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만다라를 활용한 집단미술치료가 초등학생의 뇌기능지수에 미치는 효과
이봉화,최선남 한국미술치료학회 2011 美術治療硏究 Vol.18 No.5
본 연구의 목적은 만다라를 활용한 집단미술치료가 초등학생의 뇌기능 지수에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위한 것이다. 연구의 대상은 B시에 위치한 초등학생 4~6학년 24명을 대상으로 실험집단 12명과 통제집단 12명으로 구성하였다. 프로그램의 실시는 주 3회, 각 회기당 90분씩 총 14회기로 진행되었다. 실험집단과 통제집단의 모든 참여자들을 대상으로 프로그램 시작 전과 프로그램 종료 후, 추후에 1대 1로 뇌파검사를 실시하였다. 뇌파 분석은 뇌기능 분석 방법을 사용하였으며 측정도구는 ‘한국 정신과학 연구소’에서 개발한 뉴로 피드백 뇌파 측정기를 사용하였다. 실험집단과 통제집단의 두 집단 간 뇌 기능 지수에 대한 차이를 반복측정 변량분석을 사용하여 증 하였으며, 만다라를 활용한 집단미술치료가 초등학생의 뇌기능 지수 전체와 하위 영역인 자기조절지수, 기초율동지수, 주의지수, 활성지수, 정서지수, 스트레스지수, 좌우 뇌 균형지수 변화에 미치는 효과를 검증한 결과는 다음과 같다. 집단미술치료 실시 전, 후, 추후의 뇌기능 지수 변화량에서 뇌기능지수 전체에서 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 하위영역인 자기조절지수, 주의지수(좌뇌와 우뇌), 활성지수(우뇌), 정서지수에 효과가 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제시한 만다라를 활용한 집단 미술치료가 초등학생의 뇌기능 지수 변화에 효과가 있음을 알 수 있다. This study investigated the effect of group art therapy using mandalas on the brain quotient of elementary school students. The participants of the study were 24 elementary school students in the grades 4 through 6 in the city B. They were divided into the experimental group of 12 and control group of 12. The therapy program was given three times a week, fourteen sessions in all, each session 90 minutes long. Each participant of both groups individually received a brain wave test before and after the program, and later as a follow up. The brain wave measurement was performed based on brain quotient using a neuro-feedback brain wave measuring machine developed by Korea institute of Jungshin Science. Data collected from the experimental and control group were computed on SPSS WIN V.17.0. Repeated measures analysis of variance was computed for a statistical analysis. The brain wave measuring equipment measured brain quotient and its subcategories: Self-regulation quotient, Basic rhythm quotient, Attention quotient, Activation quotient, Emotional quotient, Stress quotient, and Correlation quotient. The measurement showed that the group art therapy using mandalas produced significant difference in the brain quotient. In addition, effects were found in the subcategories such as Self-regulation quotient, Attention quotient(the left and right brain), Activation quotient(the right brain), Emotional quotient. The findings of this study suggest that the group art therapy using mandalas was effective in causing change to the brain quotient of elementary school students.
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직장암에 대한 간괄약근 절제술과 자동봉합기 결장항문 문합술의 비교
이봉화,김종완,장미영,박형철,이해완 대한대장항문학회 2008 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.24 No.2
Local control and functional results of an intersphincteric resection are controversial in Asian, low BMI patients, even though it might a provide a chance to avoid a permanent colostomy. We tried to evaluate the potential risk of an intersphincteric resection, compared with a stapled coloanal anastomosis, in patients with low rectal cancer. Methods: Patients with low rectal cancer, who underwent a intersphincteric resection with a hand- sewn anastomosis (ISR) or a coloanal anstomosis with staples (stapled CAA), were analyzed. Results: From 1999 to 2006, 85 patients were enrolled. The distance between the anal verge and the lower margin of the tumor was 3.4±0.8 cm (range: 2∼5 cm) in the ISR group and 4.9±0.8 cm (range: 3∼7 cm) in the stapled CAA. The mean body mass index was 23 (range: 18∼32). The patients complained postoperatively of intolerable anal incontinence (Kirwan’s class > 2) in 35% of the ISR group and in 9% as the stapled CAA group, (P<0.02). The local recurrence rate was greater in the ISR group (15%) than in the stapled CAA group (2%, P<0.04). There was no significant difference in distant metastasis between the two groups. The disease-free survival rates were 80.8% and 91.2% at three years in the ISR group and the stapled CAA group, respectively. Complications, such as urinary incontinence and sexual dysfunction in male patients, were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions: An intersphincteric resection with hand-sewn anastomosis could be worse than a stapled coloanal anastomosis in function and local recurrence. This may indicate that careful selection is required for a intersphincteric resection even when a stapled anastomosis cannot be applied due to a narrow margin.
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이봉화,강형길 대한외상학회 1996 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.9 No.2
Background: Treatment of perineal burns is complicated by the local bacterial environment and irregular contour anatomically. Purpose: The aim of this study is to know management and adequate treatment for the reduction of complications of perineal burns. Method: Thirty-three patients were included in this retrospective study who were treated by surgical treatment of perineal burns at the department of surgery, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University during 3 years from 1993 to 1995. Result: Age distribution showed that highest incidence of age groups was between one and five years old(10 cases : 30.3%). The most frequent cause of perineal burn was scalding burn(20 cases : 60.6%) and most patients(21 cases: 63.6%) were lesser affected than 20% extent of burn. Depth of burn was mostly between superficial second degree and deep second degree in 11 cases(33.3%) and above third degree in 11 cases(33.3%). Most frequent accompanied burn area was genitalia(17 cases : 51.2%) followed by buttock(13 cases : 39.4%), back(8 cases : 24.2%) and only perianal area was 3 cases(9.1%). Treatment was done that only topical chemotherapy was performed in 15 cases(45.4%), split thickness skin graft in 15 cases(45.4%), full thickness skin graft in 1 case(3.0%), local flap in 2 cases(6.1%). Duration from operation to diet was that 4-5 days in 7 cases(38.9%), 1-3 days in 6 cases(33.3%). The most frequent duration of hospital stay was between 36 and 42 days(14 cases: 42.4%), followed by above 43 days(12 cases 36.4%). Diverting sigmoid colostomy in two cases were performed. Associated diseases were senile dementia(3 cases ' 9.1%), paraplegia(2 cases : 6.1%), seizure(1 case : 3.0%), mental retardation(1 case : 3. 0%), and others. Postburn complications were hypertrophic scar(6 cases : 18.2%), joint contracture(4 cases : 12.1%), urinary tract infection(3 cases : 9.1%), testicular loss(2 cases : 6.1%), anal stenosis(2 cases 6.1%), urethral stricture(2 cases : 6.1%), irritation dermatitis(2 cases : 6.1%), pyoderma(2 cases : 6.1%), impertigo(1 case : 3. 0%). Conclusion: Most of perineal burns are occurred in children or physically hadicapped persons. Therefore, patients with perineal burn wound present a complex array of clinical problem. All peirineal burn wounds should be carefully managed and an aggressive surgical approach is mandatory occasionally.
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