아동이 지각한 어머니의 양육행동, 내외통제소재와 또래괴롭힘의 관계

이경님 동아대학교 2001 大學院論文集 Vol.26 No.-

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships of mother's childrearing behavior, locus of control and peer victimization. The subjects were 555 children of 4th, 5th and 6th grade. The instruments were Peer Victimization Scale, Locus of Control Scale for Children, Childrearing Behavior Scale. The major findings of this study were as follows ; 1. There was no significant grade difference in overt and relational victimization. The type of peer victimization had a significant difference between girls and boys. That is, boys were more focused on overt victimization than girls. There was no significant gender difference in relational victimization. 2. There was no grade difference in children's locus of control. And boys had more external locus of control than girls. 3.Boys perceived mother's childrearing behavior more rejective and permissive than girls. And there was no grade difference in all subscale of mother's childrearing behavior. 4. Mother's warmth-acceptance, rejection-restriction and permissiveness - nonintervention childrearing behavior and education level significantly predicted children's locus of control. 19% of the variance of children's locus of control was explained by these variables. 5. Children's locus of control, mother's rejection-restriction and warmth - acceptance childrearing behavior significantly predicted children's peer victimization. 26% of the variance of children's peer victimization was explained by these variables. 6. Children's locus of control had a direct effect on children's peer victimization. Mother's rejection-restriction and warmth-acceptance childrearing behavior had a direct effect and an indirect effect through children's locus of control on children's peer victimization. Mother's permissiveness - nonintervention childrearing behavior had an indirect effect through children's locus of control on children's peer victimization. Children's sex had a direct effect and an Indirect effect through mother's rejection-restriction and permissiveness - nonintervention childrearing behavior on children's peer victimization. Mother's education level had an indirect effect through children's locus of control on children's peer victimization. Family income had an indirect effect through mother's childrearing behavior on children's peer victimization.

청소년의 우울에 대한 애착과 자아존중감의 인과모형

이경님 東亞大學校 附設 生活科學硏究所 2002 생활과학연구 논문집 Vol.10 No.-

The purpose of this study was to explore a causal model of attachment to mothers and peers and self-esteem to adolescent depression. The subjects were 490 eleventh grade students in Busan. the subjects rated themselves on questionnaires regarding attachment to mothers and peers, self-esteem and depression scale. The major findings of this study were as follows. 1. Attachment to mothers and peers and family income predicted male adolescent self-esteem. And attachment to mothers and peers and father's education level predicted female adolescent self-esteem. Attachment to mothers had more effect than attachment to peers on male and female adolescent self-esteem. 2. Self-esteem had a direct negative effect on male adolescent depression and was the first contribution factor. Attachment to mothers and peers and family income had negative indirect effect through self-esteem on male adolescent depression. 3. Attachment to meothers had a direct negative and indirect effect through self-esteem on female adolescent depression and was the first negative contribution factor. Self-esteem had a direct effect on female adolescent depression. Attachment to peers and father's education level had an indirect effect through self-esteem on female adolescent depression.

아동의 행동문제, 통제소재와 어머니의 양육행동간의 관계

이경님 동아대학교 생활과학연구소 2000 생활과학연구 논문집 Vol.8 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine how children's locus of control and mother's parenting were related to children's behavior problems. The subjects of this study were 209 children, 4th and 6th grade children attending the elementary school in Busan. The data of this study was analyzed through Two-way ANOVA, Correlation Analysis and Regression Analysis. The major findings were as follows. 1) Behavior problems of children were differed by sex and age in some sub-domains. Locus of control is differed by sex but is not differed by age. Mother's affective and control parenting were differed by sex. 2) Behavior problems and external locus of control of children are positively related. Behavior problems of children and mother's control parenting are positlvely-related. Behavior problems in some sub-domains of children and mother's affective parenting are negatively related. Extemal locus of children is related positively with mother's control parenting, but related negatively with mother's affect parenting. 3) Locus of control of children and mother's control parenting significantly predicted internalizing and externalizing behavior problems and behavior problems in all domains. 17.5% of the variance of internalizing behavior problems by these two variables, 29.6% of the variance of externalizing behavior problems of children was explained by these two variables. 30.3% of the variance of all behavior problems of children was explained by these two variables. The relative influence of locus of control of children to the prediction of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems and behavior problems in all domain was strongest.

과제특징과 단서유형에 따른 아동의 회상수행

이경님 東亞大學校 大學院 1992 大學院論文集 Vol.17 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate developmental trends in organizational strategy in free recall according to list type and effectiveness of cue type. The 60 subjects were randomley sampled from one kindergarten and one elementary school in Busan at the age level of 5, 7, and 9 years. There were equal numbers of boys and girls in each age group. The materials used in this study were based on those used by Melkman and Tversky(1981) ; Recall tasks consisted of three list type, color list, and concept list. Each list consists of 4 categories and 4 item in each category. Each of the four categories were cued. The recall tasks were presented to children individually for free, followed by cued recall. The data were analysed by statstcal method of two-way ANOVA repeated-measures, Scheffe test and paired t-test. The findings of the study were as follows ; First, for free recall, the effect of both age and list type were significant, and the interaction between them was not. Peformance improved with age, and was better on the concept list than other two lists at all ages. Second, for children's organizational strategy, the effect of both age and list type were significant, but interaction between them was not. Use of conceptual strategy was best at all age and increased with age. Third, for cued recall only the effect of cue type was significant. That is to say, the concept cue was most effective at all ages. Fourth, more categories were recalled in the color list than in other two lists. However, more items per category were in the concept list than in either of the perceptual lists.

아동의 자기통제, 통제소재 및 행동문제의 관계

이경님 東亞大學校 附設 生活科學硏究所 1999 생활과학연구 논문집 Vol.7 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine how children's self-control and locus of control were related to behavioral problems. The subjects of this study were 272 children, 4th and 6th grade children in Busan. The data of this study was analyzed through Two-was ANOVA, Correlation analyses and Regression analyses. The major findings were as follows. 1) Self-control increased with age and no sex difference is found in self-control. 2) External locus of control increased with age and no sex difference is found in locus of control. 3) No age and sex difference is found in behavioral problems. 4) Children's self-control is related negatively to internal locus of control and behavioral problems. And children's external locus of control is related positively to behavioral problems. 5) Children's self-control and locus of control significantly predicted behavioral problems. 35% of the variance of children's behavioral problems was explained by these two variables. The relative influence of self-control to the prediction of children's behavioral problems was the strongest.

아동의 학습된 무력감과 자기능력지각과의 관계

이경님 東亞大學校 附設 生活科學硏究所 1998 생활과학연구 논문집 Vol.6 No.-

The purpose of the study was to specify developmental change and the gender differences of children's learned helplessness(lack of self-confidence, depression/negative cognition, passivity, lack of self-control, lack of continuation, lack of display, and lack of responsibility) and perception of self-competences, (academic self, social self, physical-competence self, physical- appearance self, behavioral self and general self), to investigate the influences of the perceived self-competence variables on children's learned helplessness. The subjects were 486 children, 168 4th- and 158 6th-graders in public elementary school and 158 2nd-graders in public middle school. Instruments used in this study were Learned Helpolessness Scale(Shin, Ki-Myung, 1990) and Self-perception Profile for children(Harter, 1985). The data of this study was analyzed through Two-way ANOVA, One-way ANOVA, Duncun's post hoc test, Pearson's Correlation and Regression. The major findings were as follows. 1) Learned helplessness and two factors(lack of self-confidence and lack of continuation) were decreased with grade and no sex difference is found in learned helplessness. Girl's depression/negative cognition was decreased with grade, but boy's depression/negative cognition was not changed. 2) Perception of self-competence and general self were decresed with age, and sex diffrence is found in social-self and physical-competence self. The girl's physical-appearance self was decreased with grade, but the boy's physical-appearance self was not changed. 3) Each factors of children's learned helplessness are related negatively to each factors of perception of self-competence, except correlation between lack of responsibility and physical-competence self.

초기청소년의 애착이 자아존중감과 행동문제에 미치는 영향

이경님 東亞大學校附設 生活科學硏究所 2004 생활과학연구 논문집 Vol.12 No.-

This study examined the effects of attachment on self-esteem and behavior problem in early adolescence. The sample consists of 543 eighth graders in Busan. Statistics and method for data analysis include Cronbach's alpha, percentage, means, standard deviation, Pearson Correlation, multiple regression. The major finding of this study are as follows: 1) The attachment to mothers and peers significantly predict the male and female self-esteem. The relative influence of the attachment to mothers on the prediction of their self-esteem was stronger than the attachment to peers. 2) The attachment to mothers and peers had negative effect on male and female adolescents internalizing behavior problem. The relative influence of the attachment to peers on the prediction of male adolescent's internalizing behavior problems was stronger than the attachment to mothers. And the relative influence of the attachment to mothers on the prediction of female adolescent's internalizing behavior problems was stronger than the attachment to peers. 3) The attachment to mothers had negative effect on male and female adolescent's externalizing behavior problems.

연령,범주전형성,인출조건에 따른 아동의 인출시 범주적 조직화 책략사용

이경님 東亞大學校 生活科學大學 附設 生活科學硏究所 1994 생활과학연구 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

Categorical organization during retrieval for age, category typicality and retrieval condition. The purpose of present research was to study developmental trens in category organization strategy during retrieval and the relationship between category organization, metamemory and recall. The subjects were 160 children, 80 children at each grade, second grade and fourth grade. All subjects were received memory task and metamemory task. The selection of memory task permitted a seperation of age difference in category knowledge. And two recall lists with either high or low within-category interitem typicality were generated. Metamemory was assessed by two display cards, showing nine black and white line drawing of items belonging to three distinct categories. The two tasks were administered to children individually with the memory task followed by the metamemory task. The data was analysed with three-way ANOVA, t-test, Chi-square and Pearsons correlation coefficient. The results can be summerized as followes: 1. A teach age, children showed higher leval of recall, clustering for category typical than atypical task. 2. Fourth grader's recall was superior to second grader's recall in the free recall condition, and inferior to second grader's recall in the serial recall condition. 3. Children's clustering and metamemory increased with age. 4. Fourth grade showed higher level of clustering only for free recall condition and second grade only for serial recall condition. 5. More fourth graders than second graders were classified as categorical organizers in free recall condition. 6. At each age, correlation among categorical organization and recall showed that recall was closely reiated categorical organization only for typical task in free recall condition. And at fourth grade, correlation among categorical organization and metamemory showed that categorical organization was closely related to metamemory only for typical task in free recall condition.

개인적 변인과 환경적 변인이 아동의 게임중독 경향에 미치는 영향

이경님 대한가정학회 2004 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.42 No.4

This study examined different individual and environmental factors that affect children s game addiction tdency. As individual variables, game user motivation, self-control, and self-esteem were included in the analysis. As fanuly variables, communications with mothers, parental control of children s computer use and parental internet use were examined, as school variables, school adjustment and teacher s supervision of children s computer use, and as peer variables, peer group s attitude toward computer games were used. The sample consisted of 994 fifth and sixth grade children. Statistics and methods used for the data ardysis were Cronbach's alpha, frequency, percentage, two way ANOVA, Pearson s correlation and Hierarchical Regression. Several major results were found from the analysis. First, boys were addicted more than girls. No difference was found in the addiction tendency between the 5th grades and the 6th gmders. second, game users motivation, that is, their interest-amusement motive, avoidance motive and aggressive motive, had a positive correlation with their game addiction tendency. However, self-control and self-esteem had a negative correlation with children s game addiction tendency. Third, problematic communications with mothers and parental control of children's computer use had a positive correlation with children's game addiction tendency. Open communications with mothers had a negative correlation with children's game addiction tendency. Fourth, school adjustment had a negative correction with children's game addiction tendency. And peer group's attitude towards computer games had a positive correlation with children's game diction tendency. Fifth, low self-control, peer group's attitude towards computer games, children's interest-amusement motive, avoidance motive, aggressive motive, school lesson adjustment, parental control of children's computer use and school rule adjustment were important predicting variables of boy's game addiction tendency. Avoidance motive, low self-control, interest-amusement motive, peer group's attitude towards computer games, and parental control of children's computer use were important predicting variables of girl's game addiction tendency.

청소년의 인터넷 관련비행과 관련 변인간의 경로 분석모델

이경님,하연미 대한가정학회 2004 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.42 No.5

This study examined the direct and indirect influences of adolescents self-esteem, impulsiveness, departments of school, perceived communications with mothers and peer support on internet-related delinquencies. The study consisted of 555 second-year students from a vocational, academic oriented girl s high schools that were located in Busan. Data analysk was made through TweWay ANOVA, Pearson s Correlation, Multiple Regression, and Path Anaiysk by using SPSS WIN 10.0. The results of this study is described as follows. First, intemet-related delinquencies were committed by male students more than by female students. Second, problematic communications with mothers was most directly influenced by internet-related delinquencies of high school students of both sexes and was indirectly influenced by self-esteem and impulsivene~~. Third, w a ~ directly influenced by intemet-related delinquencies in both male and female students. In male students, their school departments indirectly influend internet-related delinquencies by way of open communication with mothers, peer support, self-esteem, and impulsiveness. In female students, school departments directly influenced on intemet-related delinquencies and indirectly by way of peer support, self-esteem and impulsiveness. Intemet-rehtd delinquencies by male and female students were not directly influenced by peer support and self-esteem. But peer support did have indirect effects on intemet-related delinquencies by way of self-esteem and impulsiveness, and self-esteem also had indirect effects by way of impulsiveness.