La(Ba)$ScO_3$계 Perovskite의 생성상 및 Proton 전도

이규형,김혜림,김신,이형직,이홍림,Lee, Kyu-Hyoung,Kim, Hyu-Lim,Kim, Shin,Lee, Hyung-Jik,Lee, Hong-Lim 한국세라믹학회 2001 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.38 No.11

Bao를 첨가한 perovskite 구조 LaSc $O_3$의 생성상과 proton 전도에 대해 연구하였다. La자리에 $Ba^{2+}$를 40 at% 첨가한 조성에서는 입방정 단일상이 생성된 반면, $Ba^{2+}$를 30 at% 이하로 첨가한 조성은 입방정과 사방정이 생성되었다. $N_2$분위기에서 $650^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서는 주로 산소이온에 의한 전도를 나타내었고, 그 이하의 온도에서는 wet 분위기에서 proton 전도가 관찰되었다. 모든 조성의 물질은 30$0^{\circ}C$ 이하에서는 순수한 proton 전도체의 거동을 보였으며, proton에 의한 bulk(grain)의 전도도는 L $a_{0.6}$B $a_{0.4}$Sc $O_{2.8}$의 경우에 가장 높았다.높았다.다. Phase formation and proton conduction in BaO doped LaSc $O_3$with perovskite structure were studied. L $a_{0.6}$B $a_{0.4}$Sc $O_{2.8}$, viz. 40at% $Ba^{2+}$ ion doped composition, showed a single cubic phase, while the other compositions doped less than 30 at% $Ba^{2+}$ ion showed the cubic phase and the orthorhombic one. Above $650^{\circ}C$ oxygen ion conduction was dominant in $N_2$atmosphere and below this temperature proton conduction was observed in wet atmosphere. All compositions were found to be the pure proton conductors below 30$0^{\circ}C$. The proton conductivity (bulk) of L $a_{0.6}$B $a_{0.4}$Sc $O_{2.8}$ was higher than those of any other composition.osition.ion.

허혈성 대장염에서 심초음파의 임상적 유용성

이규형 ( Kyu Hyung Lee ),장병익 ( Byung Ik Jang ),김경옥 ( Kyeong Ok Kim ),이시형 ( Si Hyung Lee ),최재원 ( Jae Won Choi ),박윤선 ( Youn Sun Park ),이상훈 ( Sang Hoon Lee ),이준영 ( Jun Young Lee ),은종렬 ( Jong Ryul Eun ),김태년 대한장연구학회 2007 Intestinal Research Vol.5 No.2

Background/Aims: Ischemic colitis is recognized as the most common intestinal vascular disorder, especially in the elderly. Several predisposing factors, especially a cardiac embolism, have been reported for ischemic colitis. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and the role of echocardiography in ischemic colitis. Methods: Thirty-six patients with ischemic colitis from January 2000 to February 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The mean age of subjects was 68.8±8.4 years. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease in ischemic colitis patients was 33% (12/36 cases). There were eight ischemic heart disease cases, four valvular heart disease cases, three arrhythmia cases and one hypertrophic cardiomyopathy case. Echocardiography was performed in 21 cases; cardiovascular disease could be detected in 11/12 cases (92%) and four cases were previously unknown. Anticoagulant therapy was required in 25% of the patients. Factors influencing hospital stay were the presence of cardiovascular disease. The presence of an associated medical illness did not influence hospital stay. Conclusions: Echocardiography may be useful to evaluate predisposing factors and to determine the use of anticoagulation therapy in ischemic colitis. (Intest Res 2007;5:165-169)

미국 초등학생의 태권도 수련과 사회성 발달 및 정신건강과의 관계

이규형 ( Kyu Hyung Lee ) 대한무도학회 2010 대한무도학회지 Vol.12 No.3

이 연구에서는 미국초등학생의 태권도 수련 경험 유무와 수련 빈도, 수련 강도에 따라 사회성 발달과 정신건강의 차이와 태권도 수련이 미국의 초등학생들의 사회성발달과 정신건강과의 관계를 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 연구의 대상은 2010년 1월 15일부터 2월 3일까지 미국의 매사추세츠 주(Massachusetts) 소재 공립 초등학교에 방문하여 학교 재학생 중 정규 체육시간에 태권도 프로그램 수업을 실시하고 있는 참가자 3, 4, 5학년 남녀 아동들을 대상으로 하였으며, 편의표본추출법(convenient sampling method)을 이용하여 277부를 추출하였다. 자료분석을 위해 SPSS 15.0프로그램을 사용하여 빈도분석(frequency analysis) T검정(t-test), 탐색적 요인분석(exploratory factor analysis), Cronbach`s α계수, 상관분석(correlation analysis), 분산분석(Analysis of variance), 단순회귀분석(simple regression analysis)등으로 검증하여 도출한 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미국 초등학교의 태권도 수련을 한 아동이 그렇지 않은 아동보다 사회성의 하위요인인 안정성, 자율성과 사교성, 활동성, 예절성 모두에서 높게 나타났으며, 자율성과 사교성, 활동성에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 또한, 태권도 수련 경험 유무에 따른 정신건강의 차이를 규명한 결과 정신건강의 하위요인 중 대인예민성과 적대감은 통계적으로 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났으나, 우울, 불안, 신체화 장애는 유의한 차이를 보이지는 않는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 미국 초등학생의 태권도 수련 빈도에 따른 사회성의 차이는 태권도 수련을 자주 한 아동일수록, 사회성 발달 하위요인인 안정성, 자율성, 사교성, 활동성, 예절성 모두 높게 나타났으며, 유의한 차이를 보였다. 또한 태권도 수련 강도가 높을수록 사교성과 활동성은 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 유의한 차이를 보였다. 셋째, 미국 초등학생의 태권도 수련 빈도에 따른 정신건강의 차이는 수련을 자주한 아동일수록 정신건강의 하위요인인 대인 예민성, 우울, 적대감, 불안, 신체화 장애가 낮게 나타났으며, 유의한 차이를 보였다. 또한 태권도 수련 강도가 높을수록 정신건강의 하위요인인 대인 예민성, 적대감, 불안, 신체화 장애가 낮게 나타났으며, 유의한 차이를 보였다. 넷째, 미국 초등학생의 태권도 수련을 통한 사회성 발달은 정신건강에 유의한 부(-)적 영향을 미쳤다. This research is done to look into the difference in sociality development and mental health according to whether American elementary schoolers have experience in taekwondo training, training frequency, and training intensity, and also to look into the relationship between American elementary schoolers` sociality development and mental health. To make a survey on this, this research set up the 3rd, 4th, 5th graders as its study object who participated in taekwondo program conducted in regular PE class among the enrolled students of a public elementary school located in Massachusetts in the USA from Jan. 15 to Feb., 3, 2010. 277 samples were selected using the convenient sampling method. The conclusions deducted from the verification with frequency analysis, T-test, exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach`s α coefficient, correlation analysis, Analysis of variance, simple regression analysis using SPSS W 15.0program for data analysis are as followings. First, it was found that a schooler who has taekwondo training in American elementary school was higher in sub-factors of sociality, such as stability, autonomy, sociability, activity, and civility than a schooler who doesn`t and there appears a significant difference in autonomy, sociability and activity. In addition, as a result of inquiring into the difference in mental health consequent on whether American elementary schoolers have experience in taekwondo training, interpersonal sensitivity and hostility among the sub-factors of mental health were found to show a statistical difference, but gloom, anxiety and somatization disorder were found not to show a significant difference. Second, as for the difference in sociality consequent on taekwondo training frequency of the US elementary schoolers, a schooler, who has more frequent taekwondo training, was found to be higher in sub-factors in sociality development, such as stability, autonomy, sociability, activity, and civility, and showed a significant difference. In addition, it was found that the higher taekwondo training intensity was, the higher their sociability and activity were, showing a significant difference. Third, as for the difference in mental health consequent on taekwondo training frequency of the US elementary schoolers, it was found that the more frequently a schooler had taekwondo training, the lower were the sub-factors, such as interpersonal sensitivity, gloom, hostility, anxiety, and somatization disorder, showing a significant difference. In addition, it was found that the higher taekwondo training intensity was, the lower the sub-factors in mental health, such as interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, anxiety, and somatization disorder were, showing a significant difference. Fourth, sociality development through taekwondo training of the US elementary schoolers was found to have a negative effect on mental health.

아동의 태권도 수련 정도에 따른 공격성 비교 분석

이규형(Lee Kyu-Hyung) 한국체육과학회 2009 한국체육과학회지 Vol.18 No.2

The purpose of this study is to determine possible effects of children's Taekwondo training level on their aggressiveness. To meet the goal, this study conducted a questionnaire survey for male and female Taekwondo trainees who attended primary schools(at grade 4 to 6) in Seoul. Data collected from the survey were processed via coding and analyzed using SPSS WIN 13.0. As a result, this study came to the following findings: First, in terms of how much the sub-factors of aggressiveness may be reduced depending on Taekwondo training level, it was found that there were significant differences in physical/verbal aggressiveness, excitement and negativity, while there was not any significant difference in indirect aggressiveness on statistical level. Moreover, in terms of aggressiveness depending on Taekwondo training level, it was found that the 3rd Pum group showed significantly lowest aggressiveness, which was followed by the 2nd Pum group and the 1st Pum group respectively. That is, it is found that the higher level of Taekwondo training leads to the lower aggressiveness. Summing up, it is concluded that Taekwondo training is a physical exercise activity that has significant effectiveness in reducing children's aggressiveness.

스키시즌 전후 스키지도자들의 등속성 근력 및 족저압력 변화

이규형 ( Lee Kyu-hyung ),전경규 ( Jeon Kyoung-kyu ),김규완 ( Kim Kew-wan ) 인천대학교 스포츠과학연구소 2014 스포츠科學硏究誌 Vol.27 No.0

이 연구에서는 인터스키 지도자들을 대상으로 스키시즌 중의 일과 및 복합운동트레이닝이 스키지도자들의 시즌 전·후의 등속성 근력과 족저압력에 어떤 변화를 주는지에 알아보고자 하였다. 이 연구의 대상은 대한스키지도자연맹의 레벨Ⅰ이상의 지도자 6명으로, 이들은 시즌 중에 스키활동과 복합운동트레이닝을 적용하였다. 이들은 시즌 전과 종료 후에 각각 등속성 근력과 족저압력을 측정하여 비교한 후 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 시즌 종료 후 스키지도자들의 요부의 굴곡력은 증가하였고, 신근력은 감소하였으며, 동측근력 비율은 증가하였다. 또한 엉덩의 굴곡력은 감소하였고, 신근력은 증가하였으며, 동측근력 비율은 증가하였다. 무릎의 굴곡력은 증가하였고, 신근력의 우측은 증가하였으나, 좌측은 감소하였으며, 동측근력 비율은 증가하였다. 스키지도자들의 족저압력의 최소값은 감소하였으며, 최대값의 우측은 증가하였고, 좌측은 감소하였으며, 변화량은 감소하여 스키지도자들의 시즌 전·후의 등속성 근력과 족저압력은 변화가 있는 것으로 나타났다. This study was to find out how the application of the work and combined athletic training during the ski season affect the change isokinetic muscular strength and foot pressure in the domestic interski instructors pre and post season. The test was conducted to 6 ski instructors of Korea Ski Instructors Association with level I or above. With the application of the ski activities and combined athletic training pre and post season, the isokinetic muscular strength, gait and plantar foot pressure were measured. The following were results. The flexion of lumbar joint increased while the extension of lumbar joint decreased and the ipsilateral muscular strength ratio increased. The flexion of knee joint increased and the extension of knee joint on the right side increased but that on the left side decreased with the ipsilateral muscular strength ratio increased. The minimum value of the foot pressure decreased and the right side of the maximum value increased but the left side decreased. The right side of the average value decreased while the left side increased with the fluctuation decreased. The horizontal value increased while the vertical value decreased. The result of the study shows that the work and the combined athletic training during the ski season affect the changes in the athletic capability and plantar pressure before and after the season for the inter-ski instructors.

전신성 홍반성 루푸스에서 고용량 경정맥 당질코르티코이드로 치료된 단백질 소실성 장질환 1예

이규형 ( Kyu Hyung Lee ),권창모 ( Chang Mo Kwon ),김현도 ( Hyun Do Kim ),윤대영 ( Dae Young Yun ),이재웅 ( Jae Yoong Lee ),홍영훈 ( Yeong Hoon Hong ),이충기 ( Choong Ki Lee ) 영남대학교 기초/임상의학연구소 2005 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.22 No.2

Generalized edema and hypoalbuminemia are relatively common presenting manifestations in many clinical situations. The differential diagnosis of hypoalbuminemia include: Kwashiorkor, synthetic dysfunction of the liver, and excessive protein loss as in nephrotic syndrome. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), hypoalbuminemia and generalized edema are most commonly due to protein loss associated with lupus nephritis; gastrointestinal involvement is uncommon, and therefore protein loss through the gastrointestinal tract is quite rare. We report a case of a protein losing enteropathy (PLE) associated with SLE. The patient was referred to our hospital for generalized edema, arthralgia and facial rash. After clinical evaluation, the patient met the criteria for the SLE diagnosis; hypoalbuminemia with general edema was consistent with a protein losing enteropathy. After two weeks of therapy with parenteral high dose glucocorticoid, the patients was improved in laboratory findings as well as clinical symptoms.

초등학교 남자 아동의 태권도 수련이 인성발달에 미치는 영향

이규형(Kyu Hyung Lee),박주식(Ju Sik Park) 한국사회체육학회 2006 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.28

태권도 수련 정도와 인성발달의 관계

이규형(Kyu Hyung Lee),송형석(Hyeong Seok Song) 한국사회체육학회 2002 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.18 No.1

This study aims to find out the relationship between the training of Taekwondo and the development of character for the pupils of primary schools. For the purpose of this study, the groups who get Taekwondo training and the groups who do not were compared to find any differences in the levels of character development according to their training. Next, the trainees in the training groups were observed to find the differences in each sub-factor according to the individuals` demographic and socioeconomic backgrounds. Finally, the trainees in the training groups of Taekwondo were also compared to find any differences in the levels of character development according to the levels of their training. As for the subjects of the study, the 3∼6 graders of the primary schools located in Seoul are the population, the area sampling and the cluster sampling are used side by side, and 2,139 pupils are the efficient sampling chosen from those who have received the training more than one year and those who have not received any training. As for the subjects of the study, the 3-6 graders of the primary schools located in Seoul are the population, the area sampling and the cluster sampling are used side by side, and 2,139 pupils are the efficient sampling chosen from those who have received the training more than one year and those who have not received any training. The findings of this study were as follows: First, in the comparative analysis of the differences in the levels of the character development according to the training of Taekwondo, the pupils who are trained more than a year on end show noticeable statistical higher levels in all the seven sub-factors of character than the pupils who are not. Second, it was analyzed whether the demographic and socioeconomic backgrounds according to the sexes, the grades, the school records, the levels of the domestic economy, the schooling of the parents, and the jobs of the parents influence the character development of the Taekwondo trainees. The higher the grades are, the higher the levels of the character development become proportionally. In the analyses according the sexes, the character of the schoolboys shows relatively higher levels compared with the schoolgirls in all areas except Attention, and there are noticeable statistical differences in Competency, Leadership, and Respect & Manner. The school records show phenomena remarkably proportionate to character, and in particular, the higher the levels of Attention, Competency, and Leadership become, the higher they are likely to be. In terms of the levels of the domestic economy, Patience, Attention, Competency, Self-esteem, and Leadership show noticeably high statistical differences. In terms of the schooling of the parents, there are differences in average scores both in the fathers and mothers, but there are no noticeable statistical differences. These results show that the schooling of the parents do not influence the character development of the pupils noticeably. Third, in the analysis of the differences of the character development according to the grades of the training of Taekwondo, the levels of the character development show noticeably high statistical differences according to the grades in all the sub-factors forming character.

태권도 교수와 학습 체험에 대한 반성과 해석

이규형(Kyu Hyung Lee),이영국(Young Kuk Lee) 한국스포츠교육학회 2012 한국스포츠교육학회지 Vol.19 No.1

지금까지 태권도를 소재로 하여 수행된 질적 연구는 제3자인 연구제보자의 수련 및 교육 경험을 토대로 하여태권도 수련 경험의 특징 및 태권도 교육의 문제점 등을 제시했으나, 본 태권도 연구는 연구제보자들의 체험뿐만 아니라 연구자 자신의 태권도 수련 체험을 반성적으로 드러내면서 태권도 교육의 실체를 규명하고자 하였다. 태권도 교수체험에 대한 자료의 수집은 초등학교 및 대학교에서 태권도를 가르친 경험이 토대가 되었으며 태권도 학습체험에 대한 자료의 수집은 연구자가 태권도를 혼자서 수련하거나 이사범에게 지도를 받는 과정에서 생겨났다. 자료의 분석은 반성과 해석을 통한 주제화 작업과 전문가 상담과정 및 태도변경의 절차를 밟았다. 결국, 초등학생과 대학생들에게 태권도를 가르쳤던 교수체험을 반성과 해석의 관점에서 제시하였는데 반성의 관점에서는 ``교수관점의 변화``, ``발문법의 변화``, ``교수기법의 유지``, ``교학상장`` 등이 주제화되었으며, 해석의 관점에서는 ``태권도 교수방법에 대한 칭찬``과 ``태권도 교수방법에 대한 비판``이 범주화되었다. 또한 태권도를 혼자서 수련하는 학습 체험을 반성의 관점에서 드러내었는데 ``보이지 않는 것에 대한 관심``과``시비지심으로의 근접`` 등으로 묘사되었다. 마지막 부분에는 내러티브한 태권도 교육 연구의 전개를 위해서 두 가지 제언을 했다. Although the qualitative approaches have recently been conducted in the field of teaching Taekwondo, most of them described the meaning of participants` experience and Taekwondo`s factual structure. Unfortunately, they overlooked researchers` own experience. This paper selected self-study and aimed to describe the lived experience of teaching and learning Taekwondo from the phenomenological reflection and interpretation. One data collection for the reflection and interpretation of teaching Taekwondo was composed of my experience of teaching participants who were 20 students(5 males, 15 females) at elementary school, and 6~7 students(4 males, 2~3 females) at A national university of education. The other data collection for the reflection of learning Taekwondo was based on my experience of training for level up. The data analysis was grounded on reflection, interpretation, auditing, attitude changes, and hermeneutic cycle. As a result, the reflection of teaching Taekwondo grasped the theme of ``change of teaching perspectives``, ``change of questioning methods``, ``consistency of teaching skills`` and ``learner and teacher``s growing``, while the interpretation found ``appreciating and criticizing the method of teaching Taekwondo``. ``Being interested in invisible things`` and ``searching for the principles`` was unveiled through my reflection of learning Taekwondo. This paper suggested some roles that Taekwondo researchers can play in order to cultivate the narrative dimension of teaching and learning Taekwondo.

초등학교 여자 아동의 태권도 수련이 인성발달에 미치는 영향

이규형(Lee Kyu-Hyung),박주식(Park Ju-Sik) 한국체육과학회 2006 한국체육과학회지 Vol.15 No.4

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the Taekwondo training of male elementary children and development of personality. The subject of this study is female children of 1,069 who is in third from sixth class of elementary school located in Seoul Metropolitan City. The results of data analysis are as follows ; First, we find that the student who lasted Taekwondo training over one year have higher development grade of personality than none. Second, on raising class, development grade of personality shows high and the students who have good school record show high development grade of personality. Third, all the case which excludes case of self-possession, respect and manner shows the students who have higher household economy grade are high development grade of personality. In the comparison based on farther's scholarship, student who have higher farther's scholarship appeared high development grade of personality. Forth, In the comparison based on existence an non existence of mother's job, student who have mother have not a job show more significantly than student who have mother have a job in case of self-possession, self-confidence, respect and manner. And the student who have higher grade of training positive affected in development of personality. Putting the results of this study together, we think that lasting Taekwondo training of elementary female children have positive influence to development of personality.