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좌측 이중관 기관지 튜브의 기관지 기낭 팽창량에 관한 연구
이병달,조용상,양미경,신백효,김갑수,김정수 대한마취과학회 1997 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.33 No.5
Background: In using the Double-lumen tube(DLT), knowing the minimum bronchial cuff volume (MCV) for an effective air-tight seal will be useful; to provide a collapse of the lung; and to avoid pressure damage. The aims of the present study are thus three-fold: to measure the MCV; to measure the diameter of left main bronchus(LMBD); and to prove any relationships between two parameters. Methods: One hundred men and forty women who needed intubation of left-sided DLT were enrolled in this study. 37 Fr DLTs were used in male patients, and 35 Fr DLTs were used in female patients. We evaluated the MCV by air bubble method and measured the LMBD in chest PA. We also evaluated the pressure/volume characteristics of the bronchial cuffs by control inflator. Results: 29 patients of 100 patients(29%) exhibited persistent air leakage in 2.5 ml cuff volume in male patients(group of MCV >2.5). On the contrary, 18 patients of 40 patients(45%) did not require any cuff volume in female patients(group of MCV 0). The mean LMD were 13.23 1.45 mm in male and 11.09 0.96 mm in female. There were significant positive correlations between MCV and LMBD in both sex and their respective correlation coefficients were 0.264(P=0.008) in male and 0.484(P=0.002) in female. The equations of linear regression were: LMBD = 12.394 0.429×MCV in male, LMBD = 10.725 0.438×MCV in female. Conclusions: The MCV of the brochial cuffs in left-sided DLTs has significant relationships with the LMBD measured in chest PA. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1997; 33: 849∼857)
신경교 세포의 재관류 손상:칼슘 파라독스 현상과 그 기전
이병달,김명희,신백효,김유홍 대한마취과학회 1996 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.30 No.4
Background: Mechanisms of secondary injury (post-ischemic injury) in the central nervous system have recently reported in a vast of a mount of experiments. Among many factors which give rise to post-ischemic neuronal darnage, glial deterioration probably mediated by calcium paradox, could be another of the aggravation deleterious factors to the already ischemic neurophil. Methods: Here we have designed experiment to investigate calcium paradox in astroglial cell line, human astrocytoma U1242MG. Intracellular calcium alterations in experimental cells were monitored by using calcium indicating dye fura-2 and epifluorescent photometry system. Results: Intracellular free calcium changes during reperfusion phase after exposure to low calcium led to ptrompt increase in intracellular calcium level after 10 and 30 minutes. The was of calcium cntry during the reperfusion phasc was mediated by the reverse mode of Na^+/Ca^2+ exchanger. Cells that had a reduction of reperfusate calcium to 10 uM increased cell viability. Also we observed an inverse relationship between major enzymatic activity in the astrocy toma cells (i.e., glutamine synthetase activity) and the duration of reperfusion in the the same protocols. Conclusion: A relatively small amount of intracellular calcium increase by the reverse mode of Na^+/Ca^2+ exchanger during the reperfusion period is related to limitation of enzyme activity and viability 24 hours later. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1996; 30; 384∼391).
Clonidine 경구 투여가 복식자궁절제술을 받는 환자의 Cytokines와 스트레스 호르몬의 반응에 미치는 영향
이병달,김명희,김진경,신백효,김유홍,박종도,한태형 대한마취과학회 1998 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.35 No.2
Background : Surgery cause alterations in immune and neuroendocrine responses. Cytokines and stress hormones are importanat mediators which modulate the various immune reactions. The aim of present study is to investigate whether clonidine premedication can affect on the concentrations of cytokines and stress hormones in abdominal hysterectomy patients. Methods : Twenty two healthy women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy were randomly allocated to two groups: eleven control patients and eleven clonidine(0.15 mg) pretreated patients. Variations in blood cytokines, Interleukin-1 (IL-1 ), IL-2, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF- ), and stress hormones, cortisol and ACTH were studied. Blood sampling were conducted 4 times in each patient: after induction, after incision, after surgery 1 h and 3 h. Cytokines assays were carried out with commercially available ELISA kits, and cortisol with radioimmunoassay and ACTH with immunoradiometric assay. Results : IL-1 increased early and the concentrations of IL-1 in clonidine treated group were significantly lower than control. The mean concentrations of IL-2 at 1 and 3 h after surgery were slightly higher than after induction in clonidine treated group. IL-6 increased significantly at 3 h after surgery in both groups. Clonidine lowered IL-6 during the whole period. TNF- , and cortisol and ACTH concentraitons were not affected by clonidin. Conclusions : Clonidine pretreatment decreased IL-1 and IL-6 concentrations, but not stress hormones in response to abdominal hysterectomy. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1998; 35: 327∼333)
Dry Sausage 材料의 乾燥에 있어서 溫度와 日光이 그 品質에 미치는 影響
李秉達 東亞大學校 1969 東亞論叢 Vol.6 No.-
本硏究는 Dry Sausage 材料의 乾燥에 溫度와 日光이 豚肉 및 豚脂의 品質에 미치는 影響을 究明하고자 1968年 9月 15日부터 10月30日까지 試驗을 하였는데 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 保存溫度를 6℃, 16℃, 26℃로 區分하여 17日間 豚肉의 水分蒸發量을 測定하였던 바 6℃에서는 16日에 39.91%였고, 17日에 腐敗하였으며, 16℃와 26℃에서는 7日에 腐敗하였다. 2. 乾燥日數에 따른 冷暗所(3∼5℃ 冷藏庫)와 室溫明所(18∼22℃)의 豚脂의 變化는 34日後에 冷暗소에서는 酸價 2.415, 沃度價 54.69, 室溫明所에서는 酸價 3.602, 沃度價 64.34로 高溫과 日光은 豚脂를 惡化하였다. In this study I examined the effects ot temperature and sum-light at drying of dry sausage materials on the qual ty of pork and the Lard. and this was investiga-ted form 15 sept to 30 oct. of 1968. The summarized Results of Research are as follows, 1) I mesured the evaporate Capacity of pork and it was 31.91% the while pork in 16 dags and in 17 dags the pork was putretied. 2) the pork was put retied in 7 dars at temperature of 16℃ and 26℃. 3) the Lard was degenerated in the cold and Dark place(such as ice-box; 3∼5℃), and the acid value of 2.415 the iodime number of 54.69 and in the shining place at the normal temperature the acid value of 3.602 and iodine nimher was 64.34. 4) the Lard was more aed more Deegneratd in the sun-Light place at the high temperature.