Inhibitor에 관한 硏究 (Ⅱ)

이계수,Lee Kae Soo 대한화학회 1969 대한화학회지 Vol.13 No.2

This investigation was made to evaluate the corrosion inhibiting effects of urotropine for mild steel in HCl. 1) Formaldehyde produced by the decomposition of urotropine also showed positive inhibiting effects. 2) In the presence of the ions, such as $Cu^+$, $Cu^{++}$, $Fe^{+++}$, $SO_3^=$, $SO_4^=$, $NO_2^-$, $NO_3^-$, $Cr_2O_7^=$, the inhibiting capacity of the urotropine was decreased. Alkali and alkaline-earth metal ions had no effects but the halogen ions improved it. 3) From measurements of polarization curves, it was assumed that the anode reaction was more retarded by the urotropine and the halogen.

Kinetic Studies on Halogen Exchange of 1-Naphthyl Methyl Halides

이계수,Lee Kae-Soo Korean Chemical Society 1969 대한화학회지 Vol.13 No.2

1-naphthyl methyl halide와 halide ion간의 反應을 無水 acetone에서 反應 速度論的으로 연구하였다. Substrate의 softness가 현저하게 增加하면 halide ion의 nuclepphilicity가 dipolar solvent 에서도 一般的으로 $I^->Br^->CI^-$의 순서를 갖는다는 것을 보여주고 있다. Leaving group bromide일 때는 symbiotic effect에 의해서 reaction center의 softness가 증가하여 soft halide ion과의 反應이 커질 것이나 perihydrogen atom의 steric effect때문에 chloride일 때에 비해서 약간 감소하고 있다. Kinetics of reactions of halide ions with 1-naphthyl methyl halide have been investigated in anhydrous acetone. Semi-quantitative analysis of the results shows that if the softness of the substrate increases remarkably, the nucleophilicity order of halide ions is $I^- > Br^- > Cl^-$ even in dipolar aprotic solvent. But for 1-naphthyl methyl bromide, though the reaction center which was made soft by symbiosis of bromine atom raises the reactivity of soft nucleophile, nucleophilicity order indicates that soft-soft interaction is interfered by perihydrogen.

國産無煙炭의 炭質에 關한 考察

이계수,정병선,Lee, Kae-Soo,Chung, Byung-Sun 대한화학회 1965 대한화학회지 Vol.9 No.1

韓國에서 産出되는 無煙炭의 炭質을 綜合的으로 調査하기 爲하여 약 40 個所의 炭鑛에서 試料를 採取하여 工業分析, 元素分析, 其他 特殊分析을 하여 檢討하였다. 이 結果에 依하면 國産無煙炭은 一般的으로 低質炭에 屬하여 그 中 約 半은 黑鉛性을 가지고 있었으며 國産無煙炭의 主要成分의 範圍는 다음과 같았다. 水分:$4{\sim}7%$, 灰分:$20{\sim}30%$, 揮發分:$3{\sim}5%$, 硫黃分:$0.2{\sim}0.5%$, 炭素:$62{\sim}73%$, 水素:$0.3{\sim}$1.0%, 窒素:$0.2{\sim}0.5%$, 酸素:$2.0{\sim}4.0%$, 發熱量:$5,200{\sim}6,100cal/g$. In an effort to make a comprehensive investigation of the quality of the Korean anthracite various analysis-proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, and other analysis of the samples picked up from some 40 collieries were conducted. It was found that the quality of the Korean anthracite was in ferion in general with the graphitic property by half. The important ingredient of Korean anthracite is as follows: $Moisture\;:\;4{\sim}7%,\;Ash\;:\;20{\sim}30%,\;Volatile matter:\;3{\sim}5%,\;Sulfur\;:\;0.2{\sim}0.5%,\;Carbon\;:\;62{\sim}73%,\;Hydrogen\;:\;0.3{\sim}1.0%,\;Nitrogen\;:\;0.2{\sim}0.5%,\;Oxygen\;:\;2.0{\sim}4.0%,\;Calorific\;value\;:\;5,200{\sim}6,100 cal/g$.

Inhibitor에 關한 硏究

이계수,Kae Soo Lee 대한화학회 1969 대한화학회지 Vol.13 No.1

This investigation is to make comparative evaluation of the corrosion inhibiting effects of quinoline, oxine and 7-nitroso 8-hydroxy quinoline (7NHQ). In case of quinoline, and oxine, since the N atom in them functions as cation, the process involved is assumed to be cathode control. On the other hand 7-NHQ was found to form a stable chelate compound with $Fe^{++}$ ion in acidic solution and shows as anode control predominantly. After plotting polarization curves, Tafel parameters were calculated in each solution involving the inhibitors, at the same time corrosion inhibiting effects were separately measured and compared from data of both corrosion current and analytical method.

벤처․중소 ICT 기업의 디지털 생태계에서의 글로벌 경쟁력 요인 연구

이계수(Kae Soo Lee),윤현덕(Heon-Deok Yoon) 한국IT서비스학회 2016 한국IT서비스학회지 Vol.15 No.1

Recently, in the bio-field success stories of ventures through a biosimilar technology is being excavated. but the growth of ICT industry has been stagnant since reaching a boom in the dissemination of early high-speed internet in 2000s. The purpose of this study is to explore the factors of change of business model and business strategy of ICT ventures and SMEs with the evolution of the digital ecosystem, and to drive the factors to be competitive on the global value chain. The researcher selected an entreprenuership, market-innovation orientation, technology-innovation orientation, and Administration-innovation orientation as internal factors influencing the global competence and healthiness of the ecosystem as external factors. The researcher applied samples of 94 ICT Venture and SMEs to a research model, and adopted 5 hypotheses. The researcher believes that only a few hypotheses were adopted because it takes time for overall innovation orientation of ICT Venture and SMEs to result in the real global competence as the their innovation orientation is still on the level of domestic market. And the researcher also thinks that only healthiness of the ecosystem affected management performances because the companies’ performances of the last 3 years were so weak that the correlation between innovation orientation of each company and the performances were not big enough.

여러자리 아민리간드의 염기도에 대한 이중심 Huckel 법의 응용

김자홍,이계수,Kim, Ja Hong,Lee Kae Soo 대한화학회 1978 대한화학회지 Vol.22 No.5

여러자리 아민리간드에 대해서 이중심 Huckel법의 계산으로 양성자 첨가과정에서 전자에너지 변화와 전자밀도를 논의 하였다. 계산된 ${\Delta}E_{\sigma}$ 및 $q_N,\;q_H$ 값과 실측치 pKb값으로서 여러자리 아민리간드는 trien > en > gly > dien순으로 안정도가 증가함을 보여주었다. The change of the electron densities of polydentate amine ligands in the reaction of protonation are discussed on the basis of the calculation by Two Center Huckel method. From results, such as ${\Delta}E_{\sigma}$, $q_N,\;q_H$ , and observed pKb, it is concluded that the stabilities of polydentate amine ligands are in the order of trien > en > gly > dien.

MO 理論에 依한 反應性의 決定 (第16報). 카르보닐炭素의 酸觸媒置換反應에 關한 理論的 硏究

이익춘,이순기,이계수,Ikchoon Lee,Soonki Rhee,Kae Soo Lee 대한화학회 1980 대한화학회지 Vol.24 No.3

CNDO/2 MO 계산방법을 사용하여 양성자화된 아세트알데히드와 알코올 및 양성자화된 아세트산과 알코올간의 기체반응에 대한 전이상태구조를 최적화하였다. 계산으로 얻은 구조에 따르면 전자의 반응은 공격하는 알코올의 alkyl-O 절단으로 진행되고 후자의 반응은 acyl-O 절단으로 진행될 것임을 보여주어 실험결과와 일치하였다. 또 반응물질들의 eigenvector 성질들로 판단할 때 전자의 반응은 charge controlled인 반면 후자의 반응은 orbital controlled임을 예측케 해주었다. Caserio 등이 제안한 전이상태를 가정한 CNDO/2 활성화에너지 결과에 따르면 후자의 경우는 실험결과와 일치하는 알코올의 반응성 순위를 주지만 전자의 경우는 실험결과와 반대되는 순위를 주었다. The CNDO/2 MO method has been used to study gas phase reactions of protonated acetaldehyde with alcohols and protonated acetic acid with alcohols respectively by optimizing state geometries. Results showed that the former is predicted to proceed by alkyl-O cleavage and the latter by acyl-O cleavage. It has also been found using eigenvector properties of reactants that the former should be a charge controlled while the latter an orbital controlled reaction. According to the calculated activation energies assuming the transition states proposed by Caserio et al., the predicted reactivity order for alcohols agreed with the experiments for the latter but the order predicted was the reverse of the experimental one for the former.

$M^{II}$/ Cu / ZnO 계에서의 메탄올-물의 반응

이영숙,한종수,조민수,이계수,Young-Sook Lee,Chong-Soo Han,Min-Soo Cho,Kae-Soo Rhee 대한화학회 1988 대한화학회지 Vol.32 No.1

알카리토류 금속-구리-산화아연계 촉매위에서 메탄올-물혼합물이 이산화탄소와 수소로가는 반응을 150$^{\circ}C$${\sim}\;300^{\circ}C$의 온도범위에서 연구하였다. 일반적으로 구리-아연계 촉매에 알카리토류 금속이 첨가되면 촉매의 활성도는 감소하고 이산화탄소 생성에 대한 선택성은 증가했다. 마그네슘-구리-산화아연 촉매에서는 200$^{\circ}C$부터, 바륨-구리-산화아연계 촉매에서는 250$^{\circ}C$부터 촉매활동을 관찰할 수 있었다. 그리고 250$^{\circ}C$에서 이산화탄소 형성에 대해 가장 높은 선택성을 나타낸 촉매는 바륨-구리-산화아연계 촉매이다. 알카리토류 금속과 산화아연이 반응성에 미치는 효과를 조사하기 위해 이들 촉매에 대해 각각 이산화탄소-승온탈착 실험과 수소-승온환원 실험을 실시하였다. 산화마크네슘, 산화칼슘, 산화바륨의 순서로 이산화탄소와의 상호작용이 증가하였으며, 산화아연은 산화구리의 환원온도를 감소시키는 작용을 했다. 이들 결과들로부터 산화아연은 구리의 산화환원과정에서 수소를 활성화시키는 역할을 하며, 알카리토류 금속은 이산화탄소를 흡착한다고 할 수 있겠다. The reaction of methanol-water mixture to $CO_2$ and $H_2$ on alkaline earth metal-copper-zinc oxide has been studied in the temperature range of 150 ${\sim}\;300^{\circ}C$. Generally the addition of the alkaline earth metal to Cu/ZnO resulted in an enhancement of selectivity for $CO_2$ formation and a reduction of catalytic activity. Measurable activities were found from 150$^{\circ}C$, 200$^{\circ}C$, and 250$^{\circ}C$ on Mg/Cu/ZnO, Ca/Cu/ZnO, and Ba/Cu/ZnO respectively. However, the highest selectivity for $CO_2$ formation was observed in Ba/Cu/ZnO catalyst at 250$^{\circ}C$. The effect of alkaline earth metal or ZnO on the reactivity was investigated using temperature programmed desorption of $CO_2$ or temperature programmed reduction with $H_2$ over catalysts respectively. It was found that $CO_2$ interacts more strongly in the sequence of MgO < CaO < BaO and ZnO decereases the reduction temperature of CuO. From the results, it was suggested that ZnO activates $H_2$ in the redox process of Cu component and alkaline earth metals adsorbs $CO_2$ in the catalytic process.

${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ 및 $SiO_2$에 입혀진 산화 구리의 승온 환원

이화경,한종수,조민수,이계수,전학제,Hwa-Gyung Lee,Chong-Soo Han,Min-Soo Cho,Kae-Soo Lee,Hakze Chon 대한화학회 1986 대한화학회지 Vol.30 No.5

${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$와 $SiO_2$에 입혀진 CuO계에서 지지체와 금속과의 상호 작용을 X선 회절법과 승온 환원법으로 연구했다. CuO/${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$계의 CuO X선 회절 피크는 구리의 농도가 약 5.0wt % 이상일 때 관찰될 수 있었으며 CuO/$SiO_2$계에서는 2.5wt%의 구리 함량에서도 볼 수 있었다. CuO/${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$의 수소에 의한 승온 환원 실험에서는 145${\circ}C$, 185${\circ}C$, 210${\circ}C$, 그리고 250${\circ}C$부근에서 네개의 주 피크가 나타났으며 CuO/$SiO_2$의 경우는 425${\circ}C$에서의 작은 피크와 함께 250${\circ}C$에서 큰 피크가 나타났었다. 1000${\circ}C$에서 소성시킨 CuO/${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$의 Cu$Al_2O_4$에 대한 승온 환원 피크들과 145${\circ}C$, 200${\circ}C$ (185${\circ}C$, 210${\circ}C$), 250${\circ}C$ 부근의 피크들을 비교해 보면 그들은 각각 ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$와 상호작용하는 CuO격자에 있는 $Cu^+$이온, ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$의 결함 자리들에 존재하는 $Cu^+$이온, 그리고 입자가 큰 CuO층에 있는 $Cu^{2+}$이온에 대응시킬 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들로 부터 CuO/${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$계에서는 지지체와 금속간에 상당한 상호작용이 있으며 이 상호 작용이 CuO/${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$계의 $Cu^{2+}$이온을 안정화 시킴을 알 수 있었다. The metal-support interaction of copper oxide supported on ${\gamma}$-alumina and silica was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and temperature-programmed reduction(TPR). It was found that XRD pattern of CuO can not be observed up to 5.0wt % copper content for CuO/${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ while CuO/$SiO_2$ sample shows the CuO pattern even at 2.5wt% copper content. $H_2-$TPR of CuO/${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ system shows four major peaks at 145${\circ}C$, 185${\circ}C$, 210${\circ}C$, and 250${\circ}C$. In the case of CuO/$SiO_2$, a large peak at 250${\circ}C$ was appeared accompanying a small peak at 425${\circ}C$. Comparing the TPR peaks with that of copper aluminate which was prepared from the calcination of CuO/${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ at 1000${\circ}C$, the peaks at around 145${\circ}C$, 200${\circ}C$ (185${\circ}C$ and 210${\circ}C$), and 250${\circ}C$ were corresponded to $Cu^+$ ion in CuO interacting ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$, $Cu^+$ ions in defect sites of ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ and $Cu^{2+}$ ion in the bulk CuO layer, respectively. From the results, it was concluded that there is considerable metal-support interaction in CuO on ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ and the interaction results in a stabilization of $Cu^+$ ion in the system.