식물성에스트로겐 작용이 보고된 한약재에 관한 고찰

이선행,김형중,이은주,장규태,Lee, Sun Haeng,Kim, Hyung Joong,Lee, Eun Ju,Chang, Gyu Tae 대한한방소아과학회 2015 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.29 No.2

Objectives Medical plant has a big role in Herbal Medicines, and most medical plant has phytoestrogens. Therefore some estrogenic effects have been reported in a lot of Korean Medicine literature. Phytoestrogens should be used carefully in children. The objective of this study is to identify reported phytoestrogenic effects in Herbal Medicines and to evaluate the characteristics of the phytoestrogens in Herbal Medicines. Methods A literature search was done with using 8 databases with a limit of reports until 12/31/2013. The estrogenic effects were summarized by each individual Korean Medicine. The frequency of the phytoestrogens was also investigated depending on the Korean medical categorization by the treatment effect. Results and Conclusions Phytoestrogenic effects were reported in 89 Herbal Medicines. Phytoestrogens were act bidirectionally, and the effect was fairly weak compared to estrogen. Phytoestrogenic effect was variable on different cells and tissues. The most frequent phytoestrogenic effect was in tonifying and replenishing medicinal, the following orders were heat-clearing, exterior-releasing, and blood-activating and stasis-dispelling medicinal. Phytoestrogens were not reported in dampness-resolving, digestant, orifice-opening, emetic medicinal.

삼구첩(三九貼)에 관한 문헌적 고찰 - 중의학 잡지를 중심으로 -

이선행,김초영,장규태,Lee, Sun Haeng,Kim, Cho Young,Chang, Gyu Tae 대한한방소아과학회 2012 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Objectives: The Samguchup is a plaster therapy in winter to prevent and treat diseases occurring frequently in the winter. Studies on samguchup published in China were analyzed for our study in order to utilize in Korea. Methods: 15 studies with keywords such as 'Sanjiutie' or 'Dongbingdongzhi' published in CAJ (China Academic Journal) until July 31, 2012 were compared, in terms of clinical effects, herbs, acupoints, attatching time, and accompanying treatment. Results: Treatment rate ranged from 65% to 92.65%, in recurrent respiratory infection, cough, allergic rhinitis, asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sleep apnea, and rheumatic arthritis. The herbs used more than 5 times were Semen Sinapis Albae, Herba Asari, Ginger juice, Radix Kansui, and Rhizoma Corydalis. The acupoints used more than 5 times were BL13, BL23, GV14, CV17, CV22, and EX-B1. The attaching time were usually 4 hours, but shorter for child. The Sambokchup, Korean medicine, moxibustion on ginger, drug(western medicine), injection, and inhalation were used as accompanying treatment. Conclusions Appropriate use of Samguchup is necessary to treat or prevent diseases in winter.

소아(小兒)의 한약 복용 순응도와 영향 요인

이선행,장규태,Lee, Sun-Haeng,Chang, Gyu-Tae 대한한방소아과학회 2010 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.24 No.3

Objectives: Compliance of herbal medicine is extremely important in Korean oriental medicine, since herbal medicine is main approach to the most of outpatients in Korean pediatrics. The more compliant to the medication, the more effective care is given to children. Thus, we conducted this research to evaluate the compliance of herbal medicine, and factors associated with compliance in children. Methods: 61 children (men 28, women 33) were participated who visited the Korean Oriental Medicine Department in university hospital for two weeks. We used Morisky's self-reported questionnaire which is consisted of four questions. Also, we checked medical records and researched respondent to acquire more factors. We defined as a "full compliant" if answers were 'No' to all of the questions. We analyzed the compliance and associated factors with Pearson's $x^2$-test and Fisher's exact test, and Spearman correlation coefficient. Compliance and associated factors were analyzed with linear regression. Results: Compliance of herbal medicine was not related to respondent, and 34 children (55.7%) were non-compliant. The best compliant type of herbal medicine was granule medication (p=0.046). However, there was no relationship between compliance and age, sex, sibling, purpose of medication, period of disease, frequency of medication, and medication duration. The age, frequency of medication, medication duration, and purpose of medications(period of disease) had correlation(p<0.01). Also, older children tended to forget to take herbal medicine(p=0.004). Conclusions: Over an half of the total subjects (55.7%) were non-compliant, so we should improve compliance of herbal medicine. Since granule form of medication was shown to have the best compliance, we should try to use granule form of medication instead of liquid medications. Also, we can also improve compliance with giving attention to the patients, especially older children in order to improve their compliance.

한국어판 아동식습관 설문지를 사용한 식욕부진 소아의 식욕 개선 평가

이선행,김초영,장규태,Lee, Sun-Haeng,Kim, Cho-Young,Chang, Gyu-Tae 대한한방소아과학회 2012 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Background Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) is a parents-targeted questionnaire to measure eating behavior of children, developed in United Kingdom and verified validity and reliability in several countries. Validity of Korean version of CEBQ (K-CEBQ) was verified in 2009. Objectives The study was conducted to assess the appetite improvement after herbal treatment in children who have anorexia. Methods The parents of the 26 children(anorexia 11, non-anorexia 15; $79.54{\pm}38.17$ months) who visited one university hospital was surveyed using K-CEBQ from April 2010 to April 2011. It was re-surveyed at intervals of 3 months. Differences between the anorexia group and the non-anorexia group were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test, and comparisons of pre-treatment and post-treatment in anorexia group and non-anorexia group were verified by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results Depends on the presence of anorexia in child, Slowness in eating/Satiety responsiveness (SE/SR), Enjoyment of food (EF), Emotional undereating (EUE) and total scores were significantly different ($p$<0.05). Also, there were significant difference in SE/SR and total scores before and after the herbal treatment in anorexia group (p<0.05), and all scores tended to increase a few. However there were no significant difference before and after the herbal treatment in non-anorexia group, and the scores except for Desire to drink (DD) and Emotional overeating (EOE) were decreased. Conclusions Herbal treatment in children who have anorexia has improved their appetite in terms of eating sensitivity.

삼복첩(三伏貼)의 호흡기 질환에 대한 영향

이선행,김초영,장규태,Lee, Sun-Haeng,Kim, Cho-Young,Chang, Gyu-Tae 대한한방소아과학회 2012 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.26 No.2

Objectives Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days is one of Oriental medical prophylaxis to prevent winter diseases over the summer. The research has been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days. Methods We visited one kindergarten in Dog-Days of 2011, and the subjects were 72 children (38 boys, 34 girls, $58.24{\pm}12.28$ months, 37-105 months). 72 children were attached Socheongo to BL-13, BL-15, BL-17 for 4-6 hours. Exacerbating effect or non-improvement in respiratory symptoms before and after the treatment were nullified. Results 31 children (43.1%) have shown positive effect in Socheongo, with no significant differences among the groups. There were significant improvements in Socheongo group in frequency of having cold, duration and visits; duration under tonsillitis, frequency of having otitis media, duration and visits (P<0.05). Lung weak score also had significant decrease in the three times Socheongo group, from $11.27{\pm}5.61$ to $9.90{\pm}4.66$ (P=0.030). Side effects has been reported in Socheongo group; 7 erythema (9.7%), 2 heating (2.8%), 9 pruritis (12.5%), 2 vesicle (2.8%), 13 scar (18.1%). Conclusions Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days improves lung weak symptoms such as common cold, tonsilitis, and otitis media in children older than three years old, throughout the three times of the treatment. However, the ways to reduce the side effects are needed.

삼복첩(三伏貼)의 영향 요인 및 임상 효과 판정에 관한 예비 연구

이선행,김초영,장규태,Lee, Sun-Haeng,Kim, Cho-Young,Chang, Gyu-Tae 대한한방소아과학회 2011 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.25 No.1

Backgrounds: Sticking warm and hot herbs to acupoint in Dog-Days where the strongest Yangqi takes place, Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days is one of Oriental medical treatment to cure winter diseases in the summer. This treatment is widespread in China and Taiwan, and is becoming popular in South Korea nowadays. Objectives: The research has been conducted to evaluate the influencial factors and efficacy in Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days. Methods: We visited one kindergarten in Dog-Days of 2010, and attached pills which are made of Sinapis Semen(白芥子), Corydalis Tuber(玄胡索), Asari Herba Cum Radix(細辛), Juice of Zingiber Officinale(薑汁) to BL-13(肺兪), BL-15(心兪), BL-17(膈兪) of 56 children for 4-6 hours(34 boys, 22 girls, $52.64{\pm}16.85$ months, 19-78 months). Exacerbating effect or non-significant changes in respiratory symptoms before and after the treatment were ified.. The influentialfactors of efficacy were analyzed by Pearson's $x^2$-test and Fisher's exact test. In addition, the efficacy and satisfaction among once, twice, and three times treatment groups were verified by ANOVA. Results: 27 children (48.2%) were effective, but efficacy felt by parents is 45 cases (80.4%). Sex, perspiration, stool, urine, sleep, cold of hands and feet, cold sensitivity, and frequency of Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days has no relation to efficacy(p>0.05). However, the efficacy is poor in 1 and 2 age(p=0.030). Difference among efficacy of once, twice, and three times treatment groups is not significant(p=0.069), whereas there are linear association in frequency of Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days and efficacy(p=0.030). 36 parents (64.3%) are satisfied with Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days, and we observed significant difference among once, twice, three times treatment groups(p=0.041). 19 parents (33.9%) had been known about Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days, but 53 parents (94.6%) wanted repetition, and 41 parents (73.2%) intended to recommend it to acquaintance. Side effects are minor itching in two cases. Twenty seven participants showed positive effect, and forty five people (80.4%) felt beneficial. Sex, perspiration, stool, urine, sleep, cold hands and feet, sensitivity in cold, and frequency of Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days has no relation to the efficacy(p>0.05). Though the efficacy was poor in one and two year old infants, it was linearly correlated with the frequency count and responses from the treatment (p=0.030). Thirty six participants (64.3%) satisfied with the treatment, and so did the first, second, and third participant groups (p=0.041). Even though, only nineteen participants (33.9%) were familiar with Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days, fifty three participants (94.6%) preferred to repeat the treatment, and 41 parents were preferable to recommend the treatment to others. Side effects of minor itching has been reported in a couple cases. Conclusions: Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days is effective in children older than three year old. The effect would be greater when going through the treatment three times. Based on significant satisfaction, intention of repetition and recommendation, strong promotion on Dog-Days are needed to make a better use of Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days for the effective treatment.

색렌즈의 광투과율에 따른 대비감도 변화

이선행(Lee, Sun-Haeng),이윤정(Lee, Yoon-Jeong),조현국(Cho, Hyun-Gug) 한국산학기술학회 2009 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.10 No.11

본 연구는 착색렌즈의 광투과율에 따른 명소시 대비감도의 변화를 분석하여 색렌즈를 착용할 때 색상에 따 른 적절한 광투과율 기준을 제시하고자 하였다. 정상 시기능을 가진 남자 24명과 여자 13명을 대상으로, 광투과율 80~90%, 60~80%, 43~60%, 30~43%로 착색된 4개의 색렌즈(회색, 갈색, 적색, 녹색)를 순서대로 착용시키고 F.A.C.T. 시표를 이용하여 대비감도 검사를 실시하였다. 검사 결과, 광투과율이 감소될수록 대비감도는 감소되었고, 시감도는 갈색이 가장 높고 적색이 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 대비감도 검사결과를 고려한 색상별 권장 광투과율은 갈색, 회 색과 녹색 38% 이상, 적색 52% 이상인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들로 보아 일상생활에서 눈을 보호할 목적으로 색렌즈를 선택할 때 색상과 그 색상에 적절한 광투과율이 고려되어야 한다. This paper attempted to suggest the standards of light transmittance based on the analysis of the changes in contrast sensitivity of photopic condition according to the light transmittance of tinted lenses. The subjects of the experiment were 24 male and 13 female adults with normal ocular functions. They were asked to wear four tinted lenses (gray, brown, red, and green) in turn. The light transmittance of the lenses were 80~90%, 60~80%, 43~60%, and 30~43%, respectively. Contrast sensitivities were measured by using F.A.C.T. chart. The results showed that contrast sensitivities were decreased in proportion to the decrease of the light transmittance, and visual sensitivity of brown lenses were the highest and that of red lenses were the lowest. The results of the experiments suggested that the light transmittance should be over 38% for brown, gray and green lenses, and over 52% for red lenses. Accordingly the appropriate light transmittance should be considered when tinted lenses are selected for the purpose of eye protection in everyday life.

신생아 황달에 사용하는 혈위에 관한 문헌고찰

이선행(Sun Haeng Lee) 대한모유수유한의학회 2017 대한모유수유한의학회지 Vol.3 No.1

Objectives: Neonatal jaundice is that yellow appears in the skin, mucous membrane, and sclera of newborn. Conventional treatments including phototherapy and exchange transfusion have adverse effects and are expensive. Oral medicine, bath, and enema using herbs, acupuncture, acupressure, and massage are used in complementary and alternative therapies on neonatal jaundice in East Asia. Acupoints used in clinical researches were analyzed in terms of method, effectiveness, and safety. Methods: Literatures published in OASIS and CNKI until September 2017 were searched. Results: The 316 subjects in six articles were analyzed. Acupoints used in more than half the subjects were PC6 (內關), SP9 (陰陵泉), GB34 (陽陵泉), ST36 (足三里), CV12 (中脘), and BL19 (膽兪). They were mainly stimulated by massage for 10-20 minutes, and improved total effective rate and bilirubin level. Adverse events were rare. Conclusion: Acupoint stimulation can be used as complementary and alternative treatment on neonatal jaundice.

범죄형성과정과 심리

이선행(Lee Sun Haeng) 한국범죄심리학회 2006 한국범죄심리연구 Vol.2 No.2

일반논문 : 비용에 대한 정보 비대칭성하에서의 독점규제: 역선택, 도덕적 해이가 있는 모형

이선행 ( Sun Haeng Lee ),류민우 ( Min Woo Ryu ) 한국여성경제학회 2013 여성경제연구 Vol.10 No.1

본 논문은 비용구조에 사적정보를 소유하고 있는 독점기업에 대해 사회적 잉여를 극대화 하는 규제당국의 최적정책 선택에 관한 문제를 다루고 있다. 모형에서 가정하는 정보 비대칭적 상황은 다음과 같은데, 비용구조에 기업의 사적정보인 유형(type)이 존재하고, 규제당국에게 관측되지 않는 기업의 비용절감노력이 가능하도록 하여, 역선택과 도덕적 해이의 두 가지 상황을 모두 상정하였다. 특히 본고에서 사용된 모형은 기업의 비용절감노력이 비용실현에 대한 불확실성까지 제거하는 것으로 가정한다. 기존연구들과 마찬가지로 기업이 자신의 유형을 직접 보고하는 현시게임을 다루며, 정책당국은 회계감사를 통해 사후적으로 총비용을 관측할 수 있다. 따라서 규제당국은 사후적으로 실현된 비용, 사전에 기업에 의해 보고된 유형에 의존하는 징벌함수를 설정한다. 균형에서 기업은 기대총비용을 포함한 일정구간에서 비용이 실현되면 최소 징벌을 받고, 반대의 구간에서는 최대 징벌을 받는다. 즉, 비용이 기대값에 가깝게 실현되면 진실을 보고한 것으로 간주하여 최소의 징벌을 부과하고, 비용이 너무 크게 혹은 너무 적게 실현되면 거짓을 보고한 것으로 간주하여 최대의 징벌을 부과한다. 가격결정은 완전정보가 있을 때의 결과와 같게 나옴으로써 “최선의 방법”(first best)을 달성할 수 있다. 복수의 정보 비대칭적 상황에 직면해 있을 때 적절한 규제수단을 통해 오히려 효율적인 자원배분을 달성할 수 있음을 본 논문의 결과는 보여준다. 또한 이 모형에서는 참여제약조건이 slack라는 가정을 하지 않아도 Baron과 Besanko(1984)에서 언급된 분리결과(separation result)가 자동 성립된다. This paper is to find regulator`s optimal policy which maximizes social surplus when a firm has private information in its cost structure. The problems, adverse selection and moral hazard, were tried to work out by assuming that there is a type as a private information of firm`s cost structure and also, there can be efforts for saving cost which is not possible for regulator to observe. Also, this paper assumes, in this paper, firm`s efforts for saving cost reduce uncertainties of the cost realization by assuming normal distribution on marginal cost of the firm. Like references to the previous researches, using revelation principle, the revelation game which a firm reports its own type was analysed. It is supposed a penalty function set by the regulator relies on ex-post cost and ex-anti reported type first and then, it will regulate the firm. At equilibrium, the firm is penalized with minimal penalty when the cost is realized approximately to the expected total cost. On the contrary, when the cost is too much or less realized regulator penalize maximal penalty as regarding the firm reports a lie. Achievement of model in this paper is that it shows firm`s hidden actions affect variously to the outcomes and also attempts to prove features of the optimal regulating policy.