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      • 佛敎寺刹의 障碍人 便宜施設 現況과 對策

        이병규 대구가톨릭대학교 사회복지대학원 2000 국내석사

        RANK : 247631

        A survey which is about mainly using religious facility of the disabled shows that temple is 15.4% of total respondent. The Buddhism which has the most believers in korea is the third after Christianity, Catholicism on the matter of visit by the disabled. The Buddhism didn't make such effort to attract the disabled into temple, and the amount of welfare for the disabled occupies only 3.3% of total Buddhism welfare. Temple as the base of Buddhism cures human beings' pain through Buddhism, which is also disciple's practices and seeking for salvation. To teach wisdom and encourage the disabled who suffer from physical and mental disability are the duty of Buddhism, but Buddhism doesn't have convenience facility in temple. In this study, we research and analyze the state of convenience facility for the disabled in the National Parish Headquarters, the representative temple of korea Buddhism Chogyejong and the center of Buddhism administration, and provide basic data to build convenience facility which assists religious work and view of cultural assets for everyone-buddhist, the old and the weak, the pregnant, children, foreigner including the disabled. We visited 22 temples of total 25 National Parish Headquarters of korea Buddhism Chogyejong, inquired 32 items from March 2 to March 13, 2O00, and added telephone survey for insufficient part. Kyongsangdo has 9 Parish Headquarters, which is more than the other provinces and has the most temples under the Headquarters. According to the survey, the number of Headquarters placed in urban or suburb where is easy to access for the disabled is 8 (36.4%) of all, flat-grounded which makes possible move for the disabled is 9 (40.9%), and designed the proper distance, under 300m, from the start of walking to the main hall is 11 (50%). In the survey about convenience facility of Parish Headquarters available for the disabled, there are each one temple with main hal1(4.5%), temples with office, shop of Buddhism goods, 18 temples with entrance (81.8%), 2 temples with kitchen (9.1%), 3 temples with toilet (13.6%), but none with Buddhist nunnery and guideboard. There are also 13 and 2 temples with kitchen and toilet which need some complement. In the survey about the present state of convenience facility in Parish Headquarters, it pointed out 13 temples (59.1%) with the problem of parking lot for the disabled, threshold and entrance, 22 temples (100%) about approach, 10 temples (45.4%) about incline and 6 temples (27.3%) about assistant. We can see that most temples designed for the convenience of management and administration rather than improvement of the disabled's convenience. That causes to build temple which has no convenience facility at all or not available. Here are some measures to build convenience facility for the disabled in Parish Headquarters. One, it is political measures about building convenience facility for the disabled in Parish Headquarters. The convenience facility in Parish Headquarters must target not only the disabled but also the old, the pregnant, children, buddhist, general people or foreigner just to see cultural assets. We should recognize that Parish Headquarters is one of cultural assets which people see and enjoy, and it is also public building not a private building for a certain religion. Besides the number of domestic and foreign tourist will increase if we make it more convenient to see cultural assets. So we should recognize the improvement of convenience facility in Parish Headquarters is a part of cultural business improvement. In order to build convenience facility for the disabled in Parish Headquarters, we need to support needs-survey, design and construction of convenience facility in temple, cost and advertisement by making wide supporting system associated with General Affairs Department of korea Buddhism Chogyejong, Parish Headquarters, believer's group in temple, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Ministry of Culture and Tour, and local self-government. General Affairs Department of korea Buddhism Chogyejong and Parish Headquarters take roles of institutional try to expand convenience facility and activation of Buddhist group of the disabled. They also organize and manage believers of each Parish Headquarters as assistants for convenience, and drive support into temple to build convenience facility. The number of Parish Headquarters charge admission fee is 19 (86.4%). If we devote some of admission fee to build convenience facility , it will be expanded in short time. Two, it is building standard of convenience facility for the disabled in temple. The priority of building convenience facility is the number of user and frequency. So we must build the main hall and toilet first according to the priority, and need to complement partly built-building(kitchen) and make it possible to use. We should build the convenience facility available for the disabled with dynamic concept due to the special characteristics of temple, and need to preserve temple as cultural assets. By doing so, many people, the disabled as well, can visit temple. Three, it is to build convenience facility prior for the disabled in temple. The building of temple which need to build prior is main hall that is the space for worship and main place to view cultural assets. Toilet and kitchen follows after the main hall. The parts of convenience facility needed to build prior were step and incline which also place high rank in the needs-survey of the disabled. There are many steps in temple or between buildings due to the special characteristics of temple, so we need to consider step prior to others. We also need to place assistants prior, and then install Braille block and signal-guided device. Buddhism teaches us that the disabled have just partly physical defect, they also have faith. We all should try to build convenience facility which take roles of the disabled's hand to foot and eye to ear.

      • 商法上 株主議決權에 관한 硏究 : 議決權 制限의 問題點을 중심으로

        이병규 成均館大學校大學院 2008 국내석사

        RANK : 247631

        주주의결권(Vote Right of Shareholder)이라 함은 주주가 주주총회의 의사결정기관인 주주총회에 출석하여 결의에 참가할 수 있는 권리로서, 주주의 재산권자로서의 지위 내지 이익을 확보하기 위하여 회사의 경영에 참여하는 기본적 권리이다. 자본단체이며 전형적인 물적회사인 주식회사는 출자자의 출자에 의하여 그 존립의 기초인 자본을 조달하는 만큼, 출자자인 주주는 회사재산의 소유자로서 출자재산의 관리․운영에 참여하는 것은 당연하다. 따라서 주주총회는 회사재산의 소유자인 주주가 회사재산의 관리나 운영에 참가하도록 하는 법적․제도적 장치이며 주주총회 안에서 행사되는 주주의결권은 주주가 회사재산의 관리나 운영에 참여할 수 있는 법적 보장을 의미한다고 할 수 있다. 또한 주주의결권은 공익권으로서 법에 특별한 한정이 없는 한, 정관 또는 주주총회의 결의로도 이를 침탈하지 못하는 고유권이다. 주주의 평등이라는 대원칙으로부터 출발하여 소수주주의 보호 문제까지 우리의 의결권제도가 가지고 있는 문제는 다양하다. 따라서, 주식회사 운영의 밑거름이 되는 주주의결권제도에 있어서 그 실재를 파악하고, 현재 거론되고 있는 제도 자체의 문제점을 파악하는 일은 현행 기업지배구조가 가지고 있는 문제를 해결 하는데 밑거름이 될 것이라 생각한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 주주의결권 제도가 가지는 문제점을 크게 행사와 제한의 부분으로 나누어 살펴보고 있다. 우선 의결권 행사의 문제에 있어서, 우리나라의 주주의결권 행사 제도는 본래의 기능인 주주의 공익권 행사와 경영진의 감시라는 기능보다는 경영진이 제안한 안건을 추인하는 형식적이고 소극적인 기능으로 전락해 버렸다. 이는 우리의 의결권 제도 장치가 선진국에 비하여 매우 낙후되어 있다는 것을 의미하며 이를 해결하기 위해서는 의결권 행사 절차에 있어서 불필요한 절차를 줄이고 전자적 방법의 의결권 행사를 발전시켜야 할 것이다. 의결권 제한의 문제에 있어서, 우리 상법에서 의결권을 제한하고 있는 형태로는 자기주식의 의결권 제한, 상호보유주식의 의결권 제한, 특별이해관계 있는 주주의 의결권 제한, 감사선임시의 의결권 제한, 무의결권주식의 의결권 제한 등을 들 수 있는데, 이러한 제한에 있어서 대부분의 의결권 제한을 사후적 제한으로 개선해야 할 것이다. 소수주주의 보호라는 관점에서 생각하면 당연히 대주주의 횡포를 사전에 방지해야 하겠지만 이는 시대적 배경에 역행하는 것으로써 우회채널의 발달을 초래해 왜곡된 형태의 소유지분구조를 초래할 수 있으며 국내 기업의 역차별이라는 문제를 발생시킬 수 있는 것이다. 또한 대주주의 긍정적인 기능을 악화시켜 오히려 이해관계자에 의한 기업지배라는 부작용을 초래할 수 있기 때문에 현행 의결권 제한 제도를 재검토하여야 할 것이다. Vote Right of Shareholder, a shareholder's right to attend a general meeting of stockholders, a decision-making body, and participate in decision-making process, is a basic right to participate in a company's management to secure own position or profits as a property holder. A joint-stock company, a capital-centered organization and typical Realgesellschaft, is provided with capital, the basic of existence, through financing by financiers, therefore, it is natural that stockholders, financiers, participate in management and operation of their property financed as an owner of corporate properties. Accordingly, a general meeting of shareholders is a legal and systematic device to have shareholders, owners of company properties, participate in management or operation of the company properties. And Vote Right of Shareholder executed during a general meeting of stockholders means legal guarantee for shareholders to participate in management or operation of the company properties. In addition, Vote Right of Shareholder is unique right that cannot be infringed by corporate regulations or resolutions of a general meeting of stockholders as long as it is not specifically specified in the law as public right. Vote Right of Shareholder of the Korean Commercial Law has various problems from the dominant principle of equality of shareholders to protection of minor shareholders. Accordingly, it is deemed that analyzing practices of Vote Right of Shareholder, the foundation of operating a joint-stock company, and pending problems will become the basics to solve problems of the current corporate governance structure. The current study examined problems of Vote Right of Shareholder by classifying into two; execution and limitation. First of all, as for execution of Vote Right of Shareholder, the Vote Right of Shareholder system of Korea became ruined as perfunctory and passive function ratifying bills proposed by a management team rather than its original functions such as execution of shareholders' public right and supervision of the management team. This means Korea's Vote Right of Shareholder system is far behind advanced countries. And it is required to reduce unnecessary procedure for execution of Vote Right of Shareholder and develop electronic execution of Vote Right of Shareholder in order to improve it. As for restriction of Vote Right of Shareholder, the Korean Commercial Law restricts Vote Right of Shareholder in the forms of restriction of Vote Right of Shareholder for own shares, restriction of Vote Right of Shareholder for jointly-owned shares, restriction of Vote Right of Shareholder of a shareholder with special interest, restriction of Vote Right of Shareholder at a time of appointment of an audit, restriction of Vote Right of Shareholder for non-voting shares, etc. It is the researcher's position that most of these restrictions for Vote Right of Shareholder should be applied after the fact. Even though the despotism of large shareholders should be prevented in advance when considering protection of small shareholders, may cause distorted equity structure by developing circuitous channels and reverse discrimination of domestic companies by going against the trend of the times. In addition, it may cause a side-effect of corporate governance by interested parties by deteriorating positive functions of large shareholders, therefore, the current Vote Right of Shareholder restriction system should be reviewed.

      • 단일 고선량 방사선 조사 후 Calcium channel blockers가 백서의 정상 뇌 조직에서 세포자멸사에 미치는 영향의 비교

        이병규 고려대학교 대학원 2001 국내박사

        RANK : 247631

        Radiation therapy, especially high dose irradiation, is very commonly used as a adjuvant therapy for the treatment of brain tumors. High dose irradiation induced not only radiation necrosis but also apoptosis. Several gene products are involved in the apoptosis such as p53, bcl_(2), bax. The clinical symptoms and signs after irradiation might be related to post-radiation changes including radiation necrosis and apoptosis. Calcium ion was known to play vital role in the signal transduction as well as apoptosis. So, calcium channel blockers could lower the intracelluar calcium ion concentrations and apoptosis might be modulated by lowering the intracellular calcium concentrations using Ca^(++)-channel blockers. This study was undertaken to investigate the protective effect s of Ca^(++)-channel blockers on radiation-induced apoptosis. One-hundred twenty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four experimental groups; Control (non-treated, n=32), Nicardipine-treated(1.2mg/kg, n=32), Nimodipine-treated (0.5mg/kg, n=32), Verapamil-treated (2.5mg/kg, n=32). After drug administered, the right hemisphere of rats was irradiated to a single dose of 10 Gy with gamma rays using Ir-192. All brains underwent histological examination at 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after irradiation to evaluate cortical thickness and number of apoptotic cells. Apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL assay and were determined by direct visual counting at magnification of x200. In nimodipine-treated group, apoptotic cell count was reduced significantly, compared to that of control(non-treated), nicardipine, and verapamil-treated groups at 8 weeks after irradiation(p<0.05). The cortical thickness was not reduced significantly in nicardipine, and nimodipine-treated groups, compared to that of control and verapamil-treated group(p<0.05). These results suggest that Ca^(++)-channel blocker, especially nimodipine, may have protective effects on radiation-induced apoptosis and necrosis.

      • 통계화된 밀도 정보를 이용하여 네트워크 통신 비용을 감소시키는 cloaking영역 생성 기법

        이병규 서강대학교 대학원 2012 국내석사

        RANK : 247631

        Location information anonymizing scheme for protect users’ location information on previous Location Based Service can be classified into centralize scheme that uses third party and distributed scheme that uses peer to peer network between users. Existing environment that uses feature phone suitable to use centralize scheme because service providers or device manufacturers manage applications by the policy of telecommunication companies. However because environment is changed to use smart-phones that use App store, the risk of exposure for users’ personal information is increased. Because of this, users must be managing their personal information directly, necessity of decide degrees about information exposure by users’ own decision and new scheme is needed. In this thesis, we show requirements for protect users’ location information on Location Based Service and compare with previous scheme to show how to meet requirements. In addition, we propose new scheme that generate Cloaking area based on statistical information encrypted density to settle network cost due to collect users’ location information, bottleneck and single point of failure that is structural problem of centralized scheme and to solve the problem of distributed system that cannot be implemented. From this proposed scheme, users can manage degree of information protection directly when they use Location Based Service. Also we shows proposed scheme is more efficient then previous schemes. We implement a virtual service structure for Android platform environment that shows this proposed scheme can be serviced on real world. From this implementation we shows decreasing network cost that uses less number of communication compared with existing schemes for location information updates and reducing burden to collect location information of users and servers. Also we compare accuracy of Cloaking area between existing scheme and proposed scheme. 기존의 위치기반 서비스에서 사용자의 위치정보를 보호하기 위한 위치 정보 익명화 기법은 크게 신뢰할 수 있는 제 삼자를 두는 중앙 집중형방법과 각 사용자들간의 Peer to Peer통신을 이용하는 분산처리형 방법으로 나눌 수 있다. 기존 피쳐폰 환경에서는 통신사의 관리체계하에 서비스 제공업체나 기기 제조업체가 응용 서비스들을 관리해 왔기 때문에 중앙집중형 방법이 적합하였다. 그러나 스마트폰의 등장과 원하는 서비스를 마음대로 제공받을 수 있는 앱스토어의 출현으로 변화한 오늘날의 환경에서는 사용자의 개인 정보에 대한 노출 위험 역시 커지게 되었다. 이로 인해 사용자들이 직접 자신의 개인정보를 관리하고, 정보 노출 정도를 결정할 수 있도록 해야 하는 필요성이 증가함에 따라, 새로운 기법이 필요하게 되었다. 본 논문은 위치기반 서비스에서 사용자의 위치 정보를 보호하기 위해 필요한 요구사항들을 정리하고, 기존에 연구되었던 기법들을 비교 분석하여 앞에서의 요구사항을 얼마나 충족하는지에 대하여 살펴본다. 또한 중앙집중형 방법의 구조적 문제점인 병목현상(Bottleneck)이나 단일고장점현상(Single Point of Failure)과 사용자의 위치 정보 수집으로 인한 네트워크 비용을 해결하고, 현재 구현이 불가능한 분산처리형 방법의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 시간대별로 통계화된 밀도 정보를 기반으로 Cloaking영역을 생성하는 기법을 제안한다. 그리고 사용자들이 위치기반 서비스를 이용함에 있어서 사용자가 자신의 정보 보호 정도를 직접 설정하고 기존의 기법보다 더 효율적으로 사용자의 위치정보를 보호할 수 있음을 보였다. 가상 서비스의 구조를 실제 안드로이드 플랫폼 환경에 구현하여 기존의 기법에 대비하여 제안 기법이 실제로 서비스 실행 가능한지 여부를 보였다. 실험을 통하여 기존 기법의 위치정보 업데이트에 대한 통신 횟수를 줄여 사용자의 네트워크 통신 비용을 감소시키고, 사용자와 위치정보 수집을 위한 서버의 부담이 감소되었음을 보였다. 또한 기존의 기법으로 생성된 Cloaking영역의 정확도와 제안 기법으로 생성된 Cloaking영역의 정확도를 비교한다.

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