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알루미늄 기반 Advanced Multi-Material 기술의 선진 동향
이목영,정성훈 대한용접접합학회 2016 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.33 No.5
Global warming is hot issue to keep the earth everlastingly. Despite the increase of the world population and the energy demand, the world oil supply and the oil price are hold the steady state. If we are not decrease the world population and the energy consumption, unforeseeable energy crisis will come in the immediate future. AMT acronym of Advanced Materials for Transportation is a non-profitable IEA-affiliated organization to mitigate the oil consumption and the environment contamination for the transportation. In recent, Annex X Multimaterials Joining was added to enhance the car body weight reduction cause the high fuel efficiency and the low emission of exhaust gas. Multi-materials are the advanced materials application technology to optimize the weight, the performance and the cost with the combination of different materials such as Al-alloy, Mg- alloy, AHSS and CFRP. In this study, the trends of AMT strategy and Al-alloy based multi-materials joining technology were review. Also several technologies for Al-alloy dissimilar joining were investigated.
우리나라 먹는물의 크립토스포리디움에 의한 건강위해도 평가 연구
이목영,박상정,조은주,박수정,한선희,권오상,Lee, Mok-Young,Park, Sang-Jung,Cho, Eun-Joo,Park, Su-Jeong,Han, Sun-Hee,Kwon, Oh-Sang 한국환경보건학회 2013 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.39 No.1
Objectives: Cryptosporidium, a protozoan parasite, has been recognized as a frequent cause of waterborne disease due to its extremely strong resistance against chlorine disinfection. Although there has as yet been no report of a Cryptosporidium outbreak through drinking water in Korea, it is important to estimate the health risk of Cryptosporidium in water supply systems because of the various infection cases in human and domestic animals and frequent detection reports on their oocysts in water environments. Methods: This study evaluated the annual infection risk of Cryptosporidium in tap water using the quantitative microbial risk assessment technique. Exposure assessment was performed upon the results of a national survey on Cryptosporidium on the water sources of 97 large-scale water purification plants in Korea, water treatment efficacy, and daily unboiled tap water consumption. The estimates of the US Environmental Protection Agency on the mean likelihood of infection from ingesting one oocyst were applied for effect assessment. Results: Using probabilistic methods, mean annual infection risk of Cryptosporidiosis by the intake of tap water was estimated to fall within the range of $2.3{\times}10^{-4}$ to $1.0{\times}10^{-3}$ (median $5.7{\times}10^{-4}$). The risk in using river sources was predicted to be four times higher than with lake sources. With 0.5-log higher removal efficacy, the risk was estimated to be $1.8{\times}10^{-4}$, and could then be lowered by one-third. Conclusions: These estimations can be compared with acceptable risk and then used to determine the adequacy and priority of various drinking water quality strategies such as the establishment of new treatment technology.
환경수 중 크립토스포리디움 오시스트 및 지아디아 시스트 검출의 정확도 및 회수율 향상을 위한 연구
이목영,조은주,김도연,변승헌,이의광,오세종,안승구 한국미생물학회 2003 미생물학회지 Vol.39 No.1
환경수 중 크립토스포리디움 및 지아디아 분석방법은 현재 어떤 방법도 만족할만한 민감도, 특이도, 재현성을 인정 받지 못하고 있어, 다양한 형태의 정도관리 및 수행도 평가가 요구되고 있다. 본 연구는 1623방법(USEPA :Method 1623)을 사용해 한강 지표수에 대한 크립토스포리디움 및 지아디아 접종시험과 현장시료 동시분석시험에 기초하여, 환경수 중 이들의 존재여부와 농도를 측정함에 있어 분석결과의 정확도 및 신뢰도, 그리고 회수율에 미치는 영향요인을 검토하였다. 1623방법에 의한 결과, 평균적으로 한강 지표수시료에 존재하는 크립토스포 리디움의 46%와 지아디아의 60%를 검출할 수 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 각각의 회수율 범위가 13-73% 및 28-84%로 변이가 매우 커서 실제 환경 중 두 원생동물의 농도를 결정하기 위해서는 반복측정 및 통계학적 인 접 근이 수반되어 야 할 것으로 나타났다. 또한 IMS (immunomagnetic separation)중 산첨가에 의한 해체·분리과정을 1 회 더 반복함으로써 지표수시료에서의 총회수율의 약 10%를 향상시킬 수 있었으며, flow cytometry로 계수·준비된 (오)시스트((oo)cysts)를 정도관리에 사용할 경우 보다 신뢰할만한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 형광항체 및 DAPI염색은 현장시료특성 이나 전 처리과정에 따라 동일하지 않은 형광특징을 보인 바, 접종 된 현장시료 정제액에 대한 염색결과도 참조되어야 하며, 환경시료에는 다양한 비특이물질이 함유되어 있어 DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) 염색 및 DIC(Differential Interference Contrast)에 의한 내부구조 관찰이 최종 동정기준이 되어야할 것으로 나타났다. No currently available methods to monitor pathogenic protozoa, Cryptosporidium and Giardia in environmental water come close to acceptable sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility, and so it has to be accompanied by thorough quality control and performance evaluation to credibly predict the distribution of them. We collected surface water samples from the Han River and spiked our prepared (oo)cysts, determined Matrix Spike recoveries using USEPA Method 1623 and considered what factors influence MS recovery and validity. As a result, average 46% of spiked oocysts and 60% of spike cysts were recovered, but repetitive sampling and statistical approach seemed to be necessary to determine the environmental pollution level of two protozoa as their variation coefficients was so much as 35oio and 26%. And MS recoveries with two acid dissociations during immunomagnetic separation were improved more 10% than that with one dissociations and the use of spiked suspension enumerated by flow cytometry instead of manual preparation enhanced the validity and reliability in spiking tests. Because fluorescence characteristics of (oo)cysts stained on well slides with FITC-labeled monoclonal antibodies and DAPI was not always same, well Elides from spiked field samples were helpful to evaluate the performance of staining. We found many (oo)cyst-like objects with typical fluorescence, not (co)cysts, from the Han River water samples, and then it was concluded that nuclei staining by DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) and examination by Differential Interference Contrast Microscope should be critical for valid identification.
스캐너를 이용한 AZ31 극박판재와 AZ91D 다이캐스팅 프레임의 고속레이저용접
이목영,서민홍,Lee, Mok-Young,Seo, Min-Hong 한국레이저가공학회 2015 한국레이저가공학회지 Vol.18 No.1
High welding speed and narrow weld seam are favorable for welding of magnesium alloy. Magnesium alloy is recommended for the smart frame because it has several advantages such as low density, high thermal conductivity, EMI shielding capability and good cast ability. This study is for the assembly welding of the magnesium smart frame with high productivity, good performance and low cost. The window for battery on AZ91D frame produced by die-casting was prepared by CNC machining. Corresponding AZ31 blank of 0.2mm thickness was prepared by die-blanking cut. All system set was fixed at the stationary bed but the laser beam was manipulated by scanner up-to 1,000mm/s speed. The weld joint between AZ31 sheet and AZ91D frame was welded by fiber laser on 850~1,000W output power. The joint showed penetration enough but some humping bead. The distortion by the weld heat was almost free because of the quick dissipation of the heat by small beam size and fast welding. Consequently, the thinner magnesium foil was assembled successfully to the magnesium frame of mobile phone.