한국 전통마을의 공간구성과 민가정원 양식 -왕곡마을을 중심으로 -

윤영활,이기의,박봉우,조현길 한국조경학회 1990 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.18 No.2

Wang -gok Villages was forming the space marking the centripetal system from frame composed of adjacent mountains and the cosy and comfortable space perccplively and psychologically, and both the openness and closeness existed together The analysis of the circulation structure in the exterior spaces of home showed that generally one must pass through kitchen to approach to the rear yard having the strong decree of enclosure and privacy. The determinants of the space organization in Wang-gok villages and the exterior of its homes were direction and gradient as natural factor, and traditional thought, action and social class as sococultural factors. The configuration of rear garden was classified into flat type, terrace type and mixed type of natural hill and terrace. The rear garden was created purposely and actively, emphasizing the harmony with and approach to nature.

청평사 원림의 경처와 경관해석에 관한 연구- 고문헌을 중심으로 -

윤영활 한국전통조경학회 2006 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.24 No.3

Cheongphyeongsa, a Buddhist Temple built in Goryo Dynasty is characterized by of the Zen garden which took good advantage of topographical elements such as stream, valley, fall, and bread-flat rock. Based on historical evidences of 17 ancient writings in Goryo and Chosun era, this research analyzed the landscape resources and their characteristics of which writers described Cheongphyeongsa garden during periods. Cheongphyeongsa garden and its facilities were built in harmony with topography to diminish adverse impacts on the nature.Pal-Kyong(eight scenery) of Cheongphyeongsa garden is divided into two types, natural landscapes and man-made facilities. The former includes mountains, streams and falls, rocks which are all attractive scenes. The letter contains hermitages, pavilions, and ponds. The representative scenic places are Sundong, Sikam(hermitage), Youngji(reflection pond), Bansuk (bread-flat rock), Yongdam(swamp), Kyensungam(hermitage), Chondan(eminence) and Soyodae(platform). The square shape of Youngji(South Pond) symbolizes a Chonwonjibang(天圓地方) thought that the heaven is circle, the earth is square. Around the South Pond, various garden trees were planted to create a beauty of enclosed landscape.Cheongphyeongsa garden is a valuable place of historic interest which cannot be discovered in any other common temples in Korea.

고려시대의 정원에 관한 연구(1) : 조경수목의 선정추세와 배치성향

윤영활 한국정원학회 1985 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.1 No.4

淸平寺 禪園의 復元을 위한 綜合的 考察

윤영활 한국전통조경학회 2007 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.25 No.2

Actual spatial foundation for the Zen Garden of the Cheongphyeongsa was composed by Ja-Hyun Lee in the age of the Koryo. The Buddhist Saint Bowoo developed it more afterward. Because this research had been done by fragmentary subjects based on recent paleographic historical studies, it tries to analyze and consider the result of the research comprehensively. Additionally, detailed analytic studies corrected and supplemented insufficient parts of historical studies. As a result, totally 39 historic relics of 12 types were shown to be found. 30 of them were shown to have enough bibliographic evidences and 25 of them were site-places. Through detailed analytic studies, the location of the site-place of the Bokhee Am was corrected to that of the site-place of the Sehwyangwon. Kusong Jeong was also changed to have been at the same place with Kusong Dae. Furthermore, the Zen Garden was shown to be divided in 6 zones while it was known to have 7 zones according to a previous research. By new studies, its Youngji(reflection pond) consists of double ponds and it is a trapezoid-shaped pond which was created by Saint Bowoo in the age of Josun. Those comprehensive studies are willing to be given as a guideline for restoration of the Cheongphyeongsa Zen Garden which will take place later.

고려시대의 정원(2) : 궁궐정원과 민간정원의 구조

윤영활 한국정원학회 1986 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.5 No.1

The garden structure and technology for both royal and private garden during Koryeo Dynasty era were summarized as follows: 1. In the garden style, the framework of the garden style was based on natural scenery, however, technology in detail on gardening art was mainly influenced by Chinese garden style. 2. The main royal garden and the special royal garden were shaped in the way of natural scenary and utilized for recreational purpose. 3. The private garden influenced by hermitic and nature-worship ideology, was motivated to crest "Byeolseo" garden style with wood-and-water("Imchun"). 4. In Koryeo Dynasty the gardens of "SO￣N chung" (a sort of asceticism garden) were builded with development of Buddhism at all parts of the country. 5. The private garden was structured by nature-balanced style based on human scale. 6. One of garden facilities such as a rock arrangement technology ("Suk-Ka-San") was adopted in order to appreciate the pleasure from topographical variations. 7. The garden pavilions such as "Mochung" were widely built in garden.

농촌마을의 향토자원 보존형태와 분석 : 강원지역을 중심으로

윤영활,남연화 강원대학교 조형예술연구소 2002 조형예술논문집 Vol.4 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the native resources that have preserved in the farm villages and to present the ways to make use of the native resources when they set the plans for the rural development. The subject of this study is the native resources of a certain farm village in Gangwon Province and the result of this investigation is as follows. This investigation shows that the village which is rich in natural resources are Jegong village in Gangreung City and Pomae-ri in Yangyang County and also the village which abounds in cultural resources are Jegong village in Gangreung City and Dongchang village in Hongcheon County and also the regions which have abundant recreational resources are Witseongnam in Weonju City and Godunchi village in Hoingseong County. As a result, Jegong village in Gangreung City and Dongchang village in Hongcheon County are superior to other villages in the native resources. Investigation shows that cultural resources and recreational resources are preserved better than natural resources. Especially, village shrines, origin of a village, cooperative events, forests in a village, temples etc. are preserved well comparatively while it needs to keep resources such as valley, a path up a mountain, reservoir. When we develop the local resources in the farm village in Gangwon Province, it is necessary to keep the balance between development and preservation through ways such as park for learning nature, ecology park, forest park, investigation field for traditional culture, culture park, development of recreation program and development of special products using the native resources.

문수원 정원의 유적보존 및 관리

윤영활 강원대학교 조형예술연구소 2000 조형예술논문집 Vol.2 No.-

Moonsoowon garden as a Zen space for the purpose of religious meditation place was built by Lee Ja Hyun (1061-1125AD) in Koryo. It could be classified into three parts such as the site of central, southern and northern part. The object of this report is to evaluate how the garden is well preserved and reconstructed in present. This factores for evaluation are surface situation, facilities, reconstruction and management of the historic sites. The subject of survey focused on 17 sites known already by investigation and survey reports. In the result of survey 8 sites has been well reserved but 9 sites poor. For the preservation of Moosoowon garden redical measure need to be make reconstruction program and work out through management.

한국 전통정원 공간의 복원 : 대구향교를 대상으로 The Case of Taegu Hyangkyo

윤영활 강원대학교 조형예술연구소 1999 조형예술논문집 Vol.1 No.1

The Korea value system was influenced by Chinese Taoism, Confucianism and Indian Buddhism, and their ideals too root deeply the mind of Koreans who subsequently translated these ideas into their own view of nature. Especially the influence of confucianism which them think that they should adapt to the Province of Nature. Such a philosophy of Life become their spiritual basis and it's the Korean disposition to emulate the cleanliness and purity of nature. Hyangkyo was the principles of six arts and five classics of confucianism, which greatly influenced a life styles and spiritual basis in the Chonsun Dynasty. With the case of Taegu Hyangkyo this study carried out as a korean traditional style which designed to mean a idea of confucianism, especially using the stone symbolically.

청평사 선원의 고문헌적 고증 연구(2)-세부 공간요소를 중심으로-

윤영활,김흥삼,한재오 한국전통조경학회 2005 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.영문 No.3

Cheongphyeongsa, Zen Temple built in Koryo dynasty has a characteristics of the zen garden.The purpose of this research was to explore historical evidences concerned with the detailed spatial elements of Cheongphyeongsa zen garden.Based on about 26 ancient writings in Koryo and Chosun era, this research analyzed the characteristics of detailed spatial elements and landscape facilities, and also their locations and relics in Cheongphyengsa zen garden. The main spatial elements were pond, pavilions(Jeongza and Ru) and Dae (a kind of platform).The most common facility of this elements was Dae, which was an environmental-friendly facility as used a place for mental culture and recreation. There were four artificial and one natural Daes. Of them, Kusong Dae was the most commonly used recreational space.Youngji (South Pond) expressed a good scene of mountain and water with the shadow of the Kengsung Am's rock and trees falling on the pond. It seems that the spatial structure of Youngji was a type of single pond at the start, but later was rebuilt as twin pond which divided one pond into two parts. Various garden trees were planted around the South Pond to create a beauty of the pond as royal and noble gardens.Zen garden and its facilities were built in small scale, as harmonized with the topography, to diminish adverse impacts on the nature.

傳統 造景樹로서의 소나무의 利用과 配植

윤영활 수문출판사 1993 숲과 문화 총서 Vol.1 No.-