긴급통신서비스 제공을 위한 SIP에서의 호 서비스 메커니즘에 관한 연구

이규철,이종협,Lee, Kyu-Chul,Lee, Jong-Hyup 한국정보통신학회 2007 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.11 No.2

IP(Internet Protocol) 기반 통신서비스가 발달함에 따라 인터넷 전화서비스가 기존 PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) 기반 전화서비스를 대체하는 서비스로 자리 잡아 갈 것으로 예상된다. 이를 위해 해결되어야 할 여러 가지 이슈 중 하나가 인터넷 전화서비스가 PSTN의 911과 같은 긴급전화서비스 제공 능력을 가지는 것이다. 미국의 경우에는 VoIP(Voice over Internet Protocol)를 사용하는 인터넷 전화에서도 PSTN의 전화서비스와 같이 911 서비스를 제공하도록 규정하고 있으며, 기본 VoIP 911 호 (Basic 911 또는 B-911)는 위치 정보 혹은 콜백 번호 없이 LEA(Law Enforcement Agency)의 일반 접근라인으로 라우팅 되고, 향상된 VoIP 911호 (Enhanced 911 또는 E-911)의 경우는 위치정보와 콜백 번호정보를 가지고 911 전용 네트워크상으로 라우팅 되어 지역 911 분배센터에 도착하도록 규정하고 있다. 그러나 현재의 VoIP기반 인터넷 전화망에서는 긴급전화서비스를 별도의 서비스로 다루고 있지 않거나 성능이 PSTN에 비해 크게 부족한 실정이며, 해당 호의 위치정보 및 콜백 번호정보 등이 파악되지 못해 가장 인접한 PSAP(Public Safety Answering Point)로 전달되지 못하는 문제가 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점들을 해결하고 효율적인 긴급전화서비스를 제공할 수 있는 SIP(Session Initiation Protocol)기반의 긴급전화서비스 메커니즘을 제안하며, 실제 구현을 통하여 PSAP로의 효율적인 접근과 해당호의 정보를 정확히 알아낼 수 있음을 확인하였다. As the development of the various IP-based services, it is expected that Internet telephony service will gradually replace the traditional PSTN-based telephony service. But there are many issues resolved to spread the Internet telephony service. One of them is to support the emergency services in the Internet telephony. In the case of USA, it has been regulated that 911 services should be supported in the Internet telephony services using VoIP on the similar performance level to PSTN 911 service. According to the regulation, basic VoIP 911 calls should be routed to the general access line of LEA without the location information or the callback number, but the enhanced VoIP 911 calls with the location information and callback number should be routed on the dedicated 911 network and destined to the local 911 distribution center such as PSAP. But, in the current VoIP-based Internet telephony network, the emergency call service has not been handled as one of the special services as well at has a worse performance in comparison to it on PSTN. Moreover, the service has a critical problem that it can not be destined to the nearest PSAP because of the insufficient information about the location information and the call back number. In this paper, we suggest the SIP-based emergency call service mechanism in order to resolve the problems above mentioned. This suggested mechanism is implemented to show its effectiveness and efficiency.

천공 펀치 기계에 의한 수지 절단부의 재접합술

이규철,이동철,김진수,기세휘,노시영,양재원,Lee, Kyu-Cheol,Lee, Dong-Chul,Kim, Jin-Soo,Ki, Sae-Hwi,Roh, Si-Young,Yang, Jae-Won 대한미세수술학회 2010 Archives of reconstructive microsurgery Vol.19 No.1

Purpose: Industrial punch accidents involving fingers cause segmental injuries to tendons and neurovascular bundles. Although multiple-level segmental amputations are not replanted to regain function, most patients with an amputated finger want to undergo replantation for cosmetic as much as functional reason. The authors describe four cases of digital amputation by an industrial punch that involved the reinstatement of the amputated finger involving a joint and neurovascular bundle. Amputated segments were replanted to restore amputated surfaces and distal segments. Methods: A single institution retrospective review was performed. Inclusion criteria of punch injuries requiring replantation were applied to patients of all demographic background. Injury extent (size, tissue involvement), operative intervention, pre- and postoperative hand function were recorded. Result: Four cases of amputations were treated at our institute from 2004 to 2008 from industrial punch machine injury. Average patient age was 32.5 years (25~39 years) and there were three males and one female. Sizes of amputated segments ranged from $1.0{\times}1.0{\times}1.2\;cm^3$ to $3{\times}1.5{\times}1.6\;cm^3$. Tenorrhaphy was conducted after fixing fractured bone of the amputated segments with K-wire. Proximal and distal arteries and veins were repaired using the through & through method. The average follow-up period was thirteen months (2~26 months), and all replanted cases survived. Osteomyelitis occurred in one case, skin grafting after debridement was performed in two cases. Because joints were damaged in all four cases, active ranges of motion were much limited. However, a secondary tendon graft enhanced digit function in two cases. The two-point discrimination test showed normal values for both static and dynamic tests for three cases and 9 mm and 15 mm by dynamic and static testing, respectively, in one case. Conclusion: Though amputations from industrial punch machines are technically challenging to replant, our experience has shown it to be a valid therapy. In cases involving punch machine injury, if an amputated segment is available, the authors recommend that replantation be considered for preservation of finger length, joint mobility, and overall functional recovery of the hand.

고리 봉합법을 이용한 심부 수지 굴건 종지부에서의 건봉합

이규철,이동철,김진수,기세휘,노시영,양재원,Lee, Kyu-Cheol,Lee, Dong-Chul,Kim, Jin-Soo,Ki, Sae-Hwi,Roh, Si-Young,Yang, Jae-Won 대한성형외과학회 2010 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.37 No.5

Purpose: In the case of repair for far distal parts of FDP (Flexor digitorum profundus) division, the method of either pull-out suture or fixation of tendon to the distal phalanx is preferred. In this paper, the results of a modified loop suture technique used for the complete division of FDP from both zone 1a and distal parts of zone 1b in Moiemen classification are presented. Methods: From July 2006 to July 2009, the modified loop suture technique was used for the 10 cases of FDP in complete division from zone 1a and distal parts of zone 1b, especially where insertion sites were less than 1 cm apart from a tendon of a stump. In a suture technique, a loop is applied to each distal and proximal parts of tendon respectively. Core suture of 2-strand and epitendinous suture are done with PDS 4-0. Out of 10 patients, the study was done on 6 patients who were available for the followup. The average age of the patients was 49.1 years (in the range from 26 to 67). 5 males and 1 female patients were involved in this study. There were 3 cases with zone 1a and distal parts of zone 1b. The average distance to the distal tendon end was 0.6 cm. There were 5 cases underwent microsurgical repair where both artery and nerve divided. One case of only tendon displacement was presented. The dorsal protective splint was kept for 5 weeks on average. The results of the following tests were measured: active & passive range of motion, grip strength test, key pinch and pulp pinch test. Results: The follow-up period on average was 11 months, in the range from 2 to 20 months. There was no case of re-rupture, but tenolysis was performed in 1 cases. In all 6 cases, the average active range of motion of distal interphalangeal joint was 50.8 degree. The grip strength (ipsilateral/contralateral) was measured as 88.7% and the pulp pinch test was 79.2% as those of contralateral side. Flexion contracture was presented in 2 cases (15 degree on average) and there was no quadrigia effect found. Conclusion: Despite short length of tendon from the insertion site in FDS rupture in zone 1a and distal parts of zone 1b, sufficient functional recovery could be expected with the tendon to tendon repair using the modified loop suture technique.

압출성형 공정변수에 따른 옥수수전분 팽화물의 당화특성

이규철 ( Kyu Chul Lee ),김연수 ( Yeon Soo Kim ),류기형 ( Gi Hyung Ryu ) 한국산업식품공학회 2011 산업 식품공학 Vol.15 No.2

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different extrusion conditions on the saccharification characteristics(initial reaction velocity, reaction rate constant, yield) of extruded corn starch. Extruded corn starch-water slurries were mixed with alpha-amylase for the enzymatic saccharification. The saccharification yield of extruded corn starch was high at lower feed moisture content and higher barrel temperature. The solubility of extrudates increased with increase in the SME input which increased with increase in the feed moisture content. Starch hydrolysates having DE 63.8 was obtained after 2 hr reaction. The initial reaction velocity of the extrudate slurry with alpha-amylase was higher with decrease in the feed moisture content. The initial reaction velocity of extruded corn starch was the highest (2.26×10(-3) mmol/mL·min) at 25% feed moisture content and 120℃ barrel temperature, 250 rpm screw speed. The pregelatinized starch was 1.83×10(-3) mmol/mL · min as a control. Reaction rate constant was a similar trend to initial reaction velocity.

제주지역 전압형 순동무효전력 보상설비 (STATCOM) 도입 및 기술규격 제정

이규철(Kyu-Chul Lee),민병욱(Byeong-wook Min),신명식(Myoung-sik Shin),윤종수(Jong-Su Yoon) 대한전기학회 2010 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.7

제주지역의 기존 설치된 동기조상기가 노후화 되었으며 적기에 대체가 곤란하고 추가 HVDC 계통의 원활한 유효전력 공급을 위하여 무효전력 보상설비가 추가적으로 필요하였다. 또한 현, 제주계통은 원형 모양의 다중계통으로 송전선로 고장발생시, 단일계통으로 바뀌어 말단측에 전압 Drop 문제와 풍력발전기 설치용량 급증에 따른 제주지역 내 무효전력 수급 불균형이 발생됨에 따라 제주계통의 전압안정도 개선이 필요하여 전압형 순동무효전력설비 (STATCOM)의 도입 및 기술규격을 제정하게 되었다.

“XML” 특집을 내면서

이규철(Kyu-Chul Lee) 한국정보과학회 2001 정보과학회지 Vol.19 No.1

고려 말 조선 초 전쟁과 지도 만들기

이규철(Lee Kyu Chul) 역사비평사 2018 역사비평 Vol.- No.124

Goryeo & Chosun Dynasty in the 15th century maintained their balance of diplomatic policy through ‘Foreign Conquest’. We have diculty in nding the case that the Korean Dynasty Country since the Middle Ages had militarily suppressed the peripheral powers like the 15th century. In particular, Chosun Dynasty always tried to nd its conduct cause of military expedition externally when enforcing ‘Foreign Conquest’. However, basically the conquest meant a military conduct for suppressing the external powers. In order to begin the ‘Foreign Conquest’, they had to plan taking various factors such as troops & supplies into consideration. e Conquest was very highly risky of facing with it when it proved to be a failure unlike other foreign policies. What’s more, the military movement toward the specic powers had the great possibility of causing the peripheral resistance. erefore, the ‘Foreign Conquest’ was not a policy to progress through short discussion & preparation at all. Chosun Dynasty’s foreign conquest during the 15th century was a policy which was greatly influenced by Goryeo Dynasty. The time when the foreign conquest policy used to reveal its true feature was from the era of King GongMin at the end of Goryeo Dynasty. erefore, it can be explained that the foreign conquest of Chosun Dynasty was the representative foreign policy in the 15th century and was evidently inuenced by that of the end of Goryeo Dynasty. Of course, the wars fought by Goryeo & Chosun Dynasty were aiming for its own benets. At that time, ‘its own benets’ which Goryeo & Chosun Dynasty tried to obtained, were essentially related to the problems of area & territory. e conquest of Goryeo & Chosun Dynasty shared with the goal for the purpose of extending the external inuence abilities & securing a new area & territory.

조선시대 공민왕 인식의 변화 과정

이규철(Lee Kyu-chul) 한국역사연구회 2018 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.109

The Joseon government considered King Gongmin-wang (“Gongmin” from now on) of Goryeo (r.1352~1374) as the de-facto “last” leader of the late Goryeo government, and recorded the history of Goryeo - Joseon’s predecessor - with roughly the same sentiment. King Gongmin’s governance had a huge influence upon a group of Goryeo politicians who were instrumental in founding the Joseon dynasty later. One may say his reign inspired those officials’ reform policies in the 1380s and the ’90s. Even during the early years of Joseon people thought very highly of King Gongmin for several reasons, that he was well aware of [Joseon founder king Taejo] Yi Seong-gye’s abilities, appointed him to important seats in the government, and ‘served China well.’ Early Joseon kings even considered Gongmin’s reign as a model, and used to compare theirs with his. Yet such high evaluation of King Gongmin apparently began to change during the reigns of both Sejong and Sejo, and negative perception of Gongmin’s reign continued to increase during Seongjong and Jungjong’s reign as well, to the point of criticizing him as ‘king of a fallen dynasty.’ This change in Gongmin’s image was not only triggered by the passage of time. It was also being linked with the issue of ‘clarifying [rectifying] the founder king’s lineage[heritage].’ In order to resolve this issue, the Joseon government came to describe Gongmin more and more negatively. During King Hyeonjong’s reign, Gongmin even came to be compared with Gwang’hae-gun, who was an example of a dethroned king.

압출성형 옥수수 섬유질 첨가에 따른 식빵의 품질 특성

이규철(Kyu-Chul Lee),류기형(Gi-Hyung Ryu) 한국식품영양과학회 2013 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.42 No.8

옥수수 섬유질을 이용한 고식이섬유 식빵을 제조하기 위하여 옥수수 섬유질을 수분함량 30, 40%, 배럴온도 140°C, 스크루 회전속도 200 rpm으로 압출성형 처리한 후 첨가율에 따른 제빵특성을 검토하였다. 식빵의 부피는 옥수수 섬유질의 첨가비율이 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 압출성형 옥수수 섬유질 5% 첨가군에서는 수분함량 30, 40% 압출성형 옥수수 섬유질 첨가 식빵의 비체적이 각각 5.688, 5.712로 대조군 5.222(L/kg)보다 더 높게 측정되었다. 저장 기간 동안 옥수수 섬유질 첨가 식빵의 경도는 대조군과 압출성형 옥수수 섬유질첨가 식빵보다 높은 경도 값을 나타내었다. 그러나 옥수수 섬유질과 압출성형 옥수수 섬유질 5% 첨가 시 저장기간에 따라 대조군보다 낮은 결과를 보여주었다. 관능검사 결과는 대체적으로 첨가비율이 증가할수록 선호도가 떨어졌다. 이는 첨가물의 비율이 높을수록 품질특성이 낮아지는 결과와 일치한다. 옥수수 섬유질을 압출성형하여 첨가하였을 때 전반적인 기호도는 상승하였다. 압출성형공정을 통해 옥수수 섬유질에 포함된 전분이 호화되고 섬유질의 구조가 파괴되어 비전분성 다당류인 cellulose와 hemicellulose가 식빵 품질에 영향을 주는 것으로 판단된다. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of bread supplemented with extruded corn fiber. The extrusion was conducted as the moisture content of the corn fiber reached 30% and 40% (at 140°C and 200 rpm). The bread baked with 5% extruded corn fiber at a 40% feed moisture exhibited the highest specific volume. The hardness of the bread supplemented with 10% corn fiber was the highest during storage compared to bread supplemented with extruded corn fiber and the control (100% wheat flour). However, the hardness of bread with corn fiber or extruded corn fiber (5%) was lower than the control. In the sensory evaluation, preferences decreased with the increased addition of untreated and extruded corn fiber. Quality characteristics, such as specific volume and texture, of bread baked with extruded corn fiber were better than bread baked with corn fiber. This improvement in quality is likely due to modification of corn fibers and starch gelatinization from the extrusion process. Supplement of extruded corn fiber had the potential for bread making compared to raw corn fiber.

시맨틱 지식관리를 위한 논리전위시스템(ALFS)

이규철(Kyu Chul Lee),이석호(Sukho Lee) 한국정보과학회 1986 정보과학회논문지 Vol.13 No.3

이 논문은 연역 기능을 가진 연역 데이터베이스와 시맨틱 지식 표현 방법을 지닌 시맨틱 데이터 모델의 장점을 관계 데이터베이스 시스템에서 그대로 살릴 수 있는, 논리 전위 시스템 ALFS (A Logic database Front-end System)을 제안, 구현하였다. 우리는 객체 지향적 방법 (Object-Oriented Paradigm)을 논리 언어인 Prolog에 첨가하여, ALFS를 구현하는 기계 언어로 사용하였다. This paper presents a Logic Front-end System(ALFS) of Relational DBMS, which can take advantages of both the Deductive Databases and semantic data models. We adopt the Object-Oriented Paradigm to Prolog to implement it.