suivantes : (Ⅰ) Nhum Vsup GNpréd [Ø + à Nhum] [Ø + W], (Ⅱ) Nhum entendre GNpréd et (Ⅲ) Nhum comprendre GNpréd. Nous commençons par soulever les problématiques dans la description des noms prédicatifs de parole qui entourent la mise en lumière de la corrélation entre le nom prédicatif et ses supports ainsi que l'hétérogénéité des propriétés syntactico-sémantiques des noms de parole, ce qui nécessite la notion de classes d'objets. Ensuite, nous présentons la théorie des classes d'objets et leur application à la description des noms. Les classes d'objets, dont la notion est à l'origine conçue pour mieux délimiter le domaine d'arguments lors de la description des prédicats, renvoient à des ensembles de noms sémantiquement homogènes. Elles se caractérisent avant tout par leur méthode de construction : elles sont établies sur la base de critères syntaxiques appelés opérateurs appropriés, et cela à partir de nouveaux traits, ceux-ci étant préalablement définis selon les mêmes principes, autrement dit selon des critères syntaxiques nommés cette fois-ci opérateurs généraux. Pour finir, nous montrons que la construction des classes d'objets des noms de parole confirme tout l'intérêt de cette théorie : cette dernière permet de décrire de façon rigoureuse et systématique les noms de parole et de mettre en lumière leurs propriétés syntactico-sémantiques. 이 글은 프랑스어 발화명사(noms de parole)들의 통사·의미 속성을 기술하기 위하여 이들 명사의 대상부류(classes d'objets)를 구축하는 것을 목표로 한다. 여기서 발화명사는 annonce, aveu, critique, dialogue, explication, ordre, proposition, question 등과 같이 「말하는 행위와 그 내용」을 함께 지칭하는 명사들을 말하고, 대상부류는 어휘의 결합관계라는 통사적 근거에 의해 설정되는 의미적으로 균질한 어휘들의 부류 체계를 말한다. 이들 발화명사는 annoncer, avouer, critiquer, dialoguer, expliquer, ordonner, proposer, questionner 등 동일 어근(racine)을 공유하는 동사들과 형태적 상관관계를 가질 뿐만 아니라, 이들 동사와 마찬가지로 자신의 논항을 선택하고 문장 구성 시에는 그 의미의 핵을 이루는 의미적 술어 기능을 담당한다. 그러면서도, 이 술어 기능이 명사라는 문법범주에 실현됨으로 해서 발화동사들과는 구별되는 통사행태를 보인다. 그런 까닭에, 발화명사들은 발화동사들과의 상관관계 속에서 동일한 비중으로 다루어져야 하며, 그러면서도 술어동사와는 구별되는 술어명사로서의 통사·의미 속성이 정확히 잘 드러나도록 기술되어야 한다. 이를 위해서는 발화명사들을 그 의미유형에 따라 세분하고 그 유형별로 발화명사들의 통사·의미 속성을 기술하는 것이 필요하다. 발화명사로 간주되는 명사들이라고 해서 모두가 동일한 의미속성과 통사행태를 보이는 것은 아니기 때문이다. 뒤에서 보게 되겠지만, 발화행위의 유형에 따라 이를 지칭하는 발화명사들도 서로 다른 언어 속성을 보인다. 우리가 발화명사의 대상부류를 구축하고자 하는 것은 바로 이러한 시각에서이다. 여러 선행연구들에서 드러났듯이, 특정 의미영역의 대상부류를 구축하는 과정이 바로 그 의미영역을 공유하는 어휘들을 그 통사·의미 속성에 따라 부류화하고 그 속성들을 체계적으로 기술하는 과정이기 때문이다. 이러한 입장과 목표 하에, 다음에서는, 먼저 발화명사 연구의 쟁점을 정리하고 이와 관련한 기존 연구들을 비판적으로 검토할 것이다. 이를 토대로 발화명사 연구의 방향을 제시하고, 발화명사의 대상부류 구축이 그에 부합하는 것임을 보일 것이다. 그런 다음, 대상부류 이론에 따라 발화명사 부류를 설정하고, 이에 속하는 명사들의 통사·의미 속성을 근거로 보다 세분된 하위부류들을 구축함으로써 각 부류에 속하는 발화명사들의 보다 고유한 속성들도 아울러 밝힐 것이다.